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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. III., 1896.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of Zooloo^

IN' CONNECTION WITH THE TRTNG MUSEUM.

EDITED BT

The Hon. WALTEE EOTHSCHILD,
ERNST HAETERT, and De. K. JORDAN.

Vol. III., 1896.

Issued at the Zoological MusErji, Trino.

I'UINTKn PY HAZKI,!., WATSON. & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLKSP.fRY,

189G.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.

(JENEKAL SUBJECTS.

PAGE

1. On Mechanical Selection and Other Problems (Plates XVI. — XIX.). Isarl

Jordan ............. ■i26

Part I. — Introiluctory Notes ........ 426

Part II. — The Variation of tlie Genital Armature of Certain Papilios . 458

Part III. — Condu.sious 497

2. Index to Volume III 005

{See also pp. 182, 577— r<79, 591, and 599.)

:mammalia.

1 . On Mammals Collect eil by I\lr. Albeit Meek on Woorllark Island, anfl on Kiriwina

in the Trobriand Croup. Oldfield Thomas 526

[See r(ho pp. 150, 578. and 593.)

AVES.

1. Contributions to the Ornitliology of the Papuan Islands. Walter Hotusciiild
and Erxst Habtert.

No. I. — List of Three Small Collections fi-om British New (iuinea

(Plate I.) S

No. II. — Notes on Two More Specimens of Astrapia spleyididissitiin . 19
No. III. —On the Forms of Jfaei-opteri/x mi/sUiceu . .19

No. IV. — Lift of a Collection made by Albert S. Meek on .l''erjjusson,

Trobriand, Egum, and Woodlark Islands ..... 23.3
No. V. — On Some Species in a Small Collection made on the Owen
Stanley Mountains in January 189G ....-• -5-
No. VI. — On Some Skins Collected on Mcunt \ictoria. Oweu Stanley

Mountains 530

No. VII.— List of a Collection made in the Aru Islands by Captain

Cayley Webster . 534

( vi )

2. Proliminary Descriptions of Some New Bii'ds from the Mountains of Southern

Celebes. Ernst IIartert 69

3. On the Extinct Biids of tlie Chatham Islands. C. W. Andrews.

Part I. — The Osteology of Diaphorapteri/x hawliiisi (Plate III.) . 73
Pari II. — The Osteology of Palaeolhnnas chathamensk anA Nesolimnas

dieffenhachii (Plates IX., X.) -260

4. On Ornithological Collections made by Mr. Alfred I'A-mett in Celebes ;in(l on the

Islands South of it. Ernst Haktert . . . . .148

Part I.— On the Birds from South Celebes 140

Part II. — The Birds of Saleyer, Djampea, and Kalao 1 fio

5. A New Form of Swift from Madagascar. Ernst Hartert . .231
G. Description of a New Finch from the West Indies. Ernst IIarteut . 257

7. Description of a New Cijanops from North Cachar. B. C. Stuart Bakeu 257

8. Description d'unc Nouvelle Espfece de la Eamille des Trochilidae. E. Sisiox . . 259

9. An Account of the Collections of Birds made bj- Mi-. William Doherby in the

Eastern Archipelago (Plates XI.. XII.). Ers.st Hartert.

Part I. — Introduction ......... 537

Part II.— On Birds fiom East Java 537

Part III.— The Birds of Bali 542

Part IV.— The Birds of Lombok '555

Part V. — The Birds of Sambawa 565

Part VI.— The Birds of Satonda 574

Part VII.— The Birds of Sumba 576

10. List of a Collection of Birds made in Lombok by Mr. Alfred Everett. Ernst

Hartert. (With Notes on Lombok by A. Everett.) 591

(^66 aho Plate II., Urateloi-nis chimaera Eothsch., description of which appeared

in Vol. II., p. 479.)

EEPTILIA.

1. Further Notes on Gigantic Land Tortoises. Walter Eothschild ... 85

2. Description of a New Toad from New Guinea (Plate VIII.). Albert Gi'NTnEii . 184

3. Tesiudo ephippium (Plates XX. — XXII.). Albert Gunther .... 329

COLEOPTEEA.

1. Descriptions de Nouvelles Espfeces de Lampi/rides du Mus^e de Tring. Ernest

Olivier .............

2. Lampyrides captures au Paraguay par M. le Dr. Bohls. Ernest Olivier .

3. On a New Species of vlfc!«:^»s (/lc<i'?io;a/ioni.s) from Australia. John W. Siiipi> .

4. Die Passaliden dicliotomisch bt-arbeitet. A. Kuwert.

Parti. — Die Gruppen und Gattungen (Plates v., VI., \1I.).
a. On a New Species of Actinophorus from Madagascar. John W. Siiipp

4
72

209
420

LEPIUOPTEKA.

1. Notes on lleterocera, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. Walter

RoTiiscniLD and Karl Jordan 21

2. Further Notes on my Be vision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, e.'iclnsive

of Africa. Walter Rothschild 63

( vii )

3. New Lepidoplera. Walter Rothschild .....

4. New Geometridae in the Ti-ing Museum. W. Warren

5. Notes on I/elerocera, with Descriptioixs of New Genera and S[ieeies (Plate IV.).

Walter Rothschild ami Karl Jordan ....

6. Some Undescribt d Lepidoptera. Walter Rothschild

7. New Specie.s of Drepanulidae., Uraniiclae, Epiplemidae, and Oeoiiietridiw, from

the Papuan Region (Albert fc>. Meek Coll.). W. Waerfn
S. 'New Jndifiti Epiplemidae a,nd Geometridae. W. Waeben"
9. New Lepidoplera. Walter Rothschild .....
lU. New Species of DrejianaUchie, Thyrididae, Urimiidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae
in the Tring 3Iuseum. W. Warren .....

11. On Some New Subspecies of Pa^w/jo. Walter Rothschild

1 2. Descriptions of Some New Species of Lepidoptera, with Remarks on Some Previously

Described Forms (Plate.s XIII. — XV.). W^alter Rothschild
{See also pp. 458 — 525.)

PAGE

91
99

185
2.31

272
307

335

421

600

NoviTATFS ZooLOGic*: Vol ID. 1896 .

Pl.JI

J.G K«uleiT\An]| del aL Uth

URATELORNIS CHIMAERA RothscK .

Miivtem Bros i

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. in. MARCH, 1896. No. 1.

DESCEIPTIONS DE NOUVELLES ESPECES DE LAM-
PYBIDES DU MUSEE DE TRING.

Par EKNEST OLIVIER,

Meinbre des iSociHes Enivmoloijiques de France, de Lo/idrea, elv.''

1. Lucidota disjuncta sji. nov.

(J. Oblongo-ovalis, picea ; antenndruni 2-i) articulis hirsiUtti, Iviaja jliihdlniw,
tribus jn-imis et ulthico albidis, alteris fuscis ; prothorace subogivali, villoso,
albido, disco piceo, angidis posticis rectis ; scuieUo hrv.nneo ; eh/iris fuscis vitUi,
lata submarginali albida; mandibulis, pidjjis, pedibusque albis ; idthno vcntrali
segmento cdbescente, pygidio bipartito.

T.oiig. 6 mm. ; lat. bum. 3 mm.

Hab. Rio de Janeiro.

Cette petite espfece est remarquable par les articles 2-9 de ses anteunes muuis
au cC)t4 interne d'un long rameau h^riss^, ainsi que les articles eux-memes, de longs
uoils gris, et par sou pygidium profondement divisd eu deux lobes triangulaires a
sommet tres aigu.

Je ne connais pas la ? . '

2. Lucidota tenuis sp. nov.

Oblongo-ovalis, fusca ; antennis conijiressis, nigris, ■ulttDto nrticulo albido ;
■prothorace ogivali, albido, macida discoidali brunnea, basi recte trancato, angidis
rectis; elytris pubescentibas, nigris, vitta lata s%d)marginali albida; ^judibus
infuacoMs; pygidio sttbquadrato, postice leviter emarginafo.

Long. 5 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Para (Mus. Tving) ; Fonteboa (ma collect.).

Cette espece est la plus petite connue du genre.

o. Cratomorphus elevatus sp. nov.

S. Breviter oblongus, piceus ; capite nigro ; prothorace pallide jiavo, macula
basali obscura, tiiedio longitudinaliter carinato ; scutello iriangulari fluvescente ;
elytris piceis, 2Mllide marginatis, iricostatis; ventri pubescente, nitido, nigro,
nuirdo et sexto segtiientis plaga cerea ornatis, ultimo iriangulariter produclo,
punctis duobus basalibus flavidis nokdo ; pygidio ogivali.

* Voir uu pvcmier mumoii-e, \'ol. IL, 18'J.">. |i. 2y.

(2 )

? igaota.

Long. 15 mill.; hit. 6-5 mm.

Hah. Mexico.

Cette espfece est a peu-pres de la taille du picipennis GorL. EUe en differe
bien nettement par les caracteres suivants : sa tete est noire ; son protLorax ofiVe
k la base une tache quadrangulaire obscure ; ses dlytres sont bordees de testace piile
largement au bord externe, etroitement sur la suture, et sont, en outre, chargees de
trois cOtes longitudinales bien saillantes qui ne se prolongent pas jusqu'a Tangle
ajiieal, la me'diane dtant la plus longue et Tinterne la plus courte ; le sommet de ces
cotes ties trancbauts est de couleur brun testace.

Le C. elevatus se place dans la quatrifeme section du genre, section qui
comprend les especes dont le dernier segment ventral, chez le male, est retreci
pres du sommet en une pointe conique obtuse.* 1-e tableau de cette section
devra done i'tre ainsi complete : —

Pviiidium le'tjureinent bisinue : C. distiiiclas Em. Uliv. et C ovattui (jorh.

I'ygidium trilobe : C. concolw Perty et C 'pamialus Gorh.

I'Vifidium en oijive : C. devatuis Em. Oliv.

4. Luciola ambita sp. nov.

Oblonga, pubescens ; caplte uujiv ; antenuis, tibiis, tarsisque jnceis ; prothorace
rufo, transversa, convexo, punchdcUo, in medio longitudinaliter stdcato, antice
valde attenuato, luterihus arciuUis, bcisi recte truncato, angulis valde retro productis ;
sciUeUo triangidari, nigra, rufo lindxUo ; elytris prothorace kaud laliorlbihs, leviter
ampliatis, dense, profunde et seriatim punctatis, nigris, rufo circumdatis ; pectore,
femoi-ibusque rufescentibus ; abdoinine piceo, duobics ultimis segmentis cereis.

Long. 11 mm.; lat. 5 mm.

Hub. Ja\a, Sukabumi.

Cette esp^ce se rapprocbe de L. circumdata Jlotsch. ; niais elle en diflere
essentiellement par sa forme plus allongde, sa forte pubescence fauve, ses elytres
sans cotes saillantes, son ecusson en triangle aigu, noir avec une bordure d'un
rouge Have, etc.

5. Luciola humilis ^p. nov.

Augusta, nigra, pubescens ; prothorace rxifo, subquadrato, in medio antico
angidoso, basi recte truncato, angidis rectis, hand prominidis ; sciUello triangulari,
ru/o ; elytris prothm-ace parum latioribus, parallelis, rttgosis, costulalis : coxis et
femo'iiim basi rujis ; duobiis ultimis ventris segmentis cereis, ultimo haiiiidato apice
nigra.

]-ong. 7 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

JIab. Cairns, North Queensland.

Cette petite espece est voisine des L. pupilla Krii. Oliv. el microthorax Ern. Oliv. :
eUe en diflere par la coloration du ventre, qui n'otfre que deux segments blancs, au
Ueu de trois, et surtout par la forme lout autre du dernier segment; elle s'dcarte,
en outre de L. microtharax, par son prothorax plus ehirgi et la couleur rousse de son
ficusson.

• Voir mon " Ess-ii do Classification du genre Cratomorj/hut " in Soe. Eiit. France, 18'J» p. cilv

(■^ )

('. Luciola praestans sji. uov.

(Jhluiii/(i, riific,pidi(iscejifi ; capite aidenuisque niyris ; prothordcc rufo, 'Uicniiato.
in medio cancdiciikUo, margine antico rotundato, hasi recte trwacato, antjulis obtusis
'p-ominulis ; ncutello rv,fo trimigularl, apice obtuso ; etytris prothorace haud
kdioribus, elongatis, paraUelis, pundulatis, costulatis, nigris, sidimt tenuiter rufa ;
tarsis, tiblis, feviomiiique dimidiu parte piceifi ; ventria segmenth piceis. rufo
litnbatis, tribus idtlnds cereis, ultimo triangidari, apice inciso.

Long. 15 mm.; lat. 5 mm.

Hab. Stanley Pool, Congo.

Cette belle espece se jilace prfe.s de Vinsignin Ern. Oliv., dont elle se reoonnait
aisement a la couleur noire tie la tete et du bord marginal des olytrcs, k son dess-ous
rembruni, etc.

Cette de.scription e.st faite sur la ¥ ; le cj m'fst inconnu.

7. Photuris telephorina IVrty al). mixta al). nov.

Elytres flaves : une large tache noire couvre toute la base, sauf la cote suturale,
qui reste flave ; au deuxieme tiers de la longueur, une bande obliciue noire se joint a
la suture sans atteindre le Ixird externe et se proloiige en une fine bordure tout antonr
de Tangle apical.

Hab. Petropolis, une ? .

Je crois devoir signaler cette nouvelle modification bien caracterisee de cette
esptee si variable.

(4)

LAMPYniDES CAPTURES AU PARAGUAY PAR M. LE

DR. BOHLS.

Dbtebmi.nes et Decuits pab M. ERNEST OLIVIEK,
Menihre des Societfs Eiitomologiqims de France, de Londres, etc.

1. Lucio splendens Km. oliv.

Em. Uliv., Soc. Eat. Fr. 1885, p. 129, pi. 3, fig. 1 cj.

2 ? . La coloration du corps est la meme que chez le S : les articles des anlennes
sont appendicules .seulement d'un seul cot^ ; le dernier segment ventral est court,
triaugiilaire, incise au .-^oinniet.

2. Lamprocera extincta sp. nov.

(S. Omnino nirjra ; jjrotfwraceuHtice'iaacuiis duabus ru/ia ornato et tmiuisaime
rufo Umbalo ; irihus ultimis ventria segmentis in medio puncto fuLvo notatis.

Long. 20 mm. ; lat. hum. 9 mm.

Entierement noir a I'excejition de deux taches triangulaires rousses attenant au
hard anterieur du prothorax, d'une fine bordure rousse aux cotds de ce protliorax et
d'un petit point fauve au milieu de chacun des trois demiers segments du ventre.

:i. Ledocas xanthomus Krn. oliv.

Km. (^liv., I'^ioc. Ent. Fr. 1894, p. 23.

cJ. Les taches flave-orange de la base des ^Ijtres sont confluentes ; la sutiu-e est
semblablement colorde sur une tres petite longueur i partir du sommet de I'ecusson.

1. Dodacles nigricoUis (Jorh.

C'ladodea nigricoUi^ Gorh., Ent. Soc. Load. 1880, p. 8.
Dodacles nic/ricoUis Ern. Oliv., Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, p. 141, pi. 3, fig. fi.
S. Les deux points lumineux places a. chaijuc cotti du dernier segment ventral
sont bien accentufis sur un exemi)laire.

5. Dodacles erebeus .-^p. nov.

<J. Ater, opOjCus, idtimo ventrali aegmento pv/nctia duolnis cdbidis notato.

\jong. 12—16 ram. ; lat. 6 — 79 mm.

Cette espece est aussi obscure fpie Ledocas carhonariiis Ern. Oliv. Elle s'en
eloigne par la forme du prothorax et des (51ytres, ainsi cjue par hi sculpture de ces
demiJires.

6. Lucidota thoracica oli\.
Lampyria thoracica Oliv. Ent. II. Xo. 28, ]>. 27, |>1. 3, fig. 29.
Lo.mpyria 'ntellialthorax I'ert y, Del. an. art. \>. 27, t. (i, fig. (i.
Lucidota rulyi'icoUis Gorh., Ent. Soc. Lond. 1880, p. 19.

D'un noir brillant k Texception des parties de la bouche, de la base des antennes,
des jambes unt^rieures, qui sont plus ou moins jaunatres, et du prothorax, qui est

(5 )

(i'un beau rouge brillant. La femelle est uu peu plus grosse et les articles de ses
airtennes sont nioins longuement appeudicules. Le male a le dernier segment
ventral en carre transversal, avec une petite pointe triangulaire dans le milieu de
son bord post^rieur : de chaque c6t6, on remarque une tache jauntitre qui a du etre le
sifege de I'appareil lumineux pendant la vie de I'insecte. Le dernier segment ventral
de la femelle est triangulaire, largement ^chancre au sommet, jaunatre a la base.

.Te poss6de le tyfie du Lampyris thornclcu etiquets? de la main d'f)livier, et j'ai
\ii au Mus^e de Bruxelles le LucUoia rtiliricoliis de Gorliam. Je suis done certain
de la synonymie que je donne.

Cette espece a un habitat etendu. (In la trouve a la Plata et au Rresil, et elle
remonte au Nord dans I'Am^rique ceritrale jusqu"au Mexique.

Lucidotn bella Gorh. en differe par son dcusson fauve, par ses ^lytres cliargees
de cotes beaucoup plus saillantes, et par sa forme un pen ]>lus allongee.

7. Lucidota cucullata sp. nov.

cJ. Nigra, nitida ; ore et diiobus prlmis antcnnanini articulis ^>Jce/s ;
anteiinis compressis ; prothorace ogivali, apice erecto, lalerihus rugose pjunctatis,
iideis, macida discoidali nigra, angxdis posticis leviter retro pyrodibciis ; scidello
triaiigulari ; elytris elongatis, parallelis, crehre punetatis, nigris, margine externa
tenuiter lideo limhato ; coxis piceis, pedibus nigris ; idtimo ventrali segniento
duobus punciis htcidis ornato.

Long. 6 mm.

Var. Un exemplaire de ma collection, provenant du P(5rou, a la suture irhs
etroitement fauve sur une petite etendue au milieu de sa longueur.

8. Lucidota audax sp. nov.

(S. Omnino nigra, mandibidis jnceis et disco pjrothoracis minicdo, excepdis ;
antennis comp/ressis ; p/rothorace rotundalo, ba»i recte truncato, angidis obtusis ;
idtiino ventrali segniento in medio leviter producto, utri/nque picncto lucido
wnaio.

Long. 5 mm.

9. Lucidota tardita sp. nov.

i . Brunnea, nitida ; antennis paruni comp/ressis ; prothorace in medio antico
leviter angidoso, basi recte truncato, angulis fere rectis, rufescente, macula
discoidali antice dilatata nigra ; scidello piceo ; elytns brunneis, sutura et
margine externa tenvAter floxa limbatis ; coxis et fihiis piceis; tribus ultimis
ventris segmentis cereis, idtimo ptarvo, emarginato.

Long. 7 — 8 mm.

10. Lucidota misera sp. nov.

(S . Nigra; antennis comjjressis, serratis ; pivthwace ratundato, antice
attenwdo, basi leviter arcimto, angulis retro prod,iu:lis, marginibus crebre et
profunde p'anctatis, nigro, antice rufescente, disco dtud>us maculis oblongis
miniatis or'aato ; elytris bi-unneis, margiiu. externo anguste flavo, ante apicem
desinente ; penultimo ventrali segniento puncio medio lucido vrnato, ultimo
breviler producto.

Long. 65 mm.

(6)

1 1 . Phengodes uruguayensis Berg.

IJerg, Soc. Enf. Fr. 1886, p. lix.

Un seul exemiilaire (tj), qui diftere legei-emciit du type par son ])rofliorax
entiuremcnt noir, sans bordnre flaveseente.

12. Phengodes pallens Hoig.

Berg, Soc. Cient. Arr/entina, ISJSJ, p. 2:52.

Deux exemplaires (cJ) plus grauds que le tvpe quo je )l0^i^Me ; les elvtros sont
un peu plus longues et arrivent a la liauteur du troisit'ine segment abdominal.

y\. Bolils a capture en meme tenns deux larves que je crois etre cellos de ce
Phettgodes. En voici la description : Corps etroit, lineaire, d'un brun jauniitre
brillaut, herisst^ de longs poils roux epars sur le thorax, plus denses sur Fabdomen ;
veux, mandibules, et palpes noirs ; .segments tboraciques legerement d^i)rimds ;
abdomen cyliudrique, compost de dix segments d'egale dimension, sauf le dixieme,
qui est beaucoup ]ilns (Hroit, brun, et legferement echancrti a I'extremitsi ; pattes
courtes, mas.sives.

Lonsj. 13 — 14 uim.

13. Cratomorphus bifenestratus (Jorh.

(Torh, Enf. Soc. Lond. 1880, p. 34.

2 i. J"ai vu le iype de cette espece au Musee de Bruxellos. Le pygidium est
fortement trilobc- a lobe median large, trontjue carrement ; les latdraux, beaucoup
plus courts et plus ^troits, sont arrondis au sommet.

14. Aspidosoma fenestratum Bl.

Lampyris feneairata Bl., Voy. d'Orti. p. 111.

(J?. La taille de cette espfece est assez variaiilc Le type existe au Mus('uni
de Paris.

1'). Aspidosoma lineatum <iyU.

Lamjiyris lineata Gyll., Sch. Syi). In.s. App. p. 23.

Trcs commun au Brdsil. Ce n'est qu'une varietc cle \'A. hesperiivi de Linne.
Olivier, Fabricius.

l(i. Aspidosoma sticticum <iiMnm.

Aspidosovia sticticum Gemm., Col. Heft W. 1870.
Lampyins nuicidata Fabr., Oliv., Cast.

De Goer (1774) ayant dt'ja donn6 le nom de maculatwni k une espece d' Aspido-
soma, M. Gemminger a du changer le nom de I'espece de Fabricius, d'Olivier, etc.

1 7. Aspidosoma buyssoni Em. Oliv.

Em. Oliv., Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 9.5, pi. 1, Hg. 0.

Dccrit ^ur des exemplaires de uia collection et du Mnsiie de Bruxelles provenant
de la Eepublique Argentine.

( - )

18, Aspidosoma lepidum Gorh.

Gorh., Biol. Centr.-Amer. Malacod. p. 54.

Plusieuis exemjilaires legerement difterents du type en ce que la bordure
marginale des elytres est iin pen plus longuement proloiig^e et les faches lati^rales du
prothorax ne sont pas joiute.s ii la mediaue.

I'J. Aspidosoma boMsi sp. nov.

Ohiongitiii, ]dceum; j)rotli,orace subogivali, macula quadrnUi praescutdlnri
nir/ro et. rufo variegata ; scutello trumgulari, mfo ; elytris prothoraee vix lalimnlnts,
dein ampliatis, fttscis, rtiargine externa late pcdlido, ventri roseo, 6 iribiis ultmvls
aegmentis cereis, ? quinto mncula inediana jiava, ornnto.

Long. 8 — 89 mm.

Cette espeee ressemble beaucoup a une autre encore inedite {Aspidosoma
neglectivm Em. Oliv.), qui fait partie de ma collection et provient du Br^sil. Cette
derniere differe cependaut essentiellement de A. bohlsi parson prothorax bien arrondi
en avant, au lieu d'etre attenute en ogive, par ses f$l3'tres chargees de trois cntes
saillantes, a bordure marginale pen di.-tincte, et [jar la poitrine et le ventre, sauf les
segments lumineux, bruns.

20. Photuris fruticola .Motsch.

Tel epJi oroides fruticola Motsch., Et. Eat. 1854, p. 60.
Photnris trivialis Bohm., Eug. res. 1858, p. 77.
Espeee tres repandue au Br&il.

21. Photuris lividipenuis Motsch.

Bicellonycka Uvidipeivnis ]\Iotsch., Et. Ent. 1854, p. 58.
Aussi du Venezuela et du Bresil.

22. Photuris signifera Kirsch.

Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 18G5, p. 78.
Ern. Oliv., Soc. Ent. Fr. 1886, p. 243, pi. 3, fig. 16.

(Test avec doute que je rapjiorte a cette espeee uu unique individu (?) en
mauvais ('tat.

23. Photuris lurida Kirsch.

Kirsch, Berl. Erd. Zeit. 1865, p. 76.

Em. Oliv., Soc. Ent. Fr. 1886, p. 244, pi. 3, fig. 17.

Aussi en Colombie.

(8)

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORNITHOLOGY OF THH

PAPUAN ISLANDS.

By the HON. WALTER KOTH.SCllILD .\nd ERNST IIARTERT.

(The work of these " contributions" is so divided that Walter Kothschild wori<s out
the families Pamdiseidae, Ptilonorhi/nchidae, aud liallidae, while K. Hartert
alone is responsible for the rest.)

I.

LIST OF tiii;ke s>l\ll collections from bhitisii new guinea,

MOSTLY LKOUGIIT TOGETHER IN THE OWEN ST.\NLEV MOINTAINS.

(Plate I.)

ONE of these collections was made liy our collector Anthony in the Maihi District
during the months of .July and August; another in tlie Eafa District between
Mounts Alexander and l'ie41amy, in eh'vations of from .5000 to 6000 feot, in October ;
and the third consisted of some skins from higli elevations in the Victoria District,
which were purchased in London.

Anthony left Port Moresby for the first trip on June 12th, 1895, aud reached
Mailu after a very long and bad passage in a small boat. He started inland on
•Inly Cth, marched about twenty-five miles through broken country towards Mount
Dayman, formed a camp, and collected for two weeks. He then made another march
of about twenty-five miles, and collected ten days. A third march of about ten miles
brought him to the foot of the mountains, where he stojjped five days, but found
birds very scarce, while insects were more abundant. He then ascended the top of
the range, where he collected three days with very little success in birds. He wished
to descend on the other side and to collect on the north-eastern slopes, but the
report of the murder of the Clarke Expedition so frightened the natives that they
would not proceed. He therefore followed the range in a south-easterly direction and
collected another three weeks, in very bad weather, rain pouring almost every day,
while the hills were continually envelojied in fog. After these three weeks he pro-
ceeded to Orangery Bay, where he reached the coast again in a place about twenty-five
miles to the east from where he started inland, and collected a short time near the
coast. Port Moresby was reached again early in September. All the birds were
collected in July and August, some having exact dates, others not. All the birds
from the second trip were collected in October, inland from Port JNloresby, in what is
called the Eafa disti'ict, between Mounts Alexander and Bellamy, in heights of about
5000 to 6000 feet. Tlie collector says he could have reached higlier elevations if his
natives had not refused, but they declared they could not bear the cold, and the
hill-tribes seemed not to know what to make of the party, as their district had not
been visited before by strangers. Besides he seems to consider the time of the year
unfavourable for shooting, aud it rained "night and day."

No particulars could be obtained with regard to the few skins bought in I.ontlon,
but there were some very good things among them.

Craspedophora intercedens Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. X\I. p. 444 (1882).
A series of males from Mailu aud E'afa districts. The breast^shield varies in
certain lights from metallic green to blue. The wings are 183 — 191 mm. long; the
bill very constant, varying in length only about 3 mm.

NoVITATfiS ZoOLOGIC^ Voi^illJSBG .

Pi.

JG KeulenvuK cW «, HWi

1. AMBLYORNIS INOHNATA (ScH) 2. A SUBALARIS Shafpe.
3 &. 4 . A F I. AVI FRON S RotKsch

lAintern Boss . injp

(9)

This sjiecies is at once distinguishable from C. magnltica of North-Western
New Guinea by the base of the culmen being entirely hidden by the frontal feathers,
which unite on each side, as proi)erly remarked by Sharpe in his new Monograph of
the Paradiaeidae. The bill is also a little shorter, the breast-shield of a less metallic
gloss, but these differences are trifling. Birds from German New Guinea (Con-
stantinhafen, Simbang, and the Finisterre Mountains) are entirely similar to those
from British New Guinea. \V. R.

Drepanornis albertisii cervinicauda Sd., P. Z. B. 1883, \\. 578.

Tvio fc nudes shot on July 19th and iilst, 1895, near Orangery Bay, and a good
series of both sexes from the Eafa district. The ivis is given as brown, feet grey,
bill black. Dr. Sclater most appropriately called this bird, when he first named it,
a subspecies, and bestowed upon it a trinomial. As such it must stand, the only
obvious differences between the 7)ude of it and the Arfak -bird being the lighter
rump and tail ; and the colour of the latter is by no means absolutely constant,
neither in the darker nor in the paler species, though the former is always recog-
nisable. The differences stated to exist in the colour of the crown and on the tips of
the side-plumes are minute, and not (juite constant in a large series. A constant
difference in the length and thickness of the bill seems not to exist. The fenude of
the Arfak bird is darker and more rufous above. All this seems not to indicate more
than a well-marked subspecies. W. R.

Epimachus meyeri Finsch.
Both sexes from the Eafa and Victoria districts.

Astrarchia stephaniae Finsch.

Both sexes of this magnificent fiird from the Eafa and Victoria districts. The
/emaies do not differ in structure from those of Astrapia nigra, but only in
colour. The genus, therefore, is hardly of much value. W. I>.

Paradisornis rudolphi Finsch & Meyer.

Both sexes of this glorious bird from the Eafa district and .Alount ^■ictoria. lu
October mcdes were in full plumage, while others had their long tail-feathers not
developed and a female was in full moult. ^\ . R.

Paradisea raggiana Sil., /'. Z. S. 1873, [ii>. 5.59, ()97.

A fine series of adult nudes from the ^lailu district, all very constant in colour,
except that in two specimens the straw-yellow colour of the Iiind-neck extends nuicii
less down towards the back than usual. All are in full nuptial ijlumage, except one
which has only short side-plumes and one which has none at all. The wing is mostly
about 185 mm. long, the shortest being 183 and 181 mm. long, while a few have
longer wings, i.e. 187, 19l), and one even 194. W. R.

Cicinnurus regius (Linn.).

A large series of nudes smd feiiudes from Mailu. Female : " Eye brown, feet pale
blue, beak yellow."

I have now before me in the Tring Museum many specimens of Cicinnurus
regius, about thirty of them with e.xact localities, from Mailu and Nicura in

( 10)

British New Guinea, Simbang and Constantinhafen in German New Gninea, from
Arfak, ."-'alwatti, Mysol, and Am Island, and I find that they are very constant on
the whole, and have the forehead and the feathers on the bill light orange, quite
different from the rest of the upperside. The specimens from Jobi Island difler
obviously in having the short feathers on the bill produced farther towards the tip,
thus lea\-ing a smaller piece of the bill unfeathered, in having these feathers a little
longer, much darker, and of the same colour as the liack. These characters can be
seen at a glance, and certainly are important enough to establish a subspecies upon.
As there is a slight variation in the colour and extension of these parts, we may
fairly expect that intermediate forms will occur, and therefore had better call
the Jobi form a subspecies only, although my specimens are so obviously different.
Salvadbri was the first to notice the differences of .Jobi specimens (Ornit.olof)in
Papuasia II. p. 650), and his seven specimens were evidently alike. A. B. Meyer
(Zeitschr. f. ges. Omithol. III. p. 36, 1886) also recognises the same characters as
being peculiar to the ,Tobi Island specimens, and states that a Kafu skin showed the
same peculiarity, but had a very yellowish red tail. (iuillemard (P. Z. S. 1886,
p. 656) also describes the .lobi bird as differing from the others, but the size' of the
supraocular spot and the violet tinge of the throat vary, and are therefore of no
consequence. For the Jobi bird I propose the name of

Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons Kothsch., subsp. nov.

I may also mention that the one Aru skin I have is large, the wing longer than
in anv of my other specimens, the na?al jihunes rather short and yellowish.
Guillemard (P. Z. S. 1886, p. 656) mentions the same character, and therefore I
should very much like to compare a series of specimens from .\ru. W. E.

Diphyllodes hunsteini Meyer.
A mttle in moult and two females from the Eafa district, which seem to
belong to D. htinateini Meyer. W. K.

Parotia lawesi Rams.
Of this excellent species I have received a large series from the Eafa district.
The most important character to distinguish it from P. sexpennis seems to me the

white frontal plumes on the top of the bill, extending right to the front. Between
the two rows of white nasal plumes is a long upright crest of black feathers with a

( 11 )

strong browny gloss, not hitherto recognised in any figure of this bird, and laid hack
in most of the skins seen by me, but standing up as in the accompanying figure in
some of my new skins ; and this is evidently its proper position, though the bird may
be able to lay it back sometimes. NV. R.

Lophorina minor Rams.

A fine series from the Eafa district, shot at elevations of about 5000 to 6000
feet. The males have the wing from 124 to 136, but mostly about 130 — 132, mm. in
length, the tails from 89 to 100. The adn]t female has the wing about 112 — 118, mostly
about 115. The young male is entirely similar to the female in colour, but can be
' distinguished by its longer wing. The black feathers of the adult male begin to
.show at an early age in large patches above and below, and some black remiges and
rectrices appear irregularly, but the feathers of the brilliant green lireast-shield and
the velvety mantle-plumes evidently come later.

This species was first described as L. superha minor, but it must evidently
stand as a good species. The m,ale can be distinguished at a glance by the very
conspicuous black centres to the upper feathers of the breast-shield. Besides this,
the wino- is shorter, the longest of the mantle-plumes are broader at their tips, and
there are some more differences, as pointed out by Kamsay and Meyer (cf. Zeitschr.
f. ges. Ornith. II. p. 376, PL XVII. ; III. p. 180 ; Ibis, 1886, p. 244, etc.). The female
differs entirely from that of L. superba in the colour of the upperside, and in having
a broad superciliary line of whitish spots running towards the occiput. W. K.

Phonygama purpureoviolacea Meyer.

Three skins from the Eafa district, (Jctober 1895, 5000—6000 feet. "Iris red^
feet and bill black." This is the finest of the known species of Phonygama. It
inhabits the mountains of British Xew Guinea, while Ph. hunsteini Shaqie (= Ph.
ihomsoni Tristr.) lives in the D'Eutrecasteaux Group, Ph. goiddi in Queensland,
and Ph. keraudreni is said to occur all over New Guinea and the Aru Islands ! I
am much in want of good specimens of the last two species, witli exact localities
and dates.

The male is apparently larger than the/«7/if(/e. W. H.

Manucodia atra (Less.).
Mailu district; several specimens of both sexes.
The males are considerably larger than the females. NN'. H.

CUamydodera cerviniventris Gould.
Mailu ; both sexes.

" Eye grey, feet brown, bill lilack." The luale seems to be distinctly larger tlian
the female. ^^ • 1^-

Aeluroedus melanocephalus Ramsay.
Typical skins from Mailu and \"ictoria districts.

Amblyornis inornata (Schleg.).

.4. niacgrefjitriae de Vis.

A. mu8(jravianus Goodwin.
I am sorry to say that I cannot any longer distinguish between A. inwnata and
A. macgregorifie (or A. musgravianus, as one may call it, both names being pub-
lished in 1890).

( 12 )

For a long time, from 1871 to 1894, no specimen of Aniblyomis inwnata with
a crest was known, though Bruijn's hunters, D'Albertis, and others had brought many
females and males out of the Arfak region. In 1884 Sharpe described the totally
distinct A. snixdaris, also from a female (or young male), without any sign of a
crest, but soon afterwards I-'insch & Jleyer made us acquainted with the beautifully
crested moie. In 1890 the names of jl. vnacgregwiae &i\A A. miisgravianv^ were
given to crested males from the mountains of British New Guinea, but no specimens
of that form reached Europe until this year. As late as 1894 a crested male of
A. inornata was first made known by Meyer, and I have since acquired seven. Quite
lately came, among some birds sent for sale to London from the Victoria district,
two mal«8 which fully agreed with the description of ^4. macijregai'iae (that of
.4. musgrnvianus being very incomiilete and in general terms). Tliev wore very much
like the Arfak birds, but the crest decidedly shorter, and the whole bird rather small.
Comparing my specimen (the other is in the British Museum) with the series of
A. inornata from Dutch New Guinea, I soon anticipated that they would probably
be not more than subspecies. I was, therefore, not a little surprised when in the
last collection from the Eafa district I found a beautiful male, with a crest fully
as long as any of those from Arfak, and not different in size! I now give the
measurements of the crested nudes at present in my collection in niillimfetres : —

CREST.

WING.

TAIL.

TARSUS.

1. S ad. Arfak Region

95

137

96

35

2. (J ad. Arfak Region

95

142

97

35

3. (J ad. Arfak Region

94

136

95

35

4. (J ad. Arfak Region

96

136

None.

36

.">. J apparently iuhilt. .\rfak Rt-gion

Not fully
developed.

135

95

36

6. (J ad. Northern Coast of Dutch New Guinea I
(?Arfak) 1

86

140 :i<i

35

7. rT ad. Northern Coast of Dutch New Guinea I
' \ 10 1

00

142 91

36
34

8. cf id. .\It. Victoria, Owen Stanley Moniitains

--.

1
132 90

9. <J ad. Eafa District, between Jits. Alexander (
and Bellamy, .J-GOOO feet. October 1895 (

95

137 93

35

On the upperside is no remarkable difference in colour between any of these, but beneath
Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, fi are somewhat more rufous, and No. 7 is exactly between these and the paler
ones, which are Nos. 3, 8, 9.

One more reason not to attach great importance to the length of crest in
this Amhlywnis is that it is not constant in A. snbalnris.

Crestless si^ecimens from Arfak (Bruijn coll.) have mostly shorter wings, and
these are apparently /ema/ee, while some, evidently young 'nudes, have the wings as

( 13 )

long as the crested tiudes. The very different descriptions of the " bowers " of the
two supposed species are rather puzzling at present, and we should try to learn more
about it, but if the birds cannot be distinguished our present knowledge of the
differences in their bowers cannot constitute their distinctness. W. K.

Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe.

A series of beautiful 'nudes and feiiudes from Eafa and Victoria districts. The
crest is 60 to 65 mm. long, but in one 70. In some skins it is pointed to a sharp
angle, but in others not. This is apparently due to preparation. The /em«?es have
the wing a little shorter.

The iilate iUustrates the diflerences of the three recognised species : A. inonidia,
A. sidjcdaris, and A. fluvifrons (see Nov. ZooL. II. p. 480). W. 1!.

Loria niariae (de Ms).

One female from the Eafa district ; on the label : " Kye grey-black, feet greenish,
bill black." This bird entirely agrees with the descriptions of Cneniophilus niariae ?
and Loria Icn'icte Salvadori, but, as it has no wattles at the angle of the mouth, it
would pro[ierly belong to L. 'iitariue (de Vis). I, however, have a male from the Arfak
region which exactly agrees with the male of De ^■is's species, only the metallic
sheen on the inner secondaries is slightly more greenish. In view of this wide
distribution, which is the same as that of Amhlyornis inornata, I cannot at present
believe that Loria loriae and Loria vuiriae are really two different species. \V. R.

Oriolus striatus (,!uoy it Gaim.
Three skins from Mailu. Iris dark red, bill red, feet bluish.

Mino dumonti Less.
? ad. One skin from Maihi. " P^ye, feet, beak yellow." Wing 143 mm.

Calornis metallica ( T'-mui).
? ad. Mailu. Iris red. Wing 1(14 mm.

Paramythia montium de Ms.

;\Iount Victoria ; one perfect skin, not sexed. Another in the British Jluseum.
Sclater has given an admirable figure by Keulemans in the IMs of this marvellous
bird. He there proposed, under reserve, to create a new family Paramythidae for
this bird, chiefly for the reasons that the covering of the tarsus differed from that of
the Stuniiilne (under which family it was classed liy its first deseriber) and that it
seemed to him (judging from an imperfect wing) that there was no first primary, or,
better said, that it had only nine primaries. It is true that tiie tarsus, with the
exception of its lowest part, is covered by an unbroken lamina, while it is covered
througliout with a number of very distinct scales in the Slurnidae, and the tarsus
and toes are very slender in comparison with those of the Slurnidae. On the wing,
however, I find that the first primary is not quite absent, though very much reduced.
It is stifi" and narrow, about 8 or 9 mm. long, and certainly not "functionary"
as a flight-feather. Nevertheless it is there, and tlie difierence between it and the
first (or tenth, as it is called by some authors) primary of Sturmis vidcjaris, where
it is about 15 mm. long, is less than that between Stwnus vulgaris and Lamprocolius

( 14)

'phoenicopterus, where it is about 32 nmi. long, though both the latter are recognised
as Shirnidae. How uncertain the length of the first primary as a familj' character
is, may be seen by comparing it, for example, in PholicUiuges verretnuci (14 mm.),
CalaiTiis vietallica (14 mm.), Streptocitta torquata (19 mm.), Acridolherea iristis
(25 mm.), Gracula robusta (40 mm.), Gi-dcula juvanica (31 mm.), Mino dumonti
(30 mm.), Basilomis (25 mm.), and others, as well as comparing different species
and genera of Alaudidae. I was rather surprised to find that in the so-called nine-
(juilk'd (or rather, nine-primaried !) Passeres the tenth primary is not always, nay,
not even as a rule, and very likely never, entirely absent, but only much reduced,
and often difficult to find, because stift" and narrow and hidden by its longer covert.
From these reduced little feathers to those of Pholidaiiges, Stumibs, or Color ids is
no longer step than from the latter to Acridotheres, Basilomis, and Gracula. How-
e\er wide the gap between total absence and development of an organ may be
considered, it is wholly unscientific to use its presence in a diminutive size as a
character to separate large groups, such as families, when we see that in the groups
which we recognised it varies as wide as the difference is between its size in the
families where it was called "absent " and the smallest in the families where it was
called " present." I am very sorry that these facts exist, because they take from us an
apparently very convenient character to split up into groups a number of the many
" Passerine birds," which, in spite of the many clever attempts to classify them,
will long remain a crux of ornithologists. Finally, I am bound to mention (and this
should and will be known to ornithologists) that what I saw is no new discovery, but
has long liefore been laid before the Zoological .Society of London in an important
paper entitled " Remarks on the Numbers and on the Phylogenetic Development of
the Kemiges of Birds," by Hans Gadow. See Proc. Zool. Sac. Land. 1888, p. C55.

The creation of the family of Pdrdrnythidae may be justified for other reasons,
but the minute size of the first jjrimary cannot be taken as an important reason for
it. The measurements of our specimen are: wing 103 mm., tail 105, tarsus 30,
entire culmen 20. K. H.

Rhectes nigrescens Schleg.
A female from the I>;afa district difl'ers from a. female from Arfak in a decidedly
longer bill. As Jleyer (ZeUschr. f. yes. Ornith. III. p. 21) mentions some slight
diflferences between males from the two different localities, it is quite possible that
they are not the same, but more material is necessary to decide finally. E. H.

Pomareopsis bniijni (Sahad.).

1875. GruUiim hi-uljni Salvarl.. .\,i,i. .Mn.<. Cir. („«.,« VII. p. 'J:>9 ; id.. Oni. Pajiiiasiu 11. p. 191

Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. .Miu. III. p. 273 ; id., in Gould's B. New Giiiiim III. pi. VA.
1880. Pomureopsiit semiatm Oust., Bull Ass. Sci. tie Fraiim p. 17.S.
1894. SijinmnrpUus uiijripixtus i&yis, Report on New Guinea 1894, Rep. uii Urnith. Sjiecim. p. 4, No. 44.

I believe that the three synonyms quoted here really belong to the same .sjjecies.
The description and measurements of Symmm'phus nujripeclua so closely agree with
tliis species tliat I cannot help regarding it as synonymous for the i)resent, though
I hope to be enlightened on the .subject by our fellow-worker Mr. de Vis, to whom
we owe so much of our knowledge of birds from South-Eastern Xew iTuinea.

The Tring Museum has if from the Mailu and Victoria districts. K. II.

Monachella mlilleriana (Schleg.).

¥. JMailu, .iuly ilHli, lSt».j. -Iris, feet, lieak dark brown." ^Ving 9(i mm.

( 15 )

CoUuricincla megarhyncha (Quoy & Gaim.).
S. Mailu, July 'M)i\\, 189.5. "Iris dc-rp brown, bill and feet dark grey."
Wing 92 mm.

Melanocharis bicolor Kams.
? . Mailu. " Iris grey, feet and beak brown." Wing 67 mm.

Pachycephala schlegeli obscurior Ilartert subsp. nov.
The south-eastern representative form of the Pachycephala schlegeli typica from
the Arfak region of New Guinea, of which two males are at hand for comparison
with fifteen males from Ai'fak, difiers only from the latter in having the abdomen
of a deeper tawny orange, which colour seems also to be extended farther on towards
the sides, in haviug a larger black chin-spot, and the white of the throat less in
extent. We have it from the Eafa district from heights of oUOO to 6000 feet, and
from the Victoria district Mr. de Vis has had siiecimens from 6000 to 8000 feet.
Wing. 85 mm. E. H.

Myzomela rosenbergi Schleg.
Two from the Eafa district, not distinguishable from a large series from Arfak
in the Triug Museum. K. H.

Ptilotis visi Hartert sp. nov.

Ptilotis, speeiei P. chrysotis dictae similis, sed corpore sui)ra et alis rufescen-
tioribus, guiture pallidiove, regione supra-auriculari pallidiore facile distinguenda.

Hub. Nova Guinea meridionali.

This species has been mixed up with P. Jiligera Gould, from North Que'ensland,
by Salvadori, Gadow (cf. Omit. Papaasla II. p. 345; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. IX. p. 237),
and others, but it is not typical P. filigera from Queensland (Cape York), from
which it dififers in being much darker above and below, the top of the head not being
grey but greenish oli\e, the breast being washed with greenish olive, the white mark
above the ear-coverts indistinct, if visible at all, the whitish grey spots on the nape
smaller and sometimes quite absent. In fact Ptilotis visi is nearer to P. chrysotis
of North-Westeru New Guinea, from which it difiers in the quite different colour of
the upper parts, which are strongly washed with rusty rufous, the paler chin and
throat, the jjaler ear-coverts, the paler Hue above the ear-coverts (which is almost
black in P. chrysotis), and generally in the presence of some greyish spots on the
nape. The breast is also less greenish (though distinctly so), the wings more rufous
outside and with much broader inner rufous margins. The type of P. visi is from
the Mailu district, from where the Tring :Museam has four beautiful skins; but we
have also specimens q, u, v, r, x of Salvadori's list (I.e. p. 346), wliich I consider to
belong to this species, as well as two skins fi'om the Fly River which seem to belong
to the same form, although the white mark above the ear-coverts is rather distinct
and the region above it ratlier dark. They may be subspecilically distinct, but. more
material is required from that place to decide that question. We have also two
skins from A\'okan, Aru Islands, which are not P. visi, but nearer to P. filigera.
They are, however, skinned after having been preserved in spirits of wine (see
Salvadori, I.e. \>. 346), and therefore not much weight can be attached to their

( 16 )

coloiation, but thev are certainly nearest to P. filii/era, from which they will
jirobiibly dift'er in some sliglit points only.

1'. visi 6 ad. (tyi^e) : Bill black. Upperside greenish olive, strongly washed
with rufous on the interscapulium, back, and rump, but strongest on the inter-
scapuliuni. Keniiges deep brown, outer webs narrowly bordered with rusty olive,
inner webs liroadly margined with rufous, specially towards the base. Wing-coverts
rufous brown, margined with rusty rufous. Under wing-coverts light rufous.
Kectrices deep brown, narrowly margined with olive on the outer webs, broadlv
bordered and tipped with rufous. Under the eye a short whitish line. Ear-
coverts greyish, bordered above with an often indistinct line of whitish, below
with a long golden-yellow line. Chin and throat pale brownish grey ; rest of under
surface rufous brown, with a greenish olive wash on the breast, and without anv
distinct spots. Nape generally with some pale greyish spots. Total length about
180 mm., a. 92 — 97, c. 80 — 85. Salvadori's Xaiabui specimens have the wing mostly
a little longer. t)ld skins are not so bright as our fresh ones.

It is not impossible, of course, that all these forms may one day, when a large
material comes to hand, be regarded as subs))ecies only, but at present they must
most decidedly be kept separate. I am obliged to Mr. Ogilvie Grant, who went over
our birds with me in the British Museum, and who is likewise of the opinion that
Plilotis filigera, F. chrysotis, and P. visi, the last of which stands somewhat in
the middle between the two others, are three different species.

I named the new form after Mr. de Vis, of the Queensland Museum, whose
different articles on the collections made during 8ir William Macgregor's expeditions
have greatly enlarged our knowledge of the birds of British New Guinea. E. H.

Melirrliophetes belfordi de Vis.

S. Kafa district, between Mount Alexander and Mount Bellani)-, oUOO to (iUOO
feet, October 1895. " Eye brown, bill dark brown, feet grey." This specimen agrees
well with the description of Mr. de Vis. E. H.

Melirrhophetes ochromelas batesi Sharpe.

One adult specimen from the Mailu .Mountains. The Melirrhophetes from the
mountains of B)ritish New Guinea was named M. batesi by Sharpe, but when he did
so he did not have a specimen of AJ. ochromelas to compare, but had to go merely by
the description of Meyer and Gould's figm'e of that sjiecies. Mr. Grant and 1 have
comjiared the two forms, of which there are now specimens both at Tring and in the
British Museum ; and we did not find any other tangible difference than the colour
of the stripe above and behind the bare space surrounding the eye and the tips of
the upper ear-coverts. These are pale buff in M. ochromelas from Arfak, and rufous
fawn-colour in M. batesi. Perhaps the breast and abdomen are also a shade darker in
M. ochromelas, but it requires a series of fresh specimens to decide whether that has
any constancy. It is very doubtful to me whether these slight differences will be
found to be constant when some series from the countries between Arfak and the
Owen Stanley Mountains come to hand, and the safest course seems to treat these
forms as subspecies, thus recording the fact that the forms from the extreme points
of their distribution are slightly different ; while we may take it for granted that
intermediate forms will be found. E. H.

C IT )

Centropus menebeki TiO^s. of Oain.

r^ ml. :\railn dishii-t. Aut,ni>t .•jfli, 189o. ■'Iris pink." Wing •2?,0 mm.,
tail 'M>5.

Sauromarptis gavxdichaud (t^'aoy & Gaim.).

Dacelo iiaiulichainl Quoy & Gaim., Vnij. Aiil. ,1. Miiwh ZiKil. p. 112. PI. XXY. (1>*24).

Mailu.

The name of tbis large kingfisher is S. [/niuUchaAid, and not »S'. guudlchaudi,
as spelt by modern ornithologists. IMessrs. Qiioy & Gaimard spelt it without an i,
and there is no reason to alter their spelling.

No white on the back in our specimens from British Xew Guinea, but we have
one from Aru and one from (ierman New Guinea, collected by Kubary, which have
also no white on the bade. The lilue in our bird from Constantinhafen {S. kubaryi
]Meyer, Ihis, 1890, p. 414) is in no way more whitish or silvery cobalt than in others,
but its bill is larger than in any other specimen before me. S. huhdvyl is certainly
not a species, but it may possibly stand as a local subspecies. K. H.

Dasyptilus pesqueti (Less.).

Two specimens from ]Mailu. In comparing these skins and one from the Owen
Stanley .Mountains with one from Constantinhafen, German New Guinea (Kubary
coll.), and sixteen from the Arfak region (Arfak, Dorey), I cannot find any constant
differences. Females are smaller, but I cannot see that the red colour is less bright ;
it is, however, absent on the .side of the occiput in one female. E. H.

Neopsittacus puUicauda Hartert sp. nov.

Speciei Xeojrjsittacvs iiniHscherdyfoeld dictae similis, sed occipite nuchaque
obscuriore, cauda supra obscuriore, infra virescente (nee ochraceo-flavo vel aurantio),
breviore, distinguendiis.

Hab. Owen Stanley ^Mountains (type from the Victoria district).

The Neopsittacus of the mountains of British New Guinea differs from K.
musschenbroeki Schleg. from the Arfak Mountains in the hinder part of crown,
occiput, and uape being dark green, with a \ery slight brownish red wasli and some
very faint yellowish streaks, while these parts are olive-brown with a strong orange
shade and very distinct yellow shaft-stripes in N. mussclienbroelil. The tail is a little
shorter than in the latter, of a. much darker green above and without an indication of
orange tips, below dark brownish green instead of ochre-yellow or orange. It seems
also that the red on the breast and middle of abdomen is much more extended, but
this character varies with age. Mr. C. W. de ^'is, in the Report on Ornitholof/ic(d
Specimens collected in British Neiu Guinea oi 1894, mentions on p. 1 that he liad
specimens of a parrot collected on ]Mount Manaeao, at elevations of 5000 and 5650 feet,
in April, which he " referred with diffidence to N. musschenhroeki" as he noticed
some peculiarities, but the characters he mentions, viz. a yellow bill and tlie green
of the outermost tail-feather being confined to the base of the outer web, are not
clear. The bill in the skin before me is orange-yellow, and the extent of the deep
red colour in the rectrices is the same as in i\'. raiisschenbroeki, where, however, it
varies a little. Its total length is about 190 mm., the wing 102 mm., tail 80 mm.,

tur.sus 12 mm. ''- H-

2

( 18)

Psittacella brehmi pallida Clever.
A. B. :Me_ver in Zeitschr. f. i/es. Ornitli. 111. p. 3 (1880) described as a new
sjiecies from some females from British New Guinea PsHtncdla pallida, because it
(iift'ered from females of P. brehmi from Dutch New Guinea in being paler and
washed with greyish on the throat and sides of the head, and in having a shorter
tail. Salvador! aftemards (ef. Gat. B. Brit. Mus. XX. p. 499, 1891) declared
that he had not been able to detect any difference between the supposed two species.
We have now received three maks from tlie Eafa district, and, comparing them with
three malen and four females from Arfak, I find that they differ from the latter in
liaving the throat and sides of the head paler and with a slight greyish wash, and in
being more \ellowisli green on the breast and abdomen, while the 7iorth-westeni
Inrds are more grass-green. These characters are quite noticeable in the specimens
before me, but as they are not quite constant they can hardly be considered to justify
a specific separation, but they seem constant enough for a subspecijic distinction.
I may add that there is no great difference in the lengtli of the tail or in size,
thougli P. h. jjalllda is a little smaller as a rule, l^e W^ {Rep<n-l, 1894) mentions
some doubtful specimens which seem to belong to a third form, to judge from his
remarks. E. H.

Charmosyna stellae .Meyer.
Males and females from the Eafa district and Mount ^■ictoria.

Accipiter cirrhocephalus (VieilL).
An evidently perfectly adult 'male, with the wing 185 mm. long, fi'om .Mailu.

Falco severus Horsf.

A fine skin from Mount Mctoria. Some of the old feathers on the underside
are paler, and have longitudinal black spots, which are proljably tlie remainder of the
immature plumage. The rectrices have a narrow rufous terminal border. E. H.

Falco ernesti Sharpe.

A beautiful male (though marked fenutle on the label by mistake) from the
Eafa district, October 1895. " Iris brown, feet and cere yellow."
The Tring ISIuseum has also a, female from .\rfak.

Reinwardtoenas reinwardti gi-iseotincta Hartert subsp. no\-.

Comparing specimens of Reinwa/rdtoenus reinwardti from S.E. New Guinea,
Kaiser-NVillielnisland, Arfak, Waigiu, and the Moluccas, I find that the .Moluccan
birds are much more white on head, neck, and breast, and have more dark feathers on
the wing-coverts, besides being a trifle smaller as a rule ; wliile the birds from New
Guinea have the head, neck, and breast of a much darker grey, more rufous on the
wing-coverts, and are jierhaps a little larger. Waigiu specimens stand somewhat
between Moluccan and Papuan specimens in the darkness of the neck and breast,
but belong rather to the latter. Of the New Guinea specimens it may be said that
tho.se from Arfak seem to be a little lighter tiian those from the Eastern and Southern
parts of the island, where they are of the darkest grey. In any case, however, the

( 19 )

.Akiluccan bird is easily recognisable as being whiter, and it is therefore desirable to
give the Papnan bird a subspecific name. I do not know the R. minor Schleg. from
the island of Misori in the Geelvink Bay, but R. hrovnii (Scl.) is a very distinct
species. Count Salvadori, to whom we owe so much of our knowledge of the Papuan
Islands, has already (see Ornitol. Papiuts. III. p. 128) pointed out. some differences
between Moluccan and Pa];iuan specimens, but gave no new name, as he did not
consider such local forms important enough to give them a name. E. H.

Goura albertisii Sahad.
Two typical specimens from Mailu.

II.

NOTE ON TWO MOKE SPECIMEX,^ OF ASTRAPIA SPLEiXDlDISSIMA.

Since I described and figured this .splendid bird in Vol. II. of this journal, I
have received two more nudes, which are quite complete. The central rectrices are
185 and 210 mm. long, cream-colour with black tips for 70 and 81 mm., and
onlv 1'5 inch (= 38 mm.) longer than the next pair. The wings of these specimens
measure about 5'\r> inches (= 130 mm,). W. R.

III.

ON THE FORMS OF MAGROPTERYX MYSTACEA.

When arranging the Swifts in the Tring Museum I found two specimens, a riuile
and a female, of Macropteryx niystacea, collected on the island of Guadalcanar
by ]Mr. Woodford, and recorded by Grant in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loiul. 1888, p. 194-
They struck me at once by having a uniform grey imderside, while M. niystacea
from other localities have the middle of the abdomen white and a good deal of white
on the lower tail-coverts. On further examination I found that the wings of the two
Solomon Island specimens were aliout three-quarters of an inch, or about 20 mm. ,
shorter. These differences, if the two specimens are compared with a number of
New Guinea specimens of M. ni,ystacea, are so obvious that I should not have hesi-
tated f,o describe them as a species had I not found that both the length of the wing
and the colour of the under parts vary to a certain extent in J/, niystacea. So I find
thai the Moluccan specimens have the wings mostly shorter than those from New
Guinea, and the extent of the white colour on the abdomen varies ahso. There are
a skin from ]5uru and one from Ceram in the British Museum which have very
little white on the belly only. Nevertheless the Guadalcanar birds are striking
enough to deserve a subspecific name, and I propose for them that of

Macropteryx mystacea woodfordiana llartert subsp. nov.

It differs from M. myatucea typica from New Guinea in the uniform grey under tail-
coverts and abdomen (without white in the middle) and the shorter wing. It
has the wings 8-21 inches ( = 208 mm.) and 8-15 inches ( = 20G-5 mm.), the tails
7 and 7'.5 (=177'5 and 190 mm.). 1 think it is quite po.s.sible tiiat the Jloluccan
birds will be separated subspecifically at one time or another, Init at present 1 have
not sufficient matt-rial to decide, and I find too much variation in size, while I can

(20)

see no differences in coloiu-. The species was first described from New (iiiinea, and
ti»e l'iii)uan form must therefore stand as Macropteryx mystocea lypiai. I ha\c
measured the following specimens from Xew Guinea and adjacent islands :—

Wing.

1. Mailu district, Hritish New Guinea

2.

3. „

4. Kafu

5- „

fi. Andai, Dutch New (iuin

7. Man si man, Arfak...

H. Arfak Mountains...

9. Owen Stanley Mountain:

10. ny Kiver

11. .Toiii I.sland

12. Waigiu

1:5. Port Moresby
14. .\i-u Islands

The following from Duke of Yor

1. Duke of York

2. New Ireland

From the Moluccan Islands :—

k and New Ireland :

1.

Ilalnialieini

2.

Huru

• >.

.\niboina ..

•1.

Buru

5.

Halmaheira

6.

Biu-u

7.

»» ■*

8.

>)

9.

Ratjan

10.

Amhoina . .

11.

i»

12,

13. „

14.

»»

15.

))

16.

Ceram

!)•() inches.
9-1

y-2

9-4

8-9o „
8-6o „
8-9 „

8-8

8-'jr, „

9-0

8-9 „

9-2 „

9-15 „

9-18 „

8-T;J .,
S-d.')

8-0

8-()

8-(>

8-,")

8-0

8-.')

8-08 „

8-;J

8-3 „

8-56 „

8-4

8-8

8-7

8-0

8-8

E. H.

( 21 )

NOTES ON HETEBOCERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW
GENERA AND SPECIES.

By the HON. WALTER EOTHSCHILD and DR. KARL JORDAN.

FOR some time jiast we have been working at several fiimilies of Helerocerd, and
publish in this paper a number of notes on structural characters and affinities,
as well as diagnoses of genera and species which are to our knowledge new to
science. The descriptions of new species are by Walter Kothschild, while Dr. K.
Jordan is responsible for tlie remainder of this article as far as it is undersigned
"K. J."

We have thought it best to give the exact size of the wings of the new species
by measuring three lines — the anterior margin, exterior margin, and posterior margin.
The anterior margin is measured from base of subcostal nervure to tip of vein 8 of
forewings, or vein 7 of hindwings ; the posterior margin from base of subcostal
nervure to tip of vein P; and the exterior margin to forewings from tip of vein 8
to tip of vein 1'', that to hindwings from tip of vein 7 to tip of vein P, if not
otherwise stated. AM means anterior margin, EAI exterior margin, PM posterioi-
margin.

If the wing of a species is different in general shape from that of an allied
species, the mere expanse (length of wings + body) does not .give u.s any idea about
that difference.

SATURNIDAE.
1. Opodiphtera inversa Rothsch. sji. nov.

Larger than astrophela Wlk., tawny ochraceous with grey shades. Ocelli much
smaller, but with a larger vitreous centre, that of hindwings considerably more
circular. The inner band on forewings is straight behind cell, not curved, and is
joined along the median vein to intracellular portion, forming two right angles.
The band is double, the inner side pinkish grey, outer side dark vinaceous. 'J'he
outer band is much nearer posteriorly the outev margin, and differs conspicuously,
as also do the other bands, by ha\nng the light half inside, while in uslrophda the
light half is outside. On hindwings is a curved double liand, of same colour as tho.se
on forewings, at basal half, which crosses cell at origin of vein 3 ; this band is absent
from the <? of astrophela. Half-way between ocellus and outer margin of hindwing.^
is a band composed of three lunulated lines ; the two outer are dark vinaceous, the
inner one pinkish grey. Underside more sliaded with pinkish grey ; outer bands of
both wings indicated, but pinkish only. Collar grey ; rest of body similar to wings.
Expanse : forewing AM .55 mm. ; EM 3() mm. ; I'M 33 mm.
hiudwing „ 34 „ ; „ 30 „ ; „ 37 ,.

ll(dj. ilailu, British New Guinea (Anthony, July 1895); 1 6. ^^'. IJ.

(22)

SPHINGIDAE.

2. Phlegethontius stuarti Hothscb. sp. iiov.

Ujyperside : forewings gre^'ish white, with a strong ypHow wash which makes
them have the colour of ground mustard seed. On the discoeelhilars is a white
stigma surrounded by a black ring; obliquely between this and the costa is a smaller
stigma, also surrounded by a black ring. At the base of wings are three black dots,
one before costa and two behind it, the two latter including a white dot between
themselves. Between base and stigmata are four zigzag transverse black lines,
which converge behind till before inner margin two amalgamate, leaving only three.
Beyond the stigmata are three black lines which are strongly dentated ; the space
between the outer two is much paler than between the first and second. Between
the outer of these three lines and the outer margin are two rows of irregular anchor-
shaped spots, one quite close to the outer margin, the other half-way between it
and the dentated lines. The outer margin is very distinctly and strongly marked
in alternate black and white spots. Kound the area of the stigmata the wings are
more or less clouded with black scales. Hiudwings same ground-colour as forewings,
but darker, especially in costal and apical area. In the hairy basal region is a black
band, cut short posteriorly, where it is followed by a square whitish spot. There are
three black dentated bands across outer half of wing, terminating at anal angle, the
inner one of which is sometimes double, and stands closer to the second than that
does to the third. Outer margin equally distinctly marked as in forewings.

Underside: all four wings grey, with yellow tinge much feebler. Basal half of
forewings darker. Apical half of both pairs of wings crossed by three zigzag dentate
black lines.

Head above lavender-grey, a spot on either side in front of eye black ; paljii
almost maize-yellow. Thorax above same colour as wings ; two small black dots
behind head, followed by two transverse lines (interrupted or complete), two black
dots in centre, and one on each side above base of wings.

Abdomen darker, except middle of first two segments above and whole underside ;
down the centre of abdomen above run two rows of white sjjots at the hind edges
of segments. On each side of second segment is a black patch, and on the five
following ones an ochraceous rufous (^aot yelloxo) patch, partly surrounded by black.
The last patch is small in the male and practically absent in i\ic femrile.
Expanse : forewing AM 53 mm. ; EM 29 mm. ; PM 31 mm.
hindwing „ 32 „ ; „ 21 „ : ,.19 „

Hah. La I'az, Bolivia (Arthur Maxwell Stuart, Octolicr 1895); 2 J, 1 ?.

The pecidiar mossy ajjpearance of the scales and the greenish yellow ground-
colour are such that, when the wings are closed and the insect is at rest, it must be
practically impo.ssible to distinguish it from yellowish lichens. W. R.

3. Theretra crossei Kothsch. .■^p. nov.

This is most closely allied to T. lucasi Wlk. and its hulo-Australian allies, but I
must describe is as distinct, for I have two specimens identical, and it comes from
West Africa.

Differs from lucasi Wlk. by the conspicuous convex outer margin and the much
rounded inner angle. Between the margin and the row of black dots on the veins

( ^3 )

are two zigzag trausverse lines, not straight as in hicasi, and the spots stand lieliind
the line reaching the apex, while in hicasi they stand upon the line.

Expanse : forewing AM 33 mm. ; EM 17 mm. ; PM 21 mm.
,, hindwing „ 20 ,, ; „ 13 „ ; ,,11 ,,

Hah. Assaba, Lower Niger (Dr. Crosse) ; 1 c?. Gold Coast ? ; 1 tJ.

I name this species after the collector, but hope soon to have the pleasure
of naming a more conspicuous insect after him.

Paiuicra iniru Swinhoe, Cat. Lep. Het. Oxf. I. p. 13. u. 54. t. 1. f. (J (18U2)
(Cape York), is a synonym of P. turiieri Lucas, Queensland newspaper ; Miskin, Proc.
It. Soc. Qveensl. 1891. p. 02 (.Mackay). W. K.

4. Pachygonia maxwelli Kothsch. sp. nov.

This species is very distinct from any of the others of the genus, but stands
nearest to P. coffene Wlk.

Upperside : both pairs of wings longer and narrower than in coffene. The
submarginal line of forewings runs from inner angle to vein 4, and is here five
millimetres from outer margin ; from vein 4 it runs straight towards the ajiex, where
it ends at vein 7 ; while in coffeae it is zigzag, does not form an angle, and is more
or less parallel with outer margin. The thi-ee transverse lines between costa and
vein 4 run obliquely inwards in maxweUi, while in coffeae they run obliquely
outwards. A pale pinkish grey line runs from inner angle to the small black stigma
on the discocellulars. Near the liase of inner margin is a large black wedge-shaped
patch abruptly terminated at vein 2 ; in coffeae this patch is scarcely darker than
rest of wing, and instead of being cut otf by vein 2 it runs up gradually narrowing to
the costa. On hindwings the black transverse baud across the yellow disc is wanting,
and the yellow area itself reaches to the base ; apex rufous red followed by tilack ; at
anal angle are four lines terminated by vein 3 — inner one broadest, pale pink, next
blackish, third very narrow, pinkish, fourth grey.

Markings of underside corresponding to upperside, but much heavier and more
distinctly apparent than in coffeae, and ground-colour much redder.

Head and thorax grey, with a black median line, forked behind ; on each side
of thorax is a large black patch edged with white behind. Abdomen grey, variegated
with rufous, below almost rufous.

Expanse: forewing AAI 32 mm.; EU 16| mm.; PM 21 mm.
hindwing „ 19 „ ; „ 13 „ ; „ 13 „

Hah. San Augustine, near Mapiri, Bolivia, 3500 feet (Arthur ^Maxwell Sluart,
September 1895); 1 c?. '^\'- K-

5. Unzela variegata Kothsch. sp. nov.
Upperside: forewings differ from U.japix (Cram.) firstly in that the transverse
line which separates the area of the basal foiu-th from the dark patch in centre of
wing is serpentine, while it is straight in U.japix; then in the basal area itself being
in the new species cinnamon-grey, with a longitudinal hxowa streak at inner margin,
while in jajn.c it is olive-brown, with a round lavender patch in centre. The central
dark patch is much less distinct, and instead of being sharply incised on the outer
side is constricted into the shape of an hour-glass. Hindwings in japi.r. are uniform
dark brown, with two short pink streaks at the anal angle, while in variegata they

(24)

are yellowish grey with a broad dull brown border and a narrow transverse line
beyond the middle.

Underside: the wings in jwpix have pale grey bordere; in vai-iegaia these
borders are broadly dark brown, while the rest of the wings is much more whitish.
Abdomen on underside in varieijata much dirtier greyish white. The antennae are
longer and thicker, and the mcde claspers are larger.

Expanse: forewing A!M 25 mm.; EM 12 mm. ; I'.AI 17 mm.
„ hindwiug „ 17 „ ; „ 12 „ ; „ 10 „

Hub. San Augustine, near iNIapiri, Bolivia, 3500 feet (Arthui- Jlaxwell Stuart,
September and October 1895); 2 <J. W- K-

AGAIUSTIDAE.

Note. — My attention was drawn to the definition of this family especially by

Prof. Dr. Karseh's article on the African AgarisHdae in Ent. Nachr. p. 343 (1895),

where that learned author says that, according to Anrivillius, the Agaristidae are

Noctuid-Uke moths distinguished from the allied families by vein 5 of the hindwing

originating from the apex of the cell in the middle between veins 4 and 6 ; a short

definition which I found in discordance with Hampson, Moths of India II. — a work

which every student of moths will appreciate the more the longer he works witli it,

though in detail it is, of com'se, not free from errors — who includes in the Koctuidae

a number of forms which Karseh's definition would bring to the Agaristidae, and I

became convinced that a few stray notes on the structure of some genera and species of

the Agaristids would be of some help in coming in future to an exact delimitation of the

))resent family. Karseh's definition is based upon that of Aurivillius in Ent. Tidskr.

p. 183 (1892) — in fact it is only a repetition of one of the nine characters by which

Aurivillius distinguishes that family ; and I therefore shall annex my notes to those

nine characters, which I give in the same order as Aurivillius did.

1. " Stim aufgeblasen oder niit einer hornigen Erhabenheit."

The forehead is indeed mostly gibbose and often armed with a more or less

prominent conical processus, which is truncate at the tip, and bears a circular or

subcircular ridge. In Trimen's Pais pidchra, and in a new genus and species from

Madagascar described in tliis paper, the processus is long and thin ; in Copidryas

gloveri S. & E., Ajnna caUisto \A'lk., and in Butler's Aegocera cm-nigera it is naked

and has the form of a flattened, slightly excavated horn, the tip of which is rounded,

or bi- or tripartite, recalling the frontal horn of certain Cetonidae. . A great number

of Agaristids have, however, the forehead only slightly convex, such species as

Agarista saturata Wlk. and allies for example, and are without a frontal processus

or horn, the circular ridge also being wanting ; while on the other hand well-developed

frontal horns occur amongst the Koctuidae. Agrotis segetum Schiflf. has a feeble, but

distinctly visible, frontal circular ridge. In Cramer's Phalaena hyrogiyphica (Pap.

Ex. II. t. 147. f. I)) the front of the head is produced into a short cone. Agropkila

sulphuralis (L.), various species of Aconlia 0. and of allied genera — for example

A. dispar Wlk. (Lep. Het. B. M. XII. p. 790), Omia cymhalariae Hb., Heliodes

rupicoki Hb. — have a more or less obviously gibbose forehead with a circular horny

ridge ; whereas in the species of Megalodes Guen. the head is armed with a long

horn as in Copidryas and Apina. Vein 5 of the hindwings comes in the Noctuids

mentioned here from below the middle of the discocellular veinlets.

(25 )

2. " l\ippe 1 der Voixlerflugcl wurzelwfirls nicht gegabelt, einfach."

3. " Kippe 5 der A'orderHugel iiabe an der Kippe 4 entspringeud."

These two characters the Ajarislidae have in common with tlie Noctuidae and
Arctiidae. A bifurcation of the submedian nervure to the forewing is sometimes
ob\iously indicated by a longitudinal furrow in the basal portion of the vein.

4. " Kippe 2 der HinterHligel nahe an der Hiuterecke der Mittelzelle eut-
springend."

The position of vein 2 to the hindwings is neither amongst the Aijarintidue nor
in the Noctuids, Arctiids, Hypsids, etc., of great constancy, and this vein stands on
an average not nearer to vein 3 in the Agarisiidae than in the allied families. We
find the extremes in respect to the position of vein 2 of the hindwings in Agarista
agricola (Don.), Phalaenoides latimis (Don.), Euthisanotia argentata Druce, with vein
2 coming from near vein 3, and on the other hand in Pais pidchra Trim., OharUiua
amabiiis (IJrury), and Eusemia mollis Wlk., in which that vein originates before the
apical third of the cell.

5. " Kippe 3 uud 4 der llinterflugel aus einem Punkte (der Hiuterecke der
jSlittelzelle), oder mit sehr kurzem gemeinschaftlichen Stiel entspringend."

This character applies to many Agaristidae, Koclmdae, Arctiidae, etc., but is by
no means met with in all Agari>tids ; vein o is removed from 4, though it always
stands nearer to 4 than to 2, in many species of various genera, most ob\iously so in
Eaaeiiiia 'iiioUis Wlk. and Agarista liictifera.Boisd.

6. " Eippe 5 der Hinterflugel aus der Milte der koukaven (^uerripjie ausgeheud."
Prof. Karsch {I.e.) thinks this character the most important one, and sufficient

to distinguish the Agaristidae from their allies by. In tlie Arctiids, Hypsids, and
most Noctuids, etc., vein 5 of the hindwings comes ft-om the lower angle of the cell,
or from between lower angle of the cell and middle of the discocellular veinlets. In
a great number of Noctuids vein 5 approaches the centre of the discocellulars ; in
others it comes just from below the centre ; while in others again, as in Heliothis Tr. and
some allied forms, it originates exactly from the middle of the apex of the cell. We
can, in fact, draw np a series of genera which show every intergradation between the
two extremes, the position of vein 5 at the lower angle of the cell and the position in
the centre of the discocellulars ; compare Barasa Wlk., Chariclea Steph., Agrotis 0.,
Asperasa ^Moore, Erastria 0., Bryophila Tr., Heliothis Tr. And this occurrence of
iutergradations makes it probable to me that not all the species of Noctuoid moths
with vein 5 coming from the middle of the discocellulars are true Agaristidae, and
that there might be true Agaristidae with fliat vein originating below the centre
of the discocellulars. Even if we admit Heliothis Tr., Glottalu Gueu., SpheUa
Wlk., and some other genera to be Agaristids, there remain many others, like
Eupsephopaectes proci/nctus Grote fi-om California, which I cannot convince myself
to be anything else but Noctuidae in spite of vein 5 to the hindwings having the
same position as in Episteme Hiibn. (Eusemia Dalm.). On the other hand, in a
number of true Agaristidae, in A. alboiicargiiuUa"M.ooi-e, aviatrix W'estw., semper!.
Feld., hesqjenoides Wlk., and others, there is a peculiarity in the neuratiou of the
hindwings — explained on p. 37 — which gives vein 5 the appearance of coming from
near the lower angle of the cell. In Ph/daenoide$ albamedia Luc. vein 5 stand.s
below the middle, owing to the development of a stridulating organ ; and, alas, in
Agarista belangeri Guer. vein 5 is decidedly depressed at the base, as it is in typical
Arctiids, Hypsids, etc.

In Agarista agricola Dun. and its nearest allies vein o stands nearer to C tlian to 4.

( 2C )

7. " Rippe 8 der Hinterfliigel nahe an der Wurzel init der \oidereu Mediana
vereinigt iind da^ielbst mehr oder wenigei- verdickt."

In this respect the Afjaristidae and Koctuidae are identical, and exhibit rather
imjiortant variation. In most Agaristidne the basal partition of tlie subcostal
nervure (vein 7), before touching vein 8, is very feebly developed, and veins 7 and 8
apjjear, therefore, to be shortly stalked together, the more so as vein 7 is mostly not
anastomosed to (confluent with) vein 8, but joined to it by a very short thick bar,
which has such a position as to appear to be a prolongation of the main part of vein 7
(compare Epistenne victrix Westw., dentatrix ^^'estw., A&jocera, Metagarista, Omos).
In Affarista agricola Don. and allies the basal partition of vein 7 is obliterated, so
that veins 7 and 8 are actually stalked, as in many Arctiids. Sometimes veins 7 and
8 are merged together for about i mm. (Pycnodmitis Ve\d., Clitis Wlk.) ; or they
touch one another, remaining separated by a slight fun-ow (Milu Auriv., Dia/iniuin
Wlk.), or by a deep and rather broad one (GodoMf, Wlk.). The liasal partilion of
vein 7 is mucli thicker in Godasa, Mila, Clitis, etc., than in Episteme, Agarista,
Pludaenoides, Aegocera, etc.

8. '•Hinterfliigel mit Haftborsten."

This character the Agaristidae have in common with the Nuciiddae,
Arctiidae, etc.

9. " Die FUhler gewohnlich vor der Spitze melir oder weniger verdickt."
There occur very diflerent typeij of antennae in this family. The typical

antennae are more or less club-shaped (Agarista, Episteme, Aegoc&i-a, Rothia, etc.),
but very often the antennae are not thickened towards the apex, or they are even
setiform (Phalaenoides fthnebris Moore, albamedia Luc, Zalissa-apecies) ; and
there are a good number of genera with serrate and pectinate antennae (Apina
adlisto Wlk., Ancrda Wlk., Pycnodontis and Leiosoma Feld., Psychomorjiha, Harr.,
and others). Clubbed antennae are found, besides Castniidae. also among other
families of moths — for example, in Cistidia HK, a genus of GeometHdne.

As it becomes pretty clear from the above short notes that none of the nine
ix>ints of Aurivillius's definition of the present family are really decisive, every one of
them either occurring in other families or being found only in part of the true
Agaristidae, an exact definition of the family remains still a desideratum ; hut as we
believe that, before our knowledge of the earlier stages of Agaristidne, which seem
to exhibit some constant characters, has increased, and till we know more of the
anatomical and morphological details of the Noctuoid and Bombycoid moths, an
exact delimitation of Agaristidae will be impossible, we think it after all best to
accept, for the present, Aurivillius's view, and to unite to the Agaristidae all
Noctuid-like moths with vein 5 of the hindwings originating in or before the middle
of the discocellulars, and to exclude all other forms, with the exception, I am sorry to
say, of Agansta belangeri Guer.

To the Agaristidae of Kirby's CaUdogue of Lep. Ifel. we have to add some
genera and .species which are uiidoiihtedly Agaristids, and to remove some which
belong to other families.

Apina callisto Wlk., Kirby's Cat. p. 442, is certainly an Agaristid. Apina
aru/ast Wlk. is by no means gonerically identical with callisto ; it is no Agaristid.
^ein 7 of the liindwing is in angasi anastomosed to vein 8 for about 2 mm. ; the
same character we find in Satara aequata Wlk., Kirby's Cat. p. 33 (= Arctioneura
lorqaini Feld.), which is likewise no Agaristid, but an Arctiid s.l.

( 27 )

Galliniwplm leiivnia Boisd., in Kii'by's Cat. under Eplsteme HI)., is most
probalily ii (Teonietiid.

Easemia siriella Driice, Kirliv's Oxt. \i. '28, is a Geometrid according to the
type-specimen.

The genera Hecatesld Boisd. (Kirby'.s Cdt. p. 12j, Diaiiinud Wlk. (Lep. Het.
B. M. XII. p. 960), cutis Wlk. {I.e. p. 9G1), and Aacida Wlk. (Trans. Ent. Soc.
Land. (3). I. p. 253) are Agaristids.

Listonia javiaicensis ]M6.-ichler, Ahh. Senl\ Kat. Ges. XW. p. 37. f. 13 (18'J1).
is perhaps also an Agaristid.

Duga Wlk., in Kirby's Cat. amongst the Agaristidae, p. 898, contains in the
Catalogue two species, pinguis and semire ; B. pinguis Wlk. is a Geometrid,
D. zeriiire (StoU) a Pyralid. Swinhoe's Duga, rana, Cat. Lep. O.rf. I. yi. 96. t. 3. f. 3
(1891), is not a Litho.sid, as Swinhoe says, but a Geometrid.

Phaegcn-ista pallida Druce, Kirby's Cat. p. 417, is the same as Sarotkroceras
(nee Sarothrncera White, 1845) (diuaudi Mah., according to ^Mabilie's figure and the
tx])^ of ptdlida. Druce gave as habitat " Ogowai, East Central Africa,'' perhaps (?)
a mistake for Ogowe R., West Africa. The name of pallida has the priority over
that of alluaudi. I agree with Karsch that this insect is not an Agaristid, though
vein 5 of the hindwings comes from the centre of the discocellulars.

Fhalaena Bombyx mummia Cramer, Pap. E.v. III. p. 61. t. 228. f. ('(1782)
(Surinam) is an Agaristid, and comes into the genus Pycnodontis Feld., not into Are
Wlk., Lep. Het. B. M. III. p. 758 (1855), where it is placed by Walker with a " ? ".

In pattern of the forewings many Agaristidae agree perfectly well with the
Noctuidae. A most obvious and rather widely distributed character amongst the
Agaristids is the occurrence of metallic bluish scales on the foi"ewings above, which
often form conspicuous patches, especially one in the cell beyond the middle and
another upon the discocellular veinlets. Eed, yellow, and white markings on a black
ground are prevalent in this family, and it appears to me that there is rather commonly
a variation of the colour within the same species from white to yellow, and from yellow
to red. This variability has not yet been noticed, except in the genus Episteme Hb.
by Hampson, Moths of India, and so a good number of colour-varieties stand still in
Kirby's Catalogue as species. In Eusemia longipalpis Kirsch the S has the band
of the forewings and the patch on the hindwings white; of the female sex of this
.species there occur three forms, one similar to the male, a second with the patch to
the hindwings orange, and a third with both the patch to the hindwings and the
band on the forewings orange ; intergradations prove that these forms belong to one
species. Eusemia longipalpis and some other Agaristidae, as well as Milionia
glauca (StoU), apparently confirm Eimer's opinion that the new colour develops from
the posterior side. The white-marked Aegocera trimeni Feld. and the orange-
coloured A. tricolor Druce are not only identical in the outline and position of the
markings, but there occur also specimens of trimeui with the hindwings obviously
tinged with orange, and e.xamples of tricolor which are much paler than others.
There are two specimens of a Mitophrys Karsch from Sierra Leone in the Triug
Museum, one marked with orange, the other with white. We find no other difference
between the specimens besides that disjiarity in colour, and are convinced that the
two specimens are the same species; they agree fairly well witli Mitophrys halaiis
Karsch, Eat. Xachr. p. 354. t. 2. f. 7 (1895), and M. agoma Karsch, I.e., respectively.

Among the numerous species (?) of Xanthospilopteryx Wall, similar cases of
dichromism can be observed. The hindwings of A', pardaiina (Wlk.) are yellow

( as )

or led ; sometimes they are orange. X. geryon (F.) has occasionally orange liiud-
wings instead of red ones. Rotkia eriopis (H. S.), from Madagascar, lias bright
yellow hindwings in the ordinary tyjje ; the Tring Museum possesses a series of
sjiecimens taken in the same district with eriopis which have the hindwings
bright carmine.

Sexual dichromism is not seldom. Usually the female is darker than the nude;
such is the case in Phdlaenoides donmvani Boisd., tropica Luc, in the genus
Aegocera, in Ophthcdmis inollis (Wlk.), etc. The femvde of Euaemia saturata Wlk.
(= doleschcdli Feld.) has the bands on fore- and luiidwings orange, while they
are white in the male.

Other secondary sexual dififerences are not rarely met with. Haase, Iris I.
p. 165 (1887), noticed already tufts of long hairs at the base of the abdomen of the
'nudes, and described them as scent-organs. These organs are present in all typical
Agarislidae, but as the hairs fall oft' easily, they often escape notice. A nuralier of
species have, besides, another .scent-organ, not mentioned by Haase, on the hindwings
within a deep longitudinal fold (Episteme dentatrix Westw., albonMvginata Moore,
hesperioides Wlk., etc.). In the nudes of Audrhippuris Karsch and Hcspagurista
\V)k. the abdomen is furnished at the tip with a tail of long hairs. Heculesia Boisd.,
Androloma Grote, and Aegocera tripartita Kirby have in the vude a stridulating
organ on the forewings; a similar one, situated on the hindwings, is present in the
'nude of Phalaenoides alhamedia Luc.

The antennae are usually thicker in the nude than in the fe'nvde ; in the species
with pectinated antennae, the pectinations are shorter in the female sex, sometimes
scarcely perceptible. The forehead is narrowed behind in the tncdes of a number
of species, such as Aegocera trimeni Feld., bimacida Wlk. The terminal joint of
the palpi is usually, not always, longest in the female.

In consequence of my researches on the structural characters of the Agarislidae,
which showed me that under the genera Agarisia, Episteme, Phalaenoides, etc.,
very heterogeneous forms stand united, I am obliged to propose a good number of
new genera, which I base on such characters as can more easily be grasjied. There
is only one alternative — either to split u|) the family in a greater number of genera,
or to treat all Agarislidae as " Agarista." In what state the division of the
Agaristidae into genera at present is will be understood when I say that the diagnosis
of every genus of this family in Ham[)son, Moths of India, is wrong. I divide the
Agaristidae in the following groups : —

Group I. — A'ldeivnae si'mple ; forevoitigs ivithout areole.

a. African forms. — There are no representatives of this grouj) in the Aethiopian
fauna.

b. Indo- Australian forms. — Here comes only the genus Episteme HI)., with lectrix
(L.) as type. Hampson, Moths of I'luiia II. p. 149(1894), rejects Hiibner's name
of Episteme as " gewus non descrijAuvi" (many other genera of Hiilmer's have
been accepted in that volume) and employs the name of Eusnnia Dalm. The
incompleteness of Hiibner's generic descriptions is no reason not to accept his
names ; insufficient are so many (perhaps most) diagnoses of Lepidopterous genera
created by iincient and modern authors, and so many genera have been based upon
heterogeneous forms — even Hampson's diagnosis of " Eusemia " applies only to some
of the species included in that genus in Molhs of hulia — that I fully agree with

( 29 )

what Anrivilliu^i says about uaraos of genera (Tris 1894. p. 123), and must treat
as no'inina nvda only snch names as are not accompanied by any diagnosis
whatever. I hope I shall not be accused of inconsequency because Felder's generic
name Pycnodovtis is applied in this paper ; we ought to have given a diagnosis
to that name, but we prefer to wait until our researches on the American Agaristidae
are more complete.

Without areole are the following species in Hampson's work : lectrix (L.), type
of genus Episteme Hb., iur/ripcnnis Butl., adulatrix KolL, maculatrix Westw.,
irenea Boisd., latimargo Hamps., fasciatrix Westw., vetula Hiibn., and perhaps
negrita Hamps., which is unknown to me. Besides these species, which include
numerous named varieties, true Episteme Hb. are also bisma Moore, bijugata "Wlk.,
and a new species described below by !Mr. Rothschild ; all other forms that stand
under " Eusemia " in Hampson's book have an areole and belong to other genera.

West wood's figure of E. maculatrix M^estw, in A"at. Lihr. differs remarkably
from that given later on in Cabinet of Oriental Entomology. K. J.

fi. Episteme conspicua Rothsch. sp. nov.

Male. — Vppers/de: forewings black, with the usual slight blue gloss. Basal
fifth has a number of scattered metallic blue scales forming two spots behind the
costa ; across the apical third of the cell runs a transverse yellow line. Beyond the
cell is a broad yellow transverse fascia, split up below the lower median vein so as to
form a separate spot at the angle of inner margin. In the middle between this
fascia and the outer margin is a row of six very small half-obliterated spots. Hind-
wings similar to bisma Moore, but the black outer margin is much reduced, and the
red discal area is paler and brighter.

Underside as above, only the costal margin for its basal half is lavender, and
there is a round white dot at the basal fourth of cell ; the cellular transverse line
is broader, and the submarginal spots are large, very distinct, and of a lavender tint.
Hindwings with submarginal spots distinctly marked, while above they are almost,
if not quite, absent.

Body as in bisma, but the yellow abdominal bands broader, and the pale spots
on the thora.x smaller.

Female similar, but submarginal spots on both wings less develojied.
Expanse : forewing AM 38 mm. ; EM 23 mm. ; PM 25 mm.
hindwing „ 2.5 „ ; ,, 23 ,, ; „ 15 „

JMi. Kina Balu, North 15orueo ; 2cf , 2 ? .

This species is much larger than bijugata Wlk., which it resembles, and can at
once be recognised by the yellow underside of the thorax, the extremely narrow
and obsolete cellular band, and tlie ])resence of the round spot at the angle of inner
margin of forewing. W. H.

c. American forms. — We liave a moth from .lamaica of Xoetuoid appearance,
which has the antennae setiform and is without areole. The name of this insect
we have not yet found.

Westwood, Tr. Linn. Soc. Load. (2). 1. p. 202. n. 7 (1877), says of his Othria
ecnadorina that the areole is wanting ; we do not know the species, and can, there-
fore, not say whether that statement is correct. K. J.

(30)

Group II. — Antennae simple; fm-ewvngs tvit/i areole.

Karscli, Ent. Xaclir. 1895. p. 347, divides this groui) in two sections, accordint;
to tlu- position of vein 10 to the forewings; this nervnle is either stalked witli
8 and 9, or it arises from the areole. These two sections do not seem to me to he
quite natural, as the following exam])les will show; but I accept them, as they are
certainly verj' convenient for a preliminary grouping of the genera. In Druce's
Agarista darna, Ann. Mac/. N. H. (6). XIV. p. 22 (1895), from Timor, the position
of vein 10 is so variable that we have specimens, caught at the same locality and
at the same time of the year, with vein 10 being stalked with 8 and 9, others
with vein 10 originating from the apex of the areole dose to the stem of 8. 9, and
others again with that vein coming from the areole and being distinctly separate
from 8 and 9.

In the cJ of Hemtesia thyridion Boisd. veins 9 and 10 are shortly stalked to-
gether, while in the ? vein 10 arises from the areole independently of 9.

The type of the genus Oi/irkt Westw., Oikrin avr/ias (H. S.),Ausii. Schrn. I. f. 18
(1853), comes in most characters very close to Phasis noctilvx Wlk., the type of
Phasia AVlk., Lep. Met. B. M. 11. p. 312 (1854), but has vein 10 originating beyond
the areole, while in Phasis it arises from the areole. K. ,1.

1. Vein 10 to the fwevnngs stalked ivith 8 and 9 (often with 7. 8. 9).

d. African forms. — Here come the genera Xardhosj/dopteryx Wllgr., Massarja
Wlk., Schatma Karsch (see Karscli, Ent. Nachr. 1895. pp. 345. 340).

There are in the Tring Museum twenty-eight specimens of X. africnna Hutl., of
which four are aberrant in having an orange spot in the black marginal border to tlie
hindwings near the anal angle. In one of these specimens that spot is indicated,
under a lens, by four reddish .scales on the ui)perside of the left wing, while on the
right wing it is represented by about a dozen scales ; below, the si'ots are entirely
absent from either left or right hindwing. The second example has above on both
wings a very few scattered orange-red scales, whereas below the spot is well marked.
In the other two specimens the spot is conspicuous above and below. Out of twelve
specimens of X. fatima Kirby, five show a more or less obvious trace of that spot,
especially below. This proves, I believe, that the occurrence of such a spot cannot
be used to separate specifically specimens with and without that mark which are
otherwise the same. A', jierdri.v Druce ( = eoa !\Iab.) is, therefore, only an aberra-
tion of africana Butl., which itself is perhaps the red form of one of Walker's
species.

We have a female of A', hornimunni Druce, from the Gold Coast, in which the
basal and median white spots are confluent with one another along the costal, median,
and submedian nervures, thus forming a large triangular patch that includes a
black spot in the cell and another behind it. The markings on the wings of
Xanthospilopteryx vary, in fact, a good deal. In A', snperha Butl., for example, tlie
s[K)t before the middle of the inner margin is in our series of twenty-three specimens
quadrate, or is pi-olonged along the submedian nervure, assuming the form of a broad
comma, sometimes merging together with the second spot of the post-median row,
or is reduced to a rather narrow oblique streak ; in one example this spot is quadrate
on one wing, linear on the other. The median band of A', hidler-i (Wlk.), of which
species we have fifteen specimens, is often complete, sometimes it is con.stricted at the
median nervure, and not t-arely it is even widely interrupted ; and so on. I fear that

( 31 )

a good number of the species based on slight differences in the shape of the markings,
and on the red, yellow, or white colour of the hindwings, are mere aberrations.

Mfissaga delicia Butl., and M. demenn Druee, Ann. Mag. X. If. {(i). XIV.
p. 2:1 (1895), belong to the genus lUi.m Karsch, Etit. Nachr. 1895. p. 349. K. .1.

7. Massaga angustifascia IJothsch. sp. nov.

Female. — Upperside : all four wings black with an oily green gloss, the veins
being strong metallic green. Wings crossed by a single convex cream-coloured band,
situated about 1 millimetre beyond the cell of forewing, measured at the upper
median vein. The band on forewings stops at the costal nervure, where it is nar-
rowest, while it is widest at the discoidal nervules, being here a little more than
2 millimetres. At the apex of forewings the fringe is white, otherwise dark.

Palpi, except third joint, head, anterior coxae, anterior femora, and prothorax
crimson ; tip of abdomen yellow ; rest of body oily green.

Undem'tde of wings similar to above, but veins on hindwings from base to edge
of band of same colour as band.

Expanse : forewing AM 29 mm. ; EM 15 mm. ; PM 21 mm.

,, hindwing „ 20 ,, ; „ 14 ,, ; „ 14 „

Ilah. Old Calabar ; 1 ? .

Differs from virescens Butl. in the narrower band, it being uniformly wide on
lioth wings and well outside the cell, and in the cream veins on underside of
hindwings. \V. R.

e. Indian forms vjith vein 10 of forewinrjs being stalked with 8 and 9.

Here belong Chelonoinorjjha Motsch., Biirgeiia Wlk., and a number of new

genera.

Immetalia Jord. gen. nov.

cJ ? . Front of the head scarcely with an indication of the usual conical processus,
without a circular ridge or with only a trace of it. Palpi almost naked, i.e. clothed
with short hairs, terminal joint at least three times as long as broad. Antennae a
third shorter than the co.stal margin of the forewings, distinctly clubbed in either
sex. Tibiae naked, or almost so.

Neuration : forewing with vein 10 stalked with 8 and 9; vein 3 close to 4 from
hinder angle of cell ; 2 from near hinder angle of cell ; second partition of median
vein* shorter than the respective portion of the outer margin. Hindwings with
veins 3 and 4 together from lower angle of cell ; 2 from near hinder angle of cell, as
on forewing.

Male with the anal segment large, and the upperside of the abdominal margin
of the hindwings clothed with long, often partly erect, hairs.

Type: /. saturata (Wlk.), Lep. Het. B. M. XXXI. p. 54 (1864) (Burn, nee
Gilolo, nee Key); Swinh., Cai. Lep. Het. O.rf. I. p. 1(12. n. 753. t. 5. f. 1 (1892)
(Buru).

Comes nearest to Xanthospiiloptertj.r Wllgr., from which it differs in the longer
and naked terminal joint of the palpi, the less gilibose forehead, and in the

? "Second partition" of the median nervure is ihe portion between veins 2 and 3,

( 32 )

shorter second partition of the median nervure to the forewings, this partition in
Xanthospilopteri/x lieing longer than the respective portion of the outer margin.

Chelonomorpha Motsch. is distinguished from the new genus by tlie presence
of a conical frontal horn, the more hairy palpi, hairy abdomen, and again the longer
second partition of the median vein to the forewings.

Felder's I. doleschalli is a synonym of saturata (Wlk.). Besides snhirata the
following species must come in the new genus : —

Immetnlia longipalpis (Kirsch), Mitth. Mus. Ih-escl. I. p. 130. n. Ul. t. 7. f. 12
(1877) (Rubi, X. Guinea). As said above (p. 27), this species varies in the coloui- of
the hands from white to orange, and is also not constant in the size and shape of the
markings. It has received five names :—

1. I. lonfjipalpis (Kirsch) is based upon a female with the hand of
the forewings yellow and that of the hindwings orange.

2. /. briijini (Oberth.), Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. XV. t. 4. f. (i (1880) (no
description, no habitat), is based upon a female with the band white on
either wing.

3. /. doreana (Swinh.), Cat. Lep. Het. Oxf. I. p. 164. n. 762. t. 5.
f. 4 (1892) (Dorey), is based upon n female (according to the figure), not
a nude as Swinhoe says, with the bands white and rather narrow, that of
the forewings being also rather longer than in ordinary examples.

4. /. eynaspes (Druce), Ami. Mag. N. H. (6). XH'. p. 22 (1895)
(X. Guinea), is described from a male with the bands white, and a female
with the band on the forewing white and that on the hindwing orange.

5. I. pi-ochyta (Druce). I.e. (X. (iuinea),is n female with (he hand on
either wing orange.

William Doherty found all these forms together at Huniboldt Hay. Dutch
N. Guinea, September to October 1892. The male sex has apparently the bands
always white, as is the case in /. saturata (Wlk.). Our series of twenty-one specimens
exhibits a good deal of variation in the extent of the bands.

Immetalia bernsteini Voll., Tijdschr. v. Ent. VI. p. 132. t. 9. f. 1 (1863)
(Morotai), smd josioides Wlk., Lep). Het. B. M. XXXI. p. 54 (1864) (Gilolo), are the
same; Swinhoe, Gat. Lepj. Het. Oxf p. 162. n. 752 (1892), gave, josioides Wlk. already
as a synonym of befrnsteini. ^- ^■

8. Immetalia bernsteini angustiplaga Rothsch. subsp. now
Male and female: this form differs from typical bernsteini Voll. in the much
longer band of the forewings and the much narrower patch of the hindwings, and in
the luteous apical fringe being more conspicuous ; a striking difference also is that
the patch of the hindwings gradually becomes narrower till it ends up almost in a
point at the anal angle, while in the typical form it is uniformly wide.

Hah. BatchianVw. Doherty, March 1892) ; 1 <^, 1 ?. \\'- ■>■

9. Immetalia meeki Rothsch. sp. nov.

M'de differs from lonrjipalpjis (Kirsch) in the band of the forewings being

3 millimetres wide, and reaching from the costa to almost the anal angle, just

crossing submedian vein. It is of almost equal breadth from costa to lower median

vein, while beyond to the submedian it is much narrower. Discal orange area of

( Xi )

hiiidwings reduced IVoiii the base so iis to form a di-linc( liand, .') iinlliirietres wide,
reacliing the costa.

( )f loiiflijialpin t (iiilv know of while w.dlcs, while vt ffnni/e.s I have white ones,
some with white on I'oiewings and orange hindwings, and others all orange ; while
my three nmles of inivin ha\e deejj huff hands to forewiugs and orange bands on
hindwiugs.

Expanse: forewing AM 27 mm.; JOI 16 mm.; VSl 19 mm.
„ hind wing „ 19 ,, ; „ 17 „ ; „ 12 ,,

IliiU. Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaiix Islands (Meek, November 4th i', 18tli,
1894); 3 c^. . \V. R.

10. Immetalia cyanea Kothsch. sp. nov.

!\Ialt: and Fi;m.\le. — Upperside : forewings deep blue, with basal line lielow the
oosta and a spot in the cell of liright metallic blue green scales. Hindwings also
lilue, but witli a more greenish tint. .Ml wings in certain lights have a strong
metallic lustre.

Uvderside: blackish brown, with strong blue gloss in side light.

Underside of palpi except third joint, a line in front of and one behind the
antennae, white; legs deep brown witli blue gloss; body deep blue; tip of
abdomen rufous.

Expanse: forewing AM 25 mm. ; E."\I ]G mm.; I',"\I 19 mm.
„ hindwing ,, 17 ,, ; ,, 17 ,, ; ,, 12 ,,

Iffd,. IJiak, (ieelvink ]1ay, Itutch New Guinea (W. Doherty, ls92j; 1 J,2 ?.

W. K.

11. Immetalia celebensis Kothsch. sp. nov.

Fkmai.e. — Vppernde: forewings difter from Sfiinrald. (Wlk.) in having the
orange band of equal breadth from the costal to the third median nervure, whence
it is conti-acted towards the angle of inner margin; this band also stands more
than two millimetres away from cell, while in /. saturiitii, (Wlk.) it touches apex
of cell. On the basal half of forewings there are fonr blue transverse lines, the two
outer ones stopping short within the cell, and there are also two less distinct blue
lines running along the lower median and submedian vein.s. Fringe white Imth at
apex and inner angle, while in sahiraid (Wlk.) it is only white at apex. Hindwings
black as in saturata, but with whole of fringe white.

Underside as alwve, but blue markings absent.

Underside of tirst and second joints of jialpi, sides of forehead, centre of vertex,
and three lines on the ujiperside of thorax while. Underside of tliorax, coxae, femora,
and inner side of tibiae ochre-yellow, .\bdomen entirely black, while in s((/iiral(i
(Wlk.) the tip is reddish orange.

Expanse similar to that of i. .snluniUt (Wlk.).

Hub. S. Celebes (W. Doherty. August and f^eptemher 1891); H ?. W. |{,

Ivimetidin ci'li'he/ifiiis Rothsch. has the stem of veins 8, 9. lit to forewings verv
short, while in satiiratc (Wlk.) and allies it is long; the frontal circular ridge is
obvious; vein H of the hindwings is a very little removed from !, and the femora
have long and dense hairs beneath.

3

( 34 )

The si)ecies of Immelrdia .loul. ran be distinguislied as follows : —
fi. Disi- of liiiuhvings without baiiil or imtoh.
(('. Foiewiiigs with band.

a-. Thorax black beneath :

1. I. stitwata (Vi'lk.) from the Southern Moluccas. Walker
also gives Gilolo and Ke\- as " habitat " of satuivtu, but these
islands are most certainly inhaliited by diti'erent — at least suli-
specifically different— forms. The band of the forewing is variable
in length in the Amboina specimens ; it is always widest in the
middle. Hands of mrilf white, those of female orange.

liK Thorax yellow beneath, striped witli while aliovc :

2. /. cdehensis Kothsch. from Celebes.
/)'. ^\'ings deep blue, without bands :

o. /. cyiincd Rothsch. from ]?iak Island.
}i. l)isc of hindwings with white, orange, or orangi'-rrd patch or band.
(■'. I'nderside of jialpi yellow.

C-. Patch to hindwing.s penetrating into the cell, liroader than the blai-k
basal area of the wing :

4. 1. her'ilfitevaiXoW. IVimh Moily and llalm.ihi-ira. 15ands
of either sex orange.

A iiixdefvom (iaui, S. lialinaheira, captured by \V. Doherty,
has a much shorter liaml tliau oin- only (^i\o\o female ; the latter
is identical with nfi'iiidlf from .Morty (.Morotai) and agrees well
with "\'ollenhoven's figure, which represents a female.
(1-. Patch to hindwing.s bandlike, not touching I'ell, narrower than black
basal area of wing :

.5. /. bernsteini aiif/ustiplaga Koth.scli. from Hat Jan.
ri'. Palpi black, usually with white scales at the outside.

e^. Patch of hindwings penetrating into the cell, broader than the lilack
basal portion of the wing :

6. /. Ioiir/!p((!jiifi Kirsch from Dutch New Guinea. In the
inale tlio l>and to the forew-ings is mostly less oblique than in the
female ; the band reaches sometimes from the costa to beyond
the submedian vein, while in other specimens it reaches only from
near the subcostal nervure to the lower median nervule ; mostly
the band is broadest in the middle, as in-/, sahirain (Wlk.), but
there occur also exainjiles with the liand being anteriorly of e\en
lireadth and gradually tapering off behind.

/'-'. Pand of hindwings not toucliing cell, narrower than tlie basal
black area :

7. /. meek! Kothsch. from Fcrgusson Island. K. .1.

Fleta .lord. gen. nov.

(i ?. Differs from Tiiinietiilit( .Tord. in the second joint of the palpi being clothed
with long hairs, in the abdomen and femora being also hairy, especially strongly so
beneath, and in the areole of the forewings being minute.

S : hindwings clothed with hairs at the longitudinal median fold.

Type: FIcta helangerl {(iwi-r.), Pelang. \'oi/. Jnd. Or. ]>. otjfi. t. .'). f. 3 (1834)
(Java).

( 35 )

Easily rpcogiiised bv tlie iiiinntP!iess ot tlie areole, whicli latter is ol'tcii iciIucimI
to a [loint. In F. helniir/eri vein 5 of the liiiidwings stands nearer to 4 than to (J,
its liase being distinctly depressed. Arjaristd niourel Feld., Raise Xovara II. Lep,
t. 107. f. 4 (1874) (Java), findti its place for the present best in this genus, though it
has vein 5 of the hindwings coming from the middle of the discocelkilars. F. iiwurel
(Feld.) is distinguished, besides the position of that vein, by vein 2 of the forewings
standing nearer to 3 and b3' the black border to the hindwings above Ijeing broadest
in front, while in belant/eri it is widest Ijehind.

In the type-specimen of F. moorei (Feld.) vein 11 of the left fovewing is con-
nected with the areole by a bar, so that there are two areoles.

This genus is highly inconvenient as regards the delimitation of the family of
AgaristifJne (see p. 2.5). I\. .1.

Exsula .bird. gen. nov.

c? ?. Forehead without a eonieal ])rocessus. Third joint of palpi somewhat
shorter than in ImiiietfiHn Jord. ; second joint hairy, the hairs as long as, or longer
tlian, the terminal joint. Femora hairy.

Neuration : forewing nearly as in TinmetaUa Jord., but with the second partition
of median uervure longer than the respective portion of outer margin. Upper
di.scocellular veinlet of hindwing straight, the second one concave or nearly straight ;
vein .S close to 4, but not stalked with it; vein 5 only slightly longer tlian the
median cell (measured from base of wing to middle of discocellulars).

Type: Exsula dentatrix (VVestw.), C<ih. Or. Ent. p. 68. (. 33. f. 5 (1848)
(Assam). Distinguished from Chelonomorplia Motsch. especially by the absence
of a conical processus from the forehead ; from Tminetalia Jord. by vein 2 of the
forewings being i-emote from 3, and by the hairy first and second joints of the palpi ;
from Fleta Jord. by the position of vein 3 of the forewings again, by the much
larger areole and the straight upper discocellular veinlet to the hindwing. Tlie cell
of the hindwings is longer than in the allied genera.

Besides dentafrix Westw. two more species come in this genus: E. victrix
(We.stw.) and m-ieutalis (Butl.). < lur sei'ies of E. victrix (Westw.) confirms Hampson's
statement, Moths of India II. p. loO. n. 1556 (1894), that silhetensis (Butl.) and
i jjrianthina (Butl.) are not specifically different ft-om victrix (Westw.). K. .1.

Crinala Jord. gen. nov.

S . Palpi hairy, except third joint ; the latter very short, about half as long again
as broad (c?). F"'orehead with obsolete circular ridge, without conical processus.
Tibiae naked. Hindwings above clothed with hairs e.vcept near outer margin.

Neuration : forewings with the areole longer than half the breadth of cell at
apex; vein 3 from before hinder angle of cell, 4 nearer to 5 than to 3; .second
partition of median nervure longer than the respective portion of the outer margin.
Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 close together, but not stalked : ;econd i)artition of
median nervure longer than lower discocellular veinlet ; discocellulars together
slightly curved.

Type: ('riinda mimetica. Ixothsch. sp. nov.

The short terminal joint of the paljii, and vein 3 of the forewings standing a
millimetre short of the ape.x of the cell, distinguish this genus at once from
its allies. K. .1.

( 3« )

lii. Crinala mimetica Ivotli.soii. sji. nov.

Mai,e. — Uiqjersiile : fon-niiigs lilacki^li luowii, witli the usual Mue spots in cell
and on disrocellular?. All the discoidal and median nervules, and tiie sul)co>tal, are
white from the cell to alxjut half their length: there is a white streak un the sub-
median fold, and another on the sulniiedian vein. These streaks form a liand similar
to that of .l/((.ssc^/i( moilteirona liutl. and /'Acs/*- nulian-i (Feld.) ; tiiis resemhlanee
induces me to call the insect mimetica, thougli, of course, it is not a case of so-called
'• mimicry." Hindwiugs dark brown, with a distinct velvety black gloss produced by
long hairs. There are some very faint submarginal white lines on the nervures, and
the fringes of lx)th jiairs of wings are white, slightly s])riiikled with black scales,
mostly on the front wings.

Underside: forewings chocolate-brown, willi faint traces only of white scales on
the nervules. Hindwings as above.

Hinder edge of head, collar, palja, e.xcept third joint, all co.xac. four anterior
femora, underside of anterior tibiae and of abdomen orange; rest of body bluish black.
Expanse : forewing AM 20 mm. ; K.M 17 mm. ; PM 20 mm.
hindwing „ 20 „ ; ,. 17 „ ; „ 13 ,.

Hah. X. Luzon (.lohn Whitehead); 1 6. W. T?.

Crinocula .lord. gen. nov.

(J ?. l'ali>i hairy; hairs of third joint, which is about half as long again as
broad, spai'se and shorter. Eyes clothed with hairs, l-'orehead devoid of a conical
processus. Femora anil abdomen, especially beneath, rough with long hairs.

Neuration : forewings with minute ai-eole; vein 3 close to 4 ; second partition of
median nervure shorter than the respective portion of outer margin. Hindwings with
second partition of median nervure scarcely as long as the lower discoeellular veinlet,
which is slightly longer than the upper one and is more oblique; veins 3 and 4
from angle of cell.

Type : Crinocnla kinabaiuensis Kothsch. sp. now

Distinguished from all Agaristids known to me bv the hairv eyes. K. ,1.

13. Crinocula kinabaiuensis Rothsch. sp. nov.

M.\LE and VFMAhE.—Upperside: forewings black, with very faint indications of
the usual blue spots. A very narrow oblique band of cream-colour crosses the forewing
just outside cell from the costal vein to the lower median nervure. Hindwings black,
with a large discal rufous orange patch extending from about centre of cell to half-
way between cell and outer margin, and from abdominal margin to near costal \ein ;
this patch is rounded anteriorly, and emarginate behind lower median vein.

Underside as above, but band of forewings extends farther and is half as wide
again, and at the base are white scales and retinaculum is yellow, while discal ]iatch
of hindn-ings extends to the liase. where it is paler, and reaches anteriorly from the
base to middle of costa.

L'pperside of head and thorax black, with many grev hairs. I'alpi whitish, as
also a ring round eyes. Hest of body below yellow, including legs. Abdomen above
darker yellow, with black middle line. Claspers of S entirelv black.

Expan.se: forewing .\M 18 mm.; I'.M 11 mm.; P.M 13 mm.
hindwing,, 13 „ ; „ 12 „ ; „ 10 „

Hub. Kina ]5alu, X. Borneo; 1 c{. 1 ? (obtained from Messrs. Staudinger «&
l'.ang-Haas). \\'. I{,

( •'- )

Scrobigera .lord. gi^n. nov.

c? ? . Foi-elicad without distinct i-ouical jiroeessus. Palpi liairy, exi-('))t leniiiDal
joint, which is more than three times as long as broad. Femora hairy.

J with a longitudinal middle fold to tiie hindwings densely tilled with long
hairs ; anal segment very large.

Xeuration: t'orewing with vein o arising before the apex of cell; interspace
between :i and 4 twice as wide as that between 4 and 5. Discocellnlar veinlets
to hindwings arched, forming together an angle the point of whicli is directed
towards tlie outer margin ; vein 5 originating from this point; the fold of median
cell is forked, and bv joining the discocellulars circumscribes together with tliem
a rhoniboidal space; veins 3 and 4 either together from angle of cell — amatrix
(VVestw.), or 3 before the apex of ceW—dijineiie (Boisd.).

Type : Scobigera avmtrix (Westw.), ('(ib. Or. Ent. p. G8. t. 33. f 4 (1848) (Assam).

Easilv recognised by vein 3 of the forewings arising before ajiex of cell, and
by the peculiar form of the discocellnlars of the hindwings.

Other species of this genus are : —

Scrobir/era alboiiuirrjinata (Moore), jldciciJiata (Hoisd.), senqieri (Keld.), cl'/inene
(Boisd.), hei^perioides (Wlk.), and ndcania (Butl.). B. albonumjinata (Moore) and
opheltes (l)ruce) (syn. : ciiiididemarginala I'onj.) are not separable as species, as
there exist all iutergradations between the two forms; the Andaman specimens have
apparently the white border ne\er so widi' as it occurs amongst Burmese examples ;
opheltefi (Druce) has to stand as aberration of idbomarfjinata (.Moore).

S.flaviciUala (Boisd.) is unknown to us.

■\Vith ^. semperi (Keld.) (1874), based on a feiiude, Swinhoe's iiulioiiaUl, Cat.
Lcp. llel. Oxf. I. p. 162. n. 754. t. 5. f. 2 (1892), described from a male, is identical.

S. dymene (Boisd.) varies consideraljly in the size of the markings on the
fore\ving : in the Java specimens the two median s^wts are usually well separated at
the median vein, but sometimes they touch one another; in ^Malacca specimens the
spots are slightly separated ; in Burmese and Assamese examples the spots form an
uninterrupted, but at the veins constricted, band ; these latter specimens are^\■alker's
proxiiiui, which I must treat as a subspecies of dymene (Boisd.).

The spot in the apical half of the forewing of S. dymene (Boisd.) has disapiieared
from the upperside in the Bornean representative, which I identify with Butler's
pidchra, Ann. Mag. N: H. (4). XA'. p. 143. t. 13. f. 4 (1875). Butler gives as
habitat of jnddira Muhrut, India; Hampson, Maths of India II. p. 150 (1894),
writes " VMeerut." In the Triug Museum are certa.hifem.ale8 from Borneo which
agree very well with the figure and description of pulchra. The fringe of the
hindwings of pvldira is said to be white; none of our specimens have it entirely
white, liut our series of S. dymene (Boisd.) includes examples with the fringe all
white and others with the fringe all black, so that the extent of white at the fringe
is certainly not of specitic value in these forms. Therefore I do not hesitate to
consider the haliitat "Mnlirut, India," as erroneous, the more so as the Britisli
Museum did nol receive the tyjic of j ml clira dirvclly from tlie colleclor, but got
it as a " second-hand specimen."

Oil I hi' vmderside of the forewings of puldira there is only one band as above,
or tliere appears another, short and -linear, )iaud outside the cell between the
subcostal and upper median veins, eillicr well marked or faint, sejiarHted from the
median band or connected witli it in IVoiil and bebiiid ; in oue fi'inalc this additional

(o8 )

hand, whicli eorresjwnds to the subapic-al short baud ou tlie upperside iu cly)iusne
(Boisd.), is represented aljove by a uiiinbcr of white scales, and this confirms my
opinion that ciyiaene and pidckra are very closely allied insects and perhaps will
be proved one dav to be geographical forms of the same species.

The iiiidex iu the Triug Museum vary, moreover, in the length ami width of the
orauge-red patch to the hindwings. In one 'male the portion of the patch before
the longitudinal fold is reduced to a j)oint, in a second specimen it is a little larger,
aid in a third it is still larger and of half the size of that iu Oberthiir's tigure of
his Episleme staudiu;jeri. El. d'Eni. XIX. p. 22. t. 3. f. 15 (1894j (Kina Halu), and
increases iu other example- gradually till it reaches the size of the patch of Oberthiir's
figure. The male specimen.s with the i)atch to the hindwings smallest agree well
with some North Kornean fenudes in our collection, which themselves do not differ
from Swiuhoe's figure of the type of .S\ Itenperloides (W'lk.j iu Cat. Lep. Met. O.ef. I.
\>. 162. t. 5. f. 3 (1892). Though we have in the Tring Museum no inlergraduates
between hesperioides (Wlk.) and pidckra (Butl.) in the female se.x, but only in the
male sex, I must treat the e.xamples with large orauge-red patch to the hindwings
and those with a small patch as mere aberrations of one sj)ecies, of wiiich the eldest
name is hesperioides (VVlk.j. The synonymy of »S. hesperioides (Wlk.) is therefore
as follows : —

Scrobi(fera fiesperioides (Wlk.).

Euseiiiiu hesperioides Walker, Jmini. l.inii. Sue. Loud. VI. p. 8G (18G2) (Sarawak).
? . Eusemia tricolor Butler, Ami. Mag. N. H. (4). XV. p. 142 (187o) (Sarawak).

nh. pidckra (Butl); patch tu hindwings broader than in the typical form.

?. Kusemia piilc/ini Butler, /.<;. p. 143. 1. 18. f. 4 (1875) ("Muhrut, ludhi," loc. err.).
J ?. Eusemia stand iiKjeri Oberthiir, Et. d'Eiil. XIX. p. 22. t. 3. f. 15 (J) (1801)
(Kina Balu).

K. .1.

14. Scrobigera niveifasciata Rothsch. sp. nov.

Fe.\i.\le. — Upperside : all four wings black; anterior pair with an oblique white
transverse band crossing the wings from the costa almost to the inner angle, stopping
short just on the submedian nervure. This band is straight and crosses the cell
1 millimetre short of the apex, and has a breadth of 3 millimetres at each end and 2 on
the disc ; one blue spot on discocellular nervules and another inside the band. Fringe
white at apex of anterior and posterior wings.

Underside same as above, the band being identical in shape and jjosition, but
the two blue spots absent.

Head, thorax, and abdomen above black : head edged all round with white ring ;
palpi, legs, and middle of underside of abdomen orange, slightly sprinkled with brown
on top joint of palpi and upperside of tibiae and tarsi.

The hindwings are suddenly emarginate lietwcen lower discoidal and upper
median uervure.s.

Expanse : forewing AM 32 mm. ; KM l!ii nun. ; I'.M 24 mm.
hindwing ,, 24 „ ; ,,21 ,, ; ,. 1.) „
IfaL •• Borneo" ; 1 ? (ex Coll. Kelder).

'ihi-i species differs especially from semperi (iM'ld.) in the ni\uli narrower band to
forewings, which is the .same above and below and is white instead of orange, by the
absence of the blue glo.ss to hindwings and abdomen, by the le.';? extent of white fringe
to hindwings, and bv tlie entirelv vellow legs and under.side of abdomen. W. H.

( -i» )

lo. Burgena chalybeata Kothscli. sp. nov.
Mali:. — Uijjjerslde : forewings liUu-k, with an intense and brilliant blue gloss
in side light, washed over with a glittering metallic- fiery sheen. A little away from
the base there is a band of lavender-blue. 6 millimetres wide at the costal and
4 at the inner margin. Hindwings same colour, but without markings.

Underside : forewings as above, but bar wanting, and three small spots of ])ale
blue, one in apex of cell, the two others bordering ai)ex of cell.

Palpi black with a white side line; head black with white border to eye. Hairs
of coxae and femora ochraceous ; rest of body black with a blue gloss.

Expanse: forewing AM 22 mm. ; KM 14 mm. ; I'M 1.3 mm.
,, hindwiug ., 15 ,, ; ,, 13 ,, ; ,, 10 ,,

Hah. New Britain (Capts. Cotton & Webster); Ij. \\ . K.

Hi. Burgena amoeua Kothsch. sp. nov.

Fem.\le. — Upperside : forewings similar to B. chalybeata, mihi, but the metallic
sheen more green and less fiery ; a pale blue spot beyond the centre of cell ; a
discal bandiike patch crosses the wings between the subcostal vein and the inner
margin, ■! millimetres wide in centre, which is white, while at each end the band is
pale blue. Hindwings unicolorous, deep greenish blue, as in chalybeata.

Underside as above, but the gloss is much less strong and the spot in cell is not
lound but linear, and the bandlike patch is of uniform width, wliile above it is
much constricted towards the subcostal vein.

Paljii, head, thorax, legs, and abdomen as in chalybeata, as is expanse.

Hah. Kinnigunang, New Britain (Ribbe) ; 1 ? .

I have described this species as distinct from chalybeata, because in the genus
liitrtjeaa no case of sexual dichromism is known ; and certainly there is in the family
Aijaristidae no such extreme case as this would be. ^^'. i\.

Cruria Jord. gen. nov.

d ? . Forehead with a conical processus bearing a strong circular riilge. Antennae
slender, very feebly thickened between middle and tip, scarcely longer than half the
length of the forewing. Terminal joint of palpi naked, at least four times as long as
broad; rest of palpi hairy, but hairs not longer than third joint. Legs very slender,
tibiae naked.

Neuration : forewings with \ein lU nearer to 9 than to the areole ; vein :j from
below apex of cell, 4 nearer to 5 than to 3 ; second partition of median uervure longer
than the respective portion of the outer margin. Hindwings with both discocellulars
oblique; vein 3 distinctly from before angle of cell: second i)artition of median
uervirre of the length of the lower discocellular veinlet.

Type: Cruria donmvani (Boisd.), Voy. Ai<trolal)e, Lep. p. 17(>. u. 7 (1832)
(Australia).

Easily distinguished from Phalaenoides Lewin liy vein 1(» of the forewings
being stalked with 8 and d. The females are generally <larker than the viales in this
genus, and seldom have the costal margin of tin- forewings ochreous, as it is in the
males.

I refiT to (Jriiria the following species: doiioivani (Boisd.), iwptioides
(l>utl.), darwiiiienslx (Butl.), and tropica (Luc). Proc. Linn. Sue. X S. II. (2).
\'l. [>. 302 (1891) (Tropical Queensland).

( l" )

\N'ith C. tropica (Lue.^ is identical Ai/arista plalyxautha .Meyr., 7V. R. Soc.
S. Aunlr. XIV. 1.. 194 (1891) (Queen:<lancl).

Mevrick, ^c, mentions an ^l(/rt»'is<rt kochi which I fail to fintl i)ul)lislicd anywhere.

AVilliam Doherty obtained a pair of C'ruria donotvani (Boisd.) in Dili, Timor,
in !May 1891, which agree so well with typical donmvani that we cannot even sul>-
specifieally separate them from Australian exanijiles. IC. J.

Comocrus .lord. gen. nov.

S ?. Korehead with a short conical i)rocessu^: bearing a circular ridgo. I'alpi
with long hairs, except third joint, which is about four times as long as liroad. All
the tibiae tufted with long hairs. Breast and abdomen rough with long hairs.

Xeuration : forewiugs with \eiu 10 from nearer to 9 than to arcolc ; vein 9 of about
double the length of the stem of 8 and 9; vein 3 from a little before apex of cell, 4
nearer to 5 than to 3 ; second partition of median nervure longer than the respecti\e
portion of the outer margin. Ilindwings with upper discocellular veinlet arched,
shorter than the second one, which is oblique and straight ; second partition of median
nervure as long as lower discocellular veinlet ; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell.

Type: Vomocrm cortorlus (Wlk.), Lep. lid. li. .1/. XXXI. p. 4.3 (I8(i4)
( .\ustralia).

Distinguished from the allied genera by the tibiae liearing long luiirs at the
outer edge ; from A(jarii<Ui, Leach and Pladaenoides Lew. it diflers in vein 10 to the
forewings being stalked witii 8 and 9, instead of coming from the areole as in those
genera. K. .1.

The Indo-Australian genera with vein lU of the forewings being stalked with
8 and 9 can be distinguished as follows : —

({. Third joint of palpi twice as long as broad, or shorter.
«'. E\'es clothed with hairs. Grinocxda Jord. gen. nov.
6'. Eyes naked. Crinala Jord. gen. nov.
b. Third joint of palpi three (or more) times as long as broad.

c'. ^Middle and hind tibiae with long hairs. Comocrus .lord, gen. nov.
d'. Middle and hind tibiae without long hairs.

((■'. A'einlike fold within cell to Ilindwings forked, joined to the disco-
celhdar veinlets, and encircling together with them a rhomboidal
space. Scrubiijera Jord. gen. nov.
W. Veinlike fold not forked.

a'^. Forehead with a conspicuous trnui'ale cone.

((*. Abdomen above at base with tuft of hairs; discocellular
veinlets to hindwings deeply concave, lower one longer
than the second partition of the median nervure.
Uhdonornorpha Jlotsch.
b'. Abdomen above at base without tuft of hairs; discocellular
veinlets to hindwings feebly incurved ; lower discocel-
lulai nervule not longer than the second partition of the
median nervure. Chiiria Jord. gen. nov.
?)'. Forehead convex, without conical processus,

c'. Antennae only one-tifth siiorter than the forewing.

Burgena ^\'ik.
ff. Antennae one-third shorter than the forewing.

( 41 )

"■'. Second joint of i>al|ii willi ^lioil liniis. /iiiinetdlin

.lord. gen. no\'.
6'\ Hairs of second joint of pal[ii as long as third joint.
«". Second partition of median nervure to forewings
longer than the respectixe portion of the outer
margin. Exsula Jord. gen. nov.
6''. Second partition of median nervure to forewings
shorter than the i-espective portion of the outer
margin. Flela Jord. gen. nov.

Some more genera will in future come in this groui), one for Afjarisia dariia
Druce, Ann. Marj. X. H. ((1). XIV. 22 (189.5), and another perhaps for Aei/ucera
ti-ipiuilt(i Kirby, which species has, according to liamp.son's figure in 1'. Z. S. 1892.
p. 191, vein 10 of the forewings .stalked with 7, 8, and 9.

About Hecatesia Koisd. see \k 51- K'. .1.

/. Aiiiericait forms tvlt/t vi^ni 1(( of /lie furetvtinjv stulLrd n-itk 8 (tml 9.

Here belong only three genera: (Mlirhi We,-t\v., wilh (J. kikjIiis (\\. S.) as tvpo,
Easchirropferiie Grote, and a new one.

Olhria amalihen (Dalm.) and columhlua Westw. La\e vein 10 of the forewiug
arising from the areole, according to Westwood, and belong thei^efore to the genus
Phads WW.

Of Euschirropterus poe)/i (irote we ba\e a male fi'om Jamaica, cajitured by
C. B. Taylor, which agrees with our only (.'uban .specimen, but is somewhat smaller.

Laquea .lord. gen. nov.

?. Forehead as broad as the eyes are high, faintly narrowed beliind (?), conve.K,
without horn, but with sulicircular ridge. Antennae slender, slightly thickened
towards tip, joints well marked under a lens. Second and third joints of palpi with
long hairs, third joint about twice as long as broad (?). ■\Hddle and hinder tiliiae
with long hairs at the outer side. First joint of posterior tarsi visibly curved.

Xeuratiou : forew-ings with vein 10 stalked with 8 and 9, stalk short; 9 origin-
ating much nearer to 10 than to middle of 8 ; 6 from areole, not from cell; second
partition of median nervure of the length of the respective iJOition of the outer margin.
Hindwings with second partition of median ner\ ure of half the length of the lower
discocellular veinlet.

Type: Laquea aiyeulata. (Drucej, Ann. Maij. X. II. ((i). XIV. p. 23 (1894)
(.Mexico).

Comes nearest to Eauchirropleru.^ Grote, but is easily distinguished by vein 10
ol the forewing originating between areole and vein 9, whereas in Euschirvopterua
(note vein 10 branches off from 9 as in Hecatesia 6, which is cpiite au e.xcejition
amongst the Afjaristidae. Eutkisanotia Hb., to which genus argenlatu has been
referred by the author, has vein 10 arising from the areole.

We have only Jamaica specimens before ns, wliich agree very well wilh typical
anjentata from Central America, except in the border to the hinihvings being slightlv
narrower near the anal angle than in Druce's specimens.

Laiinea aiyentaia (Ih-uce) bears a rather close I'esemblance to Cop/idryas ijloveri
G. i^ I\,, which species has, however, a long frontal horn and vein 10 arising from the
areole. K. .?

( 42 )

2. Vein lit of forewiw/s arising froru m-eole (for 1 see p. 30).

Here come more than lialf the number of the !-i)ecies of Aijoristidae, and most
of the ^^l)ec•ie!^ seem structurally so closely allied that it is very ditiieult to give a
di-limitatiou of the genera.

;/. Africiiiifwiiisicilh vein H) front the areole.

Hainpson, Moths of India II. \>. 149 (1894), diflferentiates A&jocero, Latr, and
Mimeusemia Butl. from the other Indian Agaristido.e by the absence of vein 5 from
I he hindwings. This .'■tatement, I think, is eiToneous. In all our sj)ecimens of
Aeijocera and Mimeusemia that vein is jjresent. Karsch's Aetiiiopian genus
Aegocerophis, Ent. Xachr. 1895. j). 348, said to be distinguishable from Aefjocera
Latr. by the presence of vein 5 on the hindwings, must accordingly sink as a synonym.

Aegocera norma Karsch, I.e., is, as the author has already suggested, the same
i\9 A. affi-nis Druce, Ent. M. Mag. XX. p. 1.9.5 (1883), according to the dpscrii>tion
and figure of norma and the type-specimen of afhnis Druce. The middle and hinder
tibiae of affinia Uruce and fervida Wlk. are on the upperside clothed with long hairs.

In the Tring Museum is a male of Misa memnonia Karsch, I.e., from Katiiurst,
^^'est Africa, which agrees perfectly with Karsch's description and figure of the
female, but has the white baud on the forewings above of even width.

Of Miaa deliela (Butl.), described as a Massaga and .standing under tiiis genus
in Kirby's Catalogue, we have four males and thi-ee females from Accra, (jold
Coast. lihe^K females, which structurally differ from i\\e males in the slender and
long terminal joint of the palpi, agree well with those desci-ibed (as (piery fem/des of
delicia) by Aurivillius in Ent. Tidskr. 1892. p. 186, and confirm the statement of
the learned author that in the female of delicia the outer edge of the band on the
forewings is not strongly augulate, and that the band on the hindwings is wider than
in the other sex.

Karsch, I.e., p. 348, says of his new genus Mitophrys : " N'ein 2 of the hindwings
originating very close to vein 3." This statement, I think, is incorrect, as it does not
apply to the type of the genus, .1/. 'ineuete (Cram.), tbe second ])artition of median
nervure being longer than the lower discocellnlar veinlet in this insect, while in all
the other .-species refen-ed to Mitophrys bv the author, as far as 1 could examine them,
that partition is much shorter than the veinlet [trimeai (Keld.), tricolor (Druce),
tigrina (Druce), halans Karsch] ; M. rvhidu (Feld.) agi-ees in this re.spect with
nienete (Cram.). The forehead of the males of Mitophrys Karscli is said by Kar-sch
to be narrowed behind. This, again, is not correct, as it does not apply to the tvpe
of the genus, M. menete (Cram.). .Moreover, the narrowed forehead is met with in
the males of several species which are referred by Karsch to Aegoceropsis Karsch =
Aegoeei-a l.,atr., namely in A. norma Karsch (tyi)e of Aegocfropsis Karsch, and =
iiffvivis Druce_), fervida Wlk., ohliqua Mab., and also in the Indian Aegocera
bimacida Wlk., not in A. venulia (Cram.) and rectilinea Boisd. The third and last
character by which Mitophrys is differentiated by the author from the allied genera
is the slenderness of the antennae. As, however, the antennae of Aegocera venidia
(Cram.) iiml rectilinea, Boisd. are in either .<ex decidedly thicker llian in A.ferviila
Wlk. and oliiif/iia Mab., it is very difficult to draw a parting line between sections
13 and 18 of Karsch's key to the Aethiopian genera, and we are, in fact, i|uite at
a loss to say whether the new sj)ecies described below stands better in Mitophrys
Karscli or in Aegocera Latr. There may be generic differences between the type-

(43 )

species of Aef/ocerd, Latr.. Aeijoceropsis Karscli, and Mitojjlirys Karscli, but tbose
which Kar;>ch give;^ are partly not prominent enough (form of antennae), partly
incorrect (absence of vein 5 from hindwing:*, narrowness of forehead in front of
antennae in J, position of vein 2 to hindwings).

Aeyocera de<jantnl<i Mali., Ann. Soc. Ent. Bely. 1893. j). 56 ; 'Slab. & A'uill.,
Xov. Lejj. 12. p. 157. I. 22. f. 2 (1895), is nothing else but A. triraeni Feld. with the
discal area of the hindwings pure white; in typical irimeni the hindwings are
slightly tinged with orange ; in tricolor Druee they are orange. These three forms
occur together in Xatal, and are certainly not specifically dififerent, as intergrada-
tions pro\e.

Mitoplirys fubricala Karsch, Erd. Xachr. 1895. p. 355. t. 2. f. 4, from " Jsieder-
Guinea," is based on a specimen of Aegocero tigrina Druce with the marginal region
of the forewings black instead of reddish brown. In the figure of tigrina the thorax
and base of abdomen are unicolorous ; this is the case only in strongly nibbed
specimens. Tig'rino has the same dark thorax striped with white, and the same
black dorsal line to the abdomen, which we find mentioned in the careful description
of fabriaitct ; but the abdomen of fahricata is said to be yellow with a black dorsal
line ; oiu- good specimens of tigrina have the posterior segments black, edged with
white. Judging from the photograph of the only specimen of fabricata which Karsch
ix)ssessed when he described the species, this specimen is rather wora, and there-
fore the difference in the colom' of the abdomen of fttbrimta and tigrina could
very weD be due to the bad condition of the type of fabricata. The markings of the
forewings are in om- series of thirteen specimens so variable that the differences
shown in this respect by the figures of tigrina Druce and fahricata Karsch are of no
importance whatever. One of our thirteen specimens has the marginal region of the
forewings coloured Mke fahricata Karsch; all the others, mostly from the same place
(Gaboon), have it like tigrina Druce. The small white spot between the lower
median nervules to the forewings stands often isolated, as in the type of tigrina Druce;
sometimes it is merged together with the subapical baud, as in fahricoAa Karsch : and
in one of om' specimens it is absent. The linear white mark at the apex of the cell
is in some cases three times as broad as in others. The submediau yellowish band is
often dilated at the submediau nerviire, as in Karsch's figure : sometimes it is of even
breadth and does not reach that vein ; in other examples it is club-shaped, as in
Druce's figure. On account of the marginal region to the forewings being black,
fahricata Karsch might be kept separate as an indi\idual aberration of tigrina
Druce, unless it could be proved by the presence of characters not mentioned in the
description and not to be seen in the figm-e that it is distinct. K. .1.

l~ Aegocera dispar liothsch. sp. nov.

ilALE. — All four wings black. Forewings with a minute white dot at the base.
A triangular white patch one-fourth from the base extends obliquely fi-om below the
costa to the submediau vein, not quite 3 millimetres in breadth at the wridest
point. One-third from the apex the forewings are crossed by a second oblique white
band, 2 millimetres in breadth, which extends from the costal ner\-ure to the second
median vein. Near the white basal dot below the costa is a small patch of blue
scales; a linear spot of blue is situated just l)eyoud the middle of the cell, and a
longer one on the discocellular veinlets. There is also an indistinct blue line outside
the subapical white liand, and anotlier along the lower median vein, a few scattered
blue scales being also on the submediau vein. Hindwings with a large di-ciil white

( \4 )

imtch, whifli extend.'' IVoiu near tlie base lo liall'-way between the cell and the outer
margin, gi-adually widening out as it approaches the margin ; its outer eilge is strongly
convex, indented at the lower median vein, and is limited on one side by the suteostal
vein and on the other by the submedian fold.

Vndrrmde of wings as above, but without blue scales.

Body black; [lalpi, except the black tip of first joint, head, prothorax, and a
few hairs on each side of the anterior ])art of niesothorax, also anterior coxae and
inner side of first pair of legs, golden orange.

Femalk. — Larger than male. 8ul)liasal white patch almost or cntirt'ly wanting;
hindwings black, and extreme tip of alxloinen yellow.

Expanse: forewing, S, A.M 20 mm. ; KM 11 nun.; I'M 1-1 mm.
.,?,., 23 ,. : „ 14 ., : „ 17 „
„ hindwing, S, ,, 1-1 ,. ; .. 1-5 „ ; ,,11 „

?, „ IT ,. : „ Ij „ ; „ 13 „

Hah. ^^'assein, K. .Mrica (.Mathews, April 188U); 1 <?, 3 $.

The antennae are thicker and in the cJ less |)ointed than in A. in^iide (Cram.),
but thinner than in venidia (Cram.). Vein 2 of the hindwings stands as close to
vein 3 as in ..4. trimvai Feld. The terminal joint of the jialpi is shorter than in
iiienele (Cram.). ^^'. K.

18. Hespagarista echione l)oi,-d. ab. funebris Kothsch. ab. nuv.

Difiers from typical echione Hoisd. by the absence of the Inleous spots on both
pairs of wings. That this is only a melanistic aberration of 7/. echione is shown by
the blue spots being in exactly the same i)osition, and the Inteous patches being
indicated by scattered yellow scales. Head, palpi, legs, thorax, and abdomen identical
with typical form.

Hah. Wassein, K. Africa (.Mathews, .\pril 1889); 1 ?. W. K.

I'.i. Rothia simplex liothsch. sp. nov.

Femali:. — Upperside: forewings black, fringe at apex white. .\t a|)ex of cell
the forewings are crossed by an oblique Iiand of creamy white extending from the
subcostal to the submediau nervure. This liand, at its widest part, has a breadth
of 5 millimetres, and at the lower median nervule is 4 millimetres from outer margin.
At the base of the forewings are situated a number of creamy dots and a dull dark
metallic spot. Hindwings black, with fringe white at apex, and with large di.'ical
creamy imtch exteriorly rounded, reaching the costal \ein and the abdominal
margin, where it is 3 millimetres short of the base. Along basal half of costa runs
a creamy streak joined to the discal i>atch. Width of black border 9 millimetres
at vein 7 and 4 millimetres at submedian.

Under/dde: forewings similar, but without the basal spots, and in one of my
two specimens there is situated in the cell a round white spot, while from the ba.se
along the inner margin runs a streak of cream-colour. Hindwings as above, but
di.scal patch extending to base and the black border extending along the co.-^tal
margin to near the base.

Paljii, head, and thorax black, with two, four, and eight white spots respectively.
Underside of thorax, legs, and alKloincn orange-yellow; anal tuft and basal spot

( 45 )

above and bi-low uii I lie preanal spoiiiciil lilark or ncarlv f^o, as well as tlip last
abdoininal segment on iipperside.

K\]iansp : forewing AM 111 nini. ; IvM 17 nun.; I'.M '/,'.'> nun.
hindwing .. 'S.'t ., ; ., 1 H ., ; ,. l.j .,

Ilah. ;\Ioiondava, iSladagascar (l^ist) ; 2 ?.

Differs from R. pales (Boisd.), R. epipalen (Mab.), and R. nilcropnles Kutl. in
the large creamy discal patch on hindwings and the longer terminal joint of palpi.
P>om R. ai/rhis (If.S.) it is distinguished especially by the much larger creamy area
to the hindwings and the entirely yellow upperside of the abdomen. W. K.

20. Rothia lasti Iiolhsch. sp. nov.

]Male. — Uppernklc: forewings black, with one white dot at the liase and two
in the cell. From the .snbco.sta to the lower median vein, a millimetre beyond the
cell, is an oblique transverse white iiafch, the anterior half much narrower than tlie
lower half. At tlie base of the wings are indications of the u.sual bine spots. Hind-
winirs black, with a more or less rounded white discal patch lietween the subcostal
and .submedian veins, greatest width of which is about 5 millimetres. This patch is
often indented along the veins.

Underside as above.

Palpi, head, and thorax lilack, with two, four, and eight wliite spots respectively.
Black liaira of thorax slightly intermixed with orange on e.s ; abdomen black. Hairs
of thorax below and legs orange.

Ivxpanse : (brewing A]\I 19 mm. : KM 1 1 mm. ; P.M \.') mm.
hindwing ,, 15 ,, ; ,, 13 ., ; „ 10 ,.

Hah. Morondava, :\Iadagascar (Last) ; 10 cJ, 3 ?.

All the white markings vary much in size in the inilividual specimens. W. R.

21. Rotliia eriopis H.S. ab. carminata Itothseh. ab. nov.

The yellow disc of hindwings of eriopis is in this aberration bright carmine-red.
This is neither a local nor a .sexual variation, as I have one male and six femalen of
canninata, as well as two males and three females of typical eriopis, all from
Morondava, Madagascar. W. H.

22. Rothia nigrescens Kotlisch. sp. nov.

Mai.K. — Vpperside : forewings black and shaped and marked as in R. siniyra
Westw., bnl till' indentations of white band at the veins are deeper, and llicn" are one
or two small creamy dots in cell. Hindwings black, the fringe spotted with white,
as in R. sea (H.."^.).

Underside as above, bnl distinguishcil at once from all other Rothia by the
entirely black hindwings.

Pali)i, head, and tlionix lilack, spotted as in other Rothia. IIppersidi> of
abdomen black. Underside of body and legs orange; tarsi above black.
Expanse: forewing AM 27 mm.; KM IG mm.; PM 18 nun.
„ hindwing ,.18 ,, ; ., la ,, ; ,, 12 ,.

[lab. .Morondava, .Madagascar (i,asl) ; 3 (J. W. K.

( 46 )

AlTOthia .lord. gen. iiov.

?. Kovpheatl with ;i thin ronical horn raised oblicini'ly forwards anil shai|ilv
trnni'iiteat the tiji ; diameter of liorn at tij) scarcely one-eighth of the breadth of
forehead. Antennae distinctly thickened beyond middle, with the extremity slender,
a little thicker than those of Aegocera titjnwi (Driice). Third joint of |ialpi naked,
almost longer than the second joint (?).

Nenration : vein 9 to forewings arising a little beyond middle of 8 ; veins 3, 4, 5
as in Aegocera l,atr. and Rothia Westw. Second partition of median vein longer
than the respective portion of the outer margin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4
ton-ether from lower angle of cell ; second partition of median nervure shorter than
lower discocelliilar veinlet.

Type : Arrothia hlcolor Rothsch. sp. nov.

Differs from Aef/ocera l,atr. and Rothia Westw. in vein 9 of the forewings
standing bevond middle of vein 8. instead of arising from between middle of 8 and
areole, and in the thin and long horn of the forehead. From I'ah IlUbn. it is dis-
tinguished bv the horn again, and by the long and naked third joint of the palpi ;
from I'ahia ,lord. gen. nov. by the shape of the frontal horn, the jiosition of vein 9
to the forewings, and bv the shorter second ])artiti(in of the median vein of llie
hindwings. K. J.

2;!. Arrothia bicolor Kothsch. sp. nov.

Female. — Upperside -. forewings, basal half huffish yellow, reaching at costal
margin 1 millimetre short of middle, while on inner margin it reaches one-fourth
short of the inner angle ; the outer edge of the yellow area is convex, and from base
of wing to half its extent is much shaded with black scales ; outer half of wing black.
Hindwings similar, but yellow area less shaded with black scales, black area narrowest
behind.

Underside of wings as above, hut yellow area brighter and not shaded witli black
scales.

Antennae, iialjii, head, underside of body, and last two segments of abdomen
black ; upperside of thorax orange and of abdomen yellow.

Kxiianse : forewing AJI 20 mm. ; KAI 11 mm. : I'.M l.i mm.
„ hindwing „ 15 ,, ; „ 13 „ ; ,, 10 ,,

Jfah. Morondava, Madagascar (Last) ; 1 ?. W. K,

Arctiopais Jord. gen. nov.

S ? . Forehead narrowed behind in S, almost parallel in ? , anteriorly convex with
a sharply raised circular ridge, of which tlie diameter is longer than a third the
breadth of the forehead. Antennae thicker than in Aegocera menelf (Cram.), thinner
than in Aegocera renu/irt (Cram.). Palpi long in either sex ; second joint strongly
hairy, third joint naked, about eight times as long as broad, of the length of the
basal joint of the foretarsi in c? and ?. In <^ hindtibiae and -tarsi and long sjutrs
of the former clothed with long hairs; in ? hindtarsi and long spurs of hindtibiae
almost naked.

Neuration : costal nervure to forewing [jarallel to costal margin to a little beytnid
apex of cell, where it rather suddenly turns towards the margin ; vein 10 arising from
between middle and apex of areole; stem of 8.9 short; veins 3, 4, ;j as in Aegocera
Latr. and Rothia Westw. ; second partition of median nervure as long as the resjiective
portion of the outer margin. Hindwings as in Aegocera tnmeni Feld.

( -iv )

Type: Ardiojiidn amhiist,> (Alaliill.'). IhilLSac. h'ul. li'l'j. XXV. p. .i'jdSHl')
Madagascar).

Most nearly relal<'d to those species of Aegocern \/Mr. wliii-li liavi\ in tiip ni(ili\
the front of tlie head narrowed heliind, Imt differs from tlieni in tlic lerminal joint of
the palpi lieing in either sex of eijual Irnglli and as long as the first joint of the
anterior tarsi. The long terminal joint lA' I hi- |ial|ii of ^1. (imhushi nd>lcd .Mahille
to descrihe the insect as a sjiecies of Hyi'sa llh. ! I Tlie hinder tarsi and long s]mrs
of the posterior tibiae being clothed with long hairs seems to be a character pecniiar
to this genns and the American genus Eiixchin-opicnts (irote. In Aci/ocera irvmeni
Feld. and tli/rin(t (Drnee) the liasal joint of the hindtarsi bears in the moles some
long hairs on the n]iperside ; in tlie niiilc oi the only species of the new genus all
the joints are hairy, Imt less di-nsely ^o than the hindtihiae. K. .1.

Paida .bud. gen. no\-.

S ?. Forehead jiroduced into a tripartite horn, of which the middle part is much
longer than the two lateral parts, a little turned upwards and sharjily pointed.
Antennae thinner tlian in Pais lliibn. I'alpi slender, hrst and second joints
moderately hairy, third joint not hairy (a.s it is in iVu'sj, long, four times as long as
broad. Middle and liinder tibiae clothed with long hairs at the njiper- and underside.

Nenration : vein 9 of forewings originating between areole and middle of vein 8;
veins ."5, 4, 5 as in Aei/ocfra. Latr. ; second [lartition of median nervure longer than
the respective portion of the outer margin. Hindwings with veins '.'> and 4 together
from lower angle of cell ; second jiartition of median vein longer than the lower disco-
cellular veinlet.

Type : Piiuhi pulchra, Trimen, Tr. Enl. Soc. Loud. (3). I. p. .524 (IHti;!) (Damara-
land). We have 2 S from "South Africa'' and a ? from ^^'eenen, Natal (caught in
January 1895) of this handsome insect.

Paida differs from Pais Hiibn. in the structure of the head and the long and
naked terminal joint of the pal]ii. From Aerjoccra Latr. and allies the new genus
can easily be distinguished by the horn of the head. K. .1.

24. Godasa rufodiscalis Kothsch. sp. nov.

jMalp;. — Upperside : forewings chocolate-brown, passing into reddish chocolate
towards the margin, covered with a number of small blue jiatches, especially one at
the base behind the costa, one beyond the middle of cell, another on the di.-^co-
cellular veinlets, and three before the submedian vein. There are eight small while
spots close to the outer margin, the last being the largest. Hindwings black, with a
large discal patch, broadest at the abdominal margin, of a bright rufous colour. It
extends anteriorly to the sulimedian vein. The outer black area of hindwings has
a width of 2 millimetres at anal angle and 'i millimetres at the submedian vein ;
the inner edge of rufous patch is indented with black upon the discocellulars.

Utidcrside black-brown. Forewings without any markings, and hindwings
showing rufous ])atch very distinctly as above.

Head, palpi, thorax, legs, first, second, and last segments of abdomen, a series of
dorsal and abdominal spots black ; tip of first and second joints of jialpi, three spots
on the anterior tibiae, and tips of all tarsal joints white. Rest of abdomen yellow.

Kxpanse : forewing AM 20 mm.; lOl II mm.; I'M II mm.
hindwin" „ 14 „ ; ,, II ,, ; ,. It) „

( 48 )

Huh. Madagascar; 1 6-

]'!asily distiiiguisbed from Gorlasa sidm (Falir.^ by the colour and iiatteni. \\'. \\.

This sjipcies differs from Godasa sidae (Fabr.) structurally in voin 7 of the hind-
wings being joined to vein 8 in the ordinary way, as in Episteme liubn., while in
s idae the juncture of those veins takes place farther from the base and the veins
remain close together for more than a millimetre. K. J.

/(. fiido-Austrcdian fm-ms with vein 10 arising from the areole.

Agarista Leach, Zool. Misc. I. i>. o7 (1815).

To this genus I refer only A. agricola Don. (as type of the genus), biforniM
Butl., daemonis Butl., and a new species described below by Mr. Eotbscbild. These
species are characterised by the antennae being strongly clubbed in either se.x, by all
the femora being rough with long hairs, and by some peculiarities in the neuration : —

Tlie in)per discocellular veinlet of the forewings is strongly concave ; the second
partition of the median nervm'e is on the forewing much longer than the respective
portion of the outer margin, and on the hindwing only half the length of the lower
di.<cocellular veinlet ; vein 5 of the hindwings has the base feebly but visibly bent
towards vein 6, while in the allied genera vein o is either straight at liase or faintly
curved towards vein 4. K. J.

2.i. Agarista timorensis liothsch. sp. nov.

c?. Differs from A. (u/ricola Don. in tlie .subapical band of spots being white,
not orange, and in the cellular patch being very narrow. The red band of the hind-
wings is replaced liy a partly obliterated row of whitish spots. Underside shows same
differences.

Hab. Oinainisa, Dutch Timor (W. Doherty, November and December 1891); M.

Eventually, when we possess material from all the lesser Sunda and Papuan
Islands, I feel sure Ar/arista hiformis Butl., ^1. daemonis Butl., and my new
A. tiinoreiMis will all have to rank onl\' as subspecies of A. agricohi Don., but
,it present no intergraduated forms are known. W. li.

Fhalaenoides Lewin, Lep. Ins. lY. S. Wtdes p. 2 (180.5).

Tlio species which are generically identical with Ph. f/h/cin(te Lew., the type of
the genus, differ hom'Agarista Leach in the middle and hinder tibiae being clothed
in nuile and female with long hairs in the middle on the npperside. In neuration
P}((daenoides I.ewin come.s very close to Agarista Leach; the second partition of the
median nervure to the forewings is, however, shorter, that of the hindwings longer
than in Agarista, and vein 5 of the hindwings is at the base straight, or feebl} lient
backwards. The antennae are less clubbed tlian in Agarista, and in the ? much
thinner than in the d . The tibiae are not so hairy in this genus as they are in
Zalif(sa Wlk. [= Seiulyra t^tretch according to Ilanipson, Mollis of India II.
p. l.i.'j (1894)].

Fhalaenoides Leach contains a good many heterogeneous forms which ought
to be removed from this genus. Ph. funebris (Moore) and vithoroides (Leech)— the
latter .stands under Episleme Hb. in Kirby's Oatalogne p. 29. n. 51 — have .setiform
antennae in both sexes, and the terminal joint of the palpi is very short ; in these
characters the two .species (or are they geographical fornis of one species ?) agree with
Zulissa longijjennis (Wlk.). In Ph. megisto (Boisd.), pamphilia (Stoll). goldiei

( 4!) )

(Druce). and the new species deseribod helow, the antennae are also not tliickened
towards apex, and these species differ, moreover, from typical I'haluenoides in the
middle and hinder tibiae, though not naked, bearing no tuftlike clothing of long
hairs in the middle. Phalaenoiiles roeheri (Kibbe), milete (Cram.), nnUalvs (Wlk.),
conferhis (^^'lk.), all under Phalaenoidcs in Kirby's Catalogue, and Episteme parjeji-
stecherl (Rub.) of Kirby's Cat., must be referred to Ophthalmis Hb. on account of
the slender and naked midille and hinder legs which they have in common with
0. lincea (Cram.).

Phalaenoidea ajjinis Boisd. will in I'ntnre come into another (new) genns : tlie
antennae are in the S feebly, but visibly, biserially .serrate ; those of the ? appear to
be simple and setiform, as in PA. fiunebris ]\Ioore.

The male of Phala&noides albamedia (Luc), Proc. Linn. Soc. X S. HVi/ra (2).
VI. p. 301 (1891) (Brisbane), has a peculiar striilulating organ which reminds one
of that of Hecatesia Boisd., but is situate on the hindwings. Within and before the
cell of the hindwings, along the subcostal nervure, the membrane of the wing is
dilated, denuded on the underside, where it forms a deep furrow, covered with one
layer of scales only on the upperside, and transversely ribbed like the vitreou.s mark
in Hecatesiii 6 ; on the forewing there is before and behind the median nervure
a similar, but much less developed, organ. By examining the legs of this species
I found that the first joint of the hinder tarsi is much thicker in the cJ than in
the ?, and is provided above, a little towards the inner side, with a row of obviously
raised transverse ridges, which I did not meet with in the ? , nor anywhere else
amongst Agaristidas, and which, when pressed during flight against the ribbed
membrane of the viti-eous mark, might very well serve to produce a buzzing sound
similar to that observed by Meyrick in Hecatesia fenestrata Boisd. (see Hampson,
P. Z. S. 1892. p. 190). In consequence of the development of that stridulating
organ the anterior part of the cell to the hindwings (between longitudinal fold and
subco.stal nervure) is broader than in other Agaristidae, and hence the u[)per disco-
cellular veinlet longer than the lower one. Notwithstanding that in the other sex the
stridulating organ is entirely absent, the lower discocellular veinlet to the hindwings
is also here visibly shorter than the upper one. a character which one might suppose
to be inherited from the male, or, as iu the d of Ph. glycinae (Don.) without stridu-
lating organ the lower discocellular veinlet is likewise, though almo.st imperceptibly,
shorter than the upper one, at least to be influenced by the presence, in J, of that
vitreous mark.

Vein 5 of the hindwings of albamedia (Luc.) is parallel to vein 4; it is rather
cur\'ed at two-thirds of its length from the outer margin, and thence becomes
straight. The hindtibiae are without long hairs in the middle. The ba.sal third
of the co.stal margin of the forewings is in either sex more dilated than in any other
species of Phalaeaoides Lewin. The spines of the fir.st joint of the hinder tarsi are
less developed in the 6 than in the ?. K. .1.

20. Phalaenoides inconspicua Kothsch. sp. nov.

Differs from P. golJu-: (Drucej, An,,. Mag. N. H. (G). X\\. p. 21 (1894), in
the following characters: —

It is somewhat larger; the apices of both fore- and hindwings are black, not
white. The oblique white patch on forewings is broader and has a .strong projection
at lower angle of cell ; the small white spot in the cell is wanting, as are also the blue

4

( 50 )

dots at the base. Cln the hindnings the white discal jiatch is about three times the
size of that in P. goldlei, aud, unlike in that species, reaches the abdominal margin.
Collar and shoulders edged with grey, not \-ellow ; abdominal tuft black above, jjale
buff below, not entirely orange, as in goldiei. Underside of abdomen all white, not
banded, as in the other species. Terminal joint of palpi shorter.

Ilab. Humboldt Bay, Dutch New Guinea (W. Doherty, September aud October
1892); 1 <J. W- R-

In this species the second partition of tlie median nervure to the hindwings is of
half the length of the lower discocellular veinlet. The antennae are not thickened
towards the apex. The forehead is somewhat jiroduced and bears a subcireular ridge.
The third joint of the palpi is longer (d) than the forehead is broad. K. J.

27. Ophthalmis basalis Kothsch. sii. nov.

Fe.male. — Upperside : forewings diiier from O. niAdatus (^^ ll<.) in having a row
of three white subbasal spots instead of two, and in the two central white spots being
much larger, that between the lower median and submediau veins having a length of
4 and a breadth of 3 millimetres. Hindwings are at once distinguishable ft-om those
of all allied forms by the presence of a large white basal area ; this area does not
quite reach either the base or the apex of cell between costa and median vein, being
here 5 millimetres wide, while between the median vein and abdominal margin it
reaches from the base to withiu 5 millimetres of the outer margin at the lower
median vein, including a black dot just behind the latter vein.

Underside shows a faint line connecting the lowest subbasal spot and the lower
of the two central spots. Middle of underside of abdomen yellow; otherwise similar
to 0. mutatus (Wlk.). Size somewhat larger than that of 0. muiatus (\Mk.).

Ilab. Mangola, Sulla Islands (Dr. Platen) ; 1 ? . W. K.

28. Mimeusemia perakana Kothsch. sp. nov.

?. Differs from J/. albicUia Hamps., Moths of Jndla. II. p. Kii) (18'J1), in the
more reddish maroon groimd-colour of forewings, in tlie larger and more ol)lique
subbasal white patcli, which is more than twice as broad Ijcfore submedian vein than
at the costa ; the two median patches are joined together to form au uninterrupted
band. On the hindwings the baso-abdominal area is pure white, while the discal
white spot is larger than in albiciim and on the underside is connected witli basal
area by a long white streak. Basal black patch on abdomen much extended.

Ifab. Padang Kengas, Perak ; 1 ? . W. K.

Agarista serayron H.S. is most nearly related to the species standing under
Mimeusemia Butl., and ought to be referred to that genus. Mimeusemia Butl. is
scarcely separable from Fhalaenoides Lewin in the present extent of the latter. In
the typical species of Mimeusemia, in M. jjersimilis Butl. from Ja]ian, the second
jiartition of the median vein to the forewings is decidedly longer than in peslnca
Moore and the otlier species.

Hampson, Molhs of India II. \>. 155 (1894), says of the genus Zalissn ^\'lk.
(= Seiuhjra Stretch ace. to Ilampson) that the terminal joint of the palpi is very
short, and that the tibiae are without spines. The first character applies only to
%. longi])ennis Moore and perhaps some allied species, while in other species, for

( -31 J

example in Z. noctuina (Bull.) from Japan, the third joint of the paljii is very long;
in the ? of Z. trmisiens (Wlk.) it is at least four times as long as broad, and can,
therefore, hy no means be called short. The second character, if its meaning is
" tibiae without spurs," is stated by mistake, I think ; all the species of Zulissa which
we have possess the usual spurs to the tibiae. The position of vein 7 to the fore-
wings, which Hampson has incorrectly made use of in the key to the Indian genera
of Aguristidcte, is variable in Zalissa ; it originates either from tlie apex of the
areole, or, in specimens of the same species—/, e. trtaisiens (Wlk.) — is stalked with 8
and 9. K. J.

Longicella .Tord. gen. no\'.

6 ?. forehead with a short conical truncate processus; diameter of subcircular
ridge one-third or less tlie breadth of forehead. Antennae feebly thickened towards
apex in (J, almost filiform in ?, with the tip very slender. Second joint of palpi
with the hairs not longer than the third joint ; the latter naked, longer than the
forehead is broad, about four times as long as liroad. Jliddle and hind tibiae not
clothed with long hairs.

Neuratiou : vein 3 of forewings from before angle of cell ; second partition of
median nervure longer than the respective portion of the outer margin. Hindwiugs
with vein o also from before angle of cell ; second partition of median nervure longer
than the lower discocellular veinlet ; vein 5 shorter than the cell is long.

Type: Lo-mjicdla mollis (Walker), Lep. lid. B. M. VI [. p. 1774 (1856) (East
Indies and Malacca).

Diflers from all allies in vein 3 of either wing arising from before the apex of the
cell, and in vein o to the hindwings being shorter than the median cell is lono-
(measured along the middle fold).

L. decipiens (Butl.), Ann. Mwj. X. H. (5). XIV. p. 34 (1884) (Nias), is only
a subspecies of L. mollis (Wlk.) and occm-s in Nias and Sumatra; the extent of the
black spots is so variable that mollis and decipiens run into one anothei-.

L. ladifera (Boisd.), Spec. Gen. I. t. 14. f. 4 (1836) (Java), belongs in this new
genus ; it has at first sight a different appearance, but the markings correspond in
position very well with those oi' luollis (Wlk.). K. .1.

Hecatesia Hoisd., Mon. Zijij. p. 11 (1829).

The figures which ^\'estwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2). I. p. 199. t. 33. f . 1 e
(1877), and Hampson, P. Z. S. 1892. p. 190. f. 2, give of the peculiar neuration of
the male of H. fenestrata Boisd. do not agree with one another. I have compared
our eighteen male specimens of fenestrata Boisd. and thjiridion Boisd., and find that
both figures are incon-ect, and that Westwood's figure comes nearer the truth than
Hampson's does. In Hampsou's figui-e H. fenestrata Boisd. has no areole, veins 6, 7,
8, and 9 are stalked together, and 10 is free; Westwood's figure shows correctly the
long areole, but the position of veins 6, 7, and 8, and that of fhe upi)er discocellular
veinlet, are erroneous. According lo our s[)ecimens, the males of feaestrata and
tkyridion have a very long and narrow areole, reaching from close to the origin of
vein 11 to beyond the apex of the cell; vein 11 arises much nearer the base of the
wing than is shown in Westwood's figure. Veins 7 and 8 come from the apex of the
areole, 9 and 10 are stalked together (not with 8); vein 6 arises from apex of cell,

( 52)

not from aieolc; middle part of discocelliilar veiulets between veins o and is
obliterated in our specimens, or is at least so feeble that 1 cannot see it under a
strong lens.

Two female specimens of Ilecateaia feneslrala in our collection, and a specimen
of this sex of thyrkUmi in Mr. Herbert Druce's collection, show that the
neuration in Westwood"s ligure of the female of B. Ihyridion (I.e. t. 33. f. 4) is
so far correct, as vein 10 arises from the areole and 8 and 9 are stalked together.

The antennae of Ihyridion Boisd. are much more pointed than those o( fenentrata
Boisd. ; the terminal joint of the palpi is longer and naked. The terminal joint of
the palpi offenestrata is much too short in We.stwood's figure.

Hecateitia Boisd. is placed by Kirby in his Catalogue at the end of the Castniidae ;
in this Kirby follows Westwood, I.e., who pointed out, in opposition to Boisduval, that
Jlecatesia was much more nearly allied to Castnia Fbr. than to Eusemia Dalin. and
Aegocera Latr. Westwood was, however, entirely wrong, and Boisduval, Druce,
Hampson, etc., were and are right in treating Hecatesia as an Agaristid. Hecatesia
disagrees with Castnia nearly in every respect, while there is nothing in its structure
which might justify one in removing it from the typical Agaristids.

The American insect described by Druce &■> Hecatesia falcaia, Biol. Centr. Amer..
Lep. Net. I. p. 35. t. 5. f. 23 (<J). 24 ( ? ) (1883) (Panama), mu4 certainly be referred
to another (new) genus. .Xs we have, however, no females of this falcata, 1 abstain
from proposing a genus for it, but give the following note on the structure
of the male : —

Differs from Ileeatesia Boisd. as follows: terminal joint of palpi shorter;
antennae gradually thickened, much less abrui)tly clubbed; all the tibiae clothed
with long hairs; hinder wings with the abdominal region dilated (recalling the
hindwing of Evjjloea).

Xeuration : areole short and extremely narrow; vein 10 from areole, not stalked
with 9; veins 8 and 9 stalked together; second partition of median nervure twice as
long as the respective portion of the outer margin ; same partition on hindwings
longer than lower discocellular veinlet. As the veins near the anterior angle of the
cell to the forewings are so close together that a simple woodcut would not give
a right idea of the position of veins 10, 9, 8, and 7, and the form of the inconspicuous
areole, we propose to give a figure of the venation on one of the plates of this joiuiial
when an opportunity occms.

The stridulating organ on the forewings of H.fulcala Drnce is scaled on either
side of the wing. K. ,1.

Ha;ise, Iris I. p. 323 (1888), says of the peculiar organ on the forewing of the
male of II. fenestrata J5oisd. that probably in the live specimen the thickened costal
margin approaches the scaled portion of the wing by means of the vitreous membrane
being depressed, and that it is removed by the wing being excessively spread out
when the specimen is set. This is erroneous ; unset specimens have the vitreous
mark the same as set specimens. Haase, regarding this stridulating organ as being
a scent-producing one,_ had to find a fold for sceut-producing scales. K, .T.

i. American forma with vein 10 of the forewings arising from the areole.

Agarista sabiclosa. Feld. from California and A. noctuiformis Moschl. from I'orto
Rico, both with (?) under Metagarista in Kirby 's Catalogue, are very closely allied if

( 53 )

not identical insects. They have, of course, nothing to do with the genus Metagansta,
and agree with none of the present genera of Agaristidae, and will require a genus of
their own. Thev differ structurally from Copidryas G. & R., to which' genus they
come nearest, in the forehead bearing a short conical processus with circular ridge
and being narrower than the eyes are high (when viewed from front side), and in the
second partition of the median nervuro to the hindwings being shorter than the lower
discocellular veinlet. In the male of sahidosa Feld. and noctidfoi-mia ^loschl. the
forehead is narrowed behind as in Aegocera trimeni Feld. and allies. K. J.

Diamuna Walker, Lep. Net. B. M. XII. p. 960(18,57).

We have two fenvde specimens (from ^'enezuela and Hiitish Guiana) of an
Agaristid which is ajjparently the same as Diamuna severa (StoU), Pajj. Ex. IV.
p. 2:10. t. 398. f. I (1782) (Surinam^, though they have not the peculiar patch on the
forewings as shown in HtoU's figure. They exhibit the following structural characters
which I think necessary to point out, as N\'alker's diagnosis of Diamiina is a very
vague one : —

? . I'ront of the head a half narrower than the large eye (when viewed from the
front side) is high, conically produced, with a sharp sulicircular ridge. Palpi stronglv
hairy, terminal joint scarcely longer than broad. Antennae almost filiform, not
reaching apex of cell to forewings ; dilatation towards apex scarcely noticeable. All
the tibiae strongly hairy.

Neuration : similar to that of Phasis \\'lk., but second partition, of median
nervure to forewings half as long again as the respective portion of the outer margin ;
same partition to hindwings longer than lower discocellular veinlet. A^ein 7 to hind-
wings, though touching 8, distinctly separate from 8 bv a furrow, its basal partition
thicker than in Pliusis Wlk. and most other Agaristids.

Differs from Phasis Wlk., to which Diamuna Wlk. comes nearest, in the thin
antennae, the narrower forehead, the larger ey-es, the longer second partition of the
median nervure to either wing, the hairv middle and hind tibiae, and in vein 7 to
the hindwings being thicker at base and being separate from 8 by a furrow when
touching it. K. J.

cutis Walker, Lep. Het. B. M. XII. p. 961 (1857).

A (J specimen without locality in the Felder collection agrees fairly well with
St oil's figure of Clilis proserphm {HoW), Pap. Ex. IV. p. 239. t. 399. f i (1782)
(Surinam). It has the short and thin antennae of Diamuna Wlk., and is similar to
that genus in the form of head and eyes, and in the long second partition of the
median nervuro : but vein 7 of the hindwings is confluent for about 1 millimetre
with vein 8 beyond the basal third of the cell; thebasal partition of vein 7 is well
developed.

In the narrow forewings and broad hindwings Clitis proserpina (Stoll) reminds
one of Hecatesia falcata Druce. Tlie underside of the abdomen is in our cJ specimen
clothed along either .side with long hairlike scales, which are broadest at the tips,
and being turned over the middle of the abdomen give the underside of the latter a
strongly woolly appearance. The hindwings are furnished above at the basal portion
of the costal margin with long hairs, covered l>y the abdnniinal margin of the

( .)1 ■)

fore\vin".s, whicli is hairy miderneath ; these hairs represent i)rol)ably a secondary
sexual character analogous to that of Patrdu Giien. K. J.

Groit JII. — A ntennae pectinate w seirate ; foreivings loith areole.

/.-. African foi-ms. — Here belong Pristocernea Karsch and Chios Wlk. (see
Karsch, Evt. Knch: 189.5. p. 349). K. .T.

/. Indo-Australian farms.

There was hitherto only one genus in this section, Apina Wlk., with one
species, .fl . caWtsio Wlk. ; I add a new genus based \v[tOT\ Aegocera cornigera Butl.,
and in future a third one must be erected for Pludaenoides affinis (Boisd.).

Ipana .Tord. gen. nov.

(J ?. Forehead broadest in front of antennae, its supra-oral edge produced, with
a flattened, somewhat recurved, and at the tip truncate or rounded horny processus,
which is excavate above and convex below. Antennae l)iserially serrate in c?, serrations
very short and broad, scarcely narrower at the tip than the respective antennal joint
is long; in ? the serrations are feeble, but can be noticed imder a moderate lens,
especially towards the apex of the antennae. Second joint of palpi clothed with
elongate scales, which are shorter than the joint is long ; third joint naked, about two
or three times as long as broad. Hairlike scales on mid- and hindtiliiae much
shorter than the long spurs. Abdomen hairy only at tip.

Nem-ation : forewings with vein 10 (i-om between middle and ajiex of areole ;
.stalk of 8. 9 shorter than areole : second partition of median nervure longer than the
respective portion of the outer margin. Hindwings with lower discocellular veinlet
a little longer than, or as long as, the second partition of the median nervure.

Type: Ipana cornigera (Butler), Tr. Ent. Sac. Loud. 188G. p. 381 (Gayiidah
and Peak Downs).

Agarista diversa Wlk., Lep. Het. B. M. XXXI. p. 49 (1864) (X. Australia),
belongs probably also in this new genus, which has nothing to do with Aegocera
Latr., but comes clo.se to Apina Wlk. Apina Wlk. differs from Ipxma gen. nov. in
the pectinations of the antennae being much longer, in the legs and paljii being
clothed with long hairs, and in vein 2 of the forewings standing farther from the
lower angle of the cell.

Ipana cornigera (Butl.) has lieen recorded from N. Australia and British New
Guinea. William Itoherty obtained some .specimens of either sex at Oiuainisa, Dutch
Timor, November and December 1891, which do not seem to us to be subspecifically
separable. This is the second case amongst Agaristidae of Timor and Nortli
Australia being inhabited by the same insect. Agarista tiinorensis Rothseh. sp. nov.
(p. 48) may be quoted as a third case, indicating a relationship of the Timorese
fauna to that of North Australia. K. J.

m. American forms with pectinate or serrate antennae.

The number of genera of this section is much greater in the Neotropical and
Nearctic regions than in the Eastern liemisphere.

( 00 )

The genera Aucida Wlk., 7V. Eiil. Soc. Lor,d. (?,). I. p. 2.53 (1802), Pijciwdoutis
P'eld., and Leiosoma Feld. are closely allied to one another. In AucuJa Wlk. the
second partition of the median nervure to the fore- and hiiulwings is much longer
than in the two nneharacterised PVlderian genera. Pycnodonlis Feld. has in the
S the antennae more shortly pectinate than Leiosoma I'eld. ; the latter, if really
distinct from Pt/cnodontis, requires a new name, as Leiosoma has been preoccupied
at least four times. I prefer to treat T^eiosoma Feld. as a synonym o{P;/c7iodontis Feld.

To Ancida AA'lk. belongs Diamuna ndrasta Druce, Biol. Ccidr. Amor.. Tjcp.
Hef. I. p. 334. t. 30. f. 20 (1889) (^Mexico). K. .T.

Caularis Walker, Lep. Ilet. B. M. XII. p. 801 (1857).

I give the following descri[ition of this genus : —

Forehead with a tliin conical horn, which is truncate at the tip, and is here about
one-tenth as broad as the forehead. Antennae biserially pectinate, branches long,
those of the fifth joint already longer than the joint is broad, those of the middle
joints more than three times as long as the re.spective joints arc liroad. Second joint
of palpi hairy ; third joint more than twice as long as broiid. nearly naked. Legs
slenderer than in Fycnodontis Feld., otherwise similar.

Neuration : similar to that of Pycnodontis Feld. Discocellulars of hindwings
concave before vein 5, straight and strongly oblicpie behind it ; vein 5 therefore from
below the deepest point of the discocellulars ; second partition of median vein to
hindwings shorter than the respective jiortion of the outer margin.

Typie : Vaularis undidaas Wlk., I.e.

I do not know the genus Robinsonia Grote from Cuba, but it seems to me to
have some affinities to Cnulfiris Wlk. K. .1.

We insert here, at the end of the Agaristidae, the description of a new species
of Sarothroccra>i ^lab., a genus of doulitful ])osition.

29. Sai'othroceras sordidus Ivothsch. sp. nov.

]Male. — Upperside : forewings differ from S. pallida (Druce) = alluaudi j\Iab. in
the more dirty drab-brown ground-colour, and in the dark sepia-brown subliasal piatch
being much smaller: on the inner margin it has a length of 7i millimetres, while
in S. pallida it is 12, and in /S. rhomboidea Weymer it is still bigger. Anteriorly
its point reaches the hind end of the cell, and its outer edge is concave. The
transverse whitish band of pjallida is here much more ill-deiiued, being scarcely
paler than the ground-colour of the wing, and is wider, extending to the angle
of the inner margin. The apical spot is more defined, owing to the paler ground-
colour of the wing. Hindwings as in pallida, but the discal area not red but
yellow, and so densely powdered with drab scales as to be very indistinct and faint.

Underside similar to pallida, but discal area of hindwings yellow, and the outer
margin broader.

P"'emaLE. — Similar to male, but witli tlie subliasal patch on forewings larger, its
outer edge straight, and the pale band outside it almost as pale as in jxdlida.

Ilab. Gold Coast: 2 c?, 1 ?.

This, as well as rhomboidea Wcym., St. E. Z. 1892. p. 104, on receipt of more
material, may prove to be only aberrations of pallida (Druce), but at present 1 jirefer
to keep the three species separate. W. K.

( 5«)

CHALCOSIIDAE.

30. Histia nivosa l\othscli. sj). nov.

Male. — Upperside: foi-ewings white, costa and apical area brownish black; the
latter 8 millimetres wide at apex, and running to a point at the submedian vein
above the inner angle. Median nervure al.'-o black, llindwing^ wliitc. outer margin
black.

Underside same as above, but costal margin of hindwiiigs also black.

Antennae black, head red, collar same, with black dot on cacli side. Thorax
beneath and abdomen red, the latter with five series of black spots.

Female. — Onlv differs from rattle, in that flie black of ajiical area does not reacli
the apex of cell.

Shape as in //. seleiie KoUar, but wings shorter and blunter.

Hah. Kina l?alu, N. Borneo (obtained from Messrs. Staudinger it Bang-Haas) ;
1 (?,1 ?. W. K.

:>!. Cauerkes javanicus Kothsch. sp. nov.

Male. — Differs form C. eiischemoides ]\Ioore in the borders to the nervures being
violet instead of metallic blue-gi-een, in the transverse yellow band being split up
into spots and not joined to the basal yellow area, in the white spots of the apical
half of forewings being much smaller, and in the yellow of lioth pairs of wings being
orange-ochraceous.

Hnb. Mount (iede, Java (Fruhstorfer, August 1892, 4000 feet); 1 ti. A\'. li.

32. Isbarta pandemia Kothsch. sp. nov.

Female. — Upperside: forewings straw-white at liasal half, with veins marked
lilack. Apical half black, with veins picked out in dull steel-blue. One-fifth from
the apex is a transverse row of almost obliterated grey spots between the nervures ; this
row curves inwards, so that at inner angle the distance from margin is least. There
is also a white patch between the two lower median nervures. llindwiugs — basal
fourth lavender-grey, with red of underside shining through ; rest of wing smoky
black, with a large creamy discal patch shading ofi" into primrose-yellow, and reaching
from abdominal margin, where it is 10 millimetres wide, to the subcostal vein, and
shading off into liasal grey area.

Underside: forewings black, with steel-blue gloss on veins, a large creamy patch
in cell, two beyond it, and one between the two submedian veins. The transverse
row of subapical spots white, and much more distinct than above. Hindwings black,
with veins and apex steel-blue; a large triangular basal patch of red extends from
the abdominal margin to the middle vein of cell. A primrose-yellow spot in apex
of cell, and two sulaapical ones. A large triangular primrose patch reaches from
abdominal margin, where it is widest, to vein 5, towards which it rapidly diminishes;
in its anterior part it is cut up into spots by the black veins.

Body above pale steel-blue, abdomen beneath greyish white.

Another ferarde has the forewings in basal half nearlj' glaucous, I lie creamy
white scaling having almost vanished.

Expanse : forewing A.M 33 mm. : K.M 19 mm. ; I'.M 2.3 nim,
hindwing „ 2.5 „ ; „ 20 ,. ; „ 19 ,.

( 5" j

Hah. Kina Balu, N. Borneo (obtained from Messrs. Staudinger & Bang-Haas) ; 2 ? ,
This strange and beautiful species is an exact mimic in appearance and marking
of Delias pandemia Staud., after wliich I named it. W. K.

ARCTIIDAE.
33. Eligma malgassica Kotlisdi. sp. nov.

?. Upnerside: t'orewings — tlie Ijrown costal area narrower than in the other
species of Eligma, its hind edge faintly bordered with yellow; it is, close to the
base and again 9 mm. from the base, dilated rectangularly, then is parallel to costa
for about 8 or 9 mm. ; at apex of cell it is indented, and from there becomes some-
what broader again for about 3 or 4 mm., and then runs towards the apex of the wing,
this apical portion being dentate at the veins ; the three basal black spots of the
other species are here not rounded, but transverse, and form an interrupted zigzag
line ; the subbasal black line of E. hypsoides Wlk. and duplieata Am-iv. is very thin,
strongly undulate, and not interrupted ; the black line on the posterior part of the
disc runs from the inner margin to the base of vein 3, being twice strongly cm-ved,
then turns roimd in the direction of the two black spots which stand between veins 3
and o, so as to form with them an almost continuous line ; in the cm-ve behind apex
of cell the line is double. The submarginal black spots are linear, transverse, and
oblique. The middle of the wing behind the costal brown area is whitish, as in
hypsoidcn Wlk., while the rest of the wing is fawn-colour, with a whitish zigzag band
outside the subbasal black line and two more zigzag lines between discal black lino
and outer margin. Hindwings yellow, as in the other species, with a brownish black
outer border, which has at apex a breadth of G mm., runs a little along co-sta, and
is strongly tapered off behind, scarcely reaching as far as extremity of vein 1''.

Undevfiide : forewings yellow from base to 4 mm. beyond apex of cell, apical
region lirown. Hindwings as above, marginal border .shorter.

Outline of wings nearly as in E. narciss'iis (Cram.).

Palpi, head, thorax, abdomen, and legs similar to those of E. daplicnln Auriv.

Expanse : forewing AM 30 mm. ; KM 14 mm. ; PM 21 mm.
hindwing „ 22 „ ; „ 20 „ ; „ 12 „

IJ(di. Morondava, Madagascar (Last) ; 2 ? .

This species is easily distinguished from the African E. hypsoides Wlk. and
duplicaid Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 1892. p. 191. f. 1'', by the apex of the hindwing being
without a white patch, and from ihe Indian E. narcissus (Cram.) by the outline of
the costal area of the forewings, the subbasal black line, the form of the discal line,
the much nanower black border to the hindwings, and on the underside by the
basal two-thirds of the forewings being yellow. W. R.

34. Eligma narcissus indica Pothsch. subsp. nov.

?. Differs from typical E. narcissus (Cram.) from ("hina as follows: forewings
shorter and broader; if we take the breadth of the wing as 1, the length is 2i in
indica and 3 in narcissus ; outer margin much less olsliipie Iietweeu veins 1 and 3 ;
the white colour behind the costal area is more extended, and the posterior region of
the wing is of a paler Isabella colour; the anterior portion of Ihe median inter-
rupted transverse black line is shorter and broader, and the submarginal spots are

( -^8)

more prominent. (!)n tlie liindwiiig the bluish black border is deeper concave between
veins 4 and 7 than in the female of nnrci^sus, and therefore appears more convex at
vein 2.

Below, the forewings and the apex of the hindwings are paler in colour, and have
a feebler bluish gloss.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills, S. India; 3 ?. W. \{.

35. Eligma narcissus javanica Rothsch. subsp. nov.

?. Smaller than narcissus, forewings similar in shape; anterior portion of the
transverse black median line as in indica; blue-black apical area of hindwings
broader, evenly concave, at vein 4 only 1 millimetre short of cell. Dorsal black
sjxits of abdomen very small.

Hab. Java ; 1 ? . W. R.

30. Eligma narcissus philippinensis Roihsch. subsi>. nov.

? . Forewings somewhat broader than in narcissus ; emargination of outer
margin to hindwings less obvious. 8ubmargiual spots of forewings much larger than
in the other subspecies ; anterior portion of black interrupted median line forming
a rounded dot ; white longitudinal streaklike area as in indica ; blue-black apical
region of hindwings as broad as in javanica and of the same shape. Posterior tibiae
without a black spot.

Hab. ZMindoro ; 1 ? . \\'. R.

Oberthiir describes and figures in Et. d'Ent. XVII. 1893. p. 32. t. 1. f. 6, a
beautiful moth ft-om Usambani, German East Africa, as Eligma Ine.tepicta, which has
a quite different aspect from the other species of the genus. We recently received
a feraale specimen of this insect from Nguela, l^sambara, which, on examination,
proves that laetepicta Oberth. can very well be referred to Eligma Hb., as it exhibits
only the following slight structural differences: the areole is broader, vein 7 comes
from below the apex of the areole, and vein (I stands farther from the areole than in
iui,rci8sihs, duplicala, and malgassica.

The species of Eligma Hb. hitherto known lo M-ieiice (and all contained in
the Tring Museum) can be distinguished as follows : —

A. Forewing with two yellow transvcisc bands. E. laetepicta Oberth. from l']ast

Africa.

B. Forewiug witliont tliose bands.

a. A\>ex of hindwing with a white patch.

a'. Forewing with a single transverse line running from beyond
middle of hindmargin to apex of cell. E. hypsoidcs Wlk. from
West Africa. We have 2 ? from the Lower Niger.

b'. Forewing with that line double. E. dupUcaia Auriv., Ent.
Tidshr. 1892. p. 191. f 1\ from Cameroons.

b. Apex of hindwing without white ]iatch.

c'. Forewing beneath yellow, with apical third brown. E. malgassica

Rothsch. sp. nov. from .Madagascar.
(/'. Forewing beneath brown witli l)lue gloss, extreme base yellow.
' E. narcissus (Cram.) from (,'hiua and its subspecies from South
India, .Java, and Mindoro. K. ,1.

( 59 )

AGANAIDAR ( = HVr8IDAE).

We include in this family only the forms allied to Asota Hb. { = Hypsa
Hb.) which are characterised especially by the presence of a proboscis and by
veins 7 and 8 of the hindwings being connectfd In' a bar near the middle of tlie
cell, and differ in the first character from the Lymavtrlidae and in the second
from the Arctiidae. With Hampson, Mollis of India I., we have to exclude
from the Agnnaidae the following genera of Kirby's Catfdorpie of IlHerocem 1.
pp. 383-393 :—

I. Sebastia Kirby, I.e. p. 383 (1891) is Arctiid. New synonym : Moorea
Hampson, Lc. II. p. 33 (1894).

2. El'Kjma Hb. is Arctiid. (n./.).

3. Bajjata Wlk. ,,

4. Agaposoma Feld. „

5. Stenognathn Feld. ,,
C. Caryatis Hb. ,,

7. Godasa Wlk. is Agaristid.

8. CUdpcnia ;\Ioore is .\rctiid.
i). Migoplastis Feld. „

10. Zaracha'Wlk.

11. Bgi/bolis BoUA.

Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. Wales 1880. p. 7,58, brings Nydemsra Hb. and
Anerila ^^'lk. to the Agnnaidae; we cannot agree with him that these genera are
more nearly allied to Asota Hb. than to other Arctioid moths. Digama ^Nloore is
regarded by ]Meyrick as an unattached genus differing from Asota " essentially in
having vein 8 of the hindwings approximated but not connected to the upper margin
of cell." This statement is quite correct as regards Digama hearseyana Moore, the
type of the genus, and the only Austi-alian species hitherto known, D. marmorea
Butl., liut does not apply to several other species standing at present under Digama,
for example D. insidana Feld. and marchali Gu4r., and, therefore, we shall in this
])aper treat Digama as an Hypsid, and give a fuller explanation of the Ilypsoid
characters of this genus at the end of the family.

A revision oi the Agana idae, exclusive of Diga,ma :\Ioore, has been given by Snellen
in Tijdschr. v. Ent. XXXI. p. 109 (1888), and we shoidd restrict ourselves to a few
notes about some oversights and errors in that excellent paper, if it were not for
Kirby's Catalogue of Beterocera and Hampson's .Moths of India, the authors of which
works do not seem to ha^e taken any notice of Snellen's classificatory results. . The
Indian Aganaidae, exclusi\e of Digama, are divided into three genera by Hampson
and into nine hy Kirby, while Snellen enumerates them under five well-characterised
genera. As our researches show that Hampson unites under Hypsa a number of very
heterogeneous forms, and that several of the genera in Kirby's Catalogue are identical,
and also prove that Snellen's division of the family into five genera is not quite
correct, we shall dilate a little longer \\\mn this family, the more so as, besides the
genera, the species also are in rather a great muddle. K. .F.

( 60 )

Agape Snellen.

Hupm, Walker (,itc Hubner), Up. Ilel. B. M. II. p. 455 (1854).

Aqiipe Felder, lieise. Xoeara Lep. II. (1874) {nom. nud.) \ Snellen, Tij/hclir. r. Ent. XXXI.
pp. 115. Ill", |18«8;.

This is a very peculiar genus, and stands iinite isolated amongst the Ilypsids
in the absence of the cavity from the forewing and the corresponding patch of
scabrous scales from the upperside of the hindwing which are found in the allied
genera. Snellen was the first to find this out : Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.
Wales 1886. p. 771, has Agape chlwojyyga (Wik.) under the genus Hypsa, which
he characterises intei- alia by the presence of that supposed stridulatory organ ;
Hampson has Agape also as a synonym of Hypsa. Agape differs, moreover, in the
absence of the costal retinaculum in the male, either sex only having the retina-
culum at the median uervure, which is again an exception amongst Aganaidae. The
antennae are similar to those of Asota Mb. described on p. 61. The terminal joint
of the palpi is shorter than the second joint. Vein 7 of forewings originates from
the apex of the areole, or is shortly stalked with 8. 9 ; veins 6 and 7 of the hindwings
are shortly stalked or arise from a point.

To Agape Snellen belong two species, chlm'opyga (Wlk.) and leonina Hutl. ; the
other two species which stand in Kirby's Catalogue under Agape, javana Cram, and
celeltensis Hopff., have nothing to do with this genus.

The Moluccan and Australian specimens of A. chloropyga (Wlk.) can generally
be distinguished from one another by the shape of the exterior brown spot on
the forewings. In our extensive series of clilorojjygn (Wlk.) from (Queensland that
spot is round and alwavs well defined ; out of our thirteen specimens from
Amboina it is only in one example rounded, in all others it is anguliform or it is
so much prolonged as to form a comi)lete band which extends from the costal to
inner margin, as descrilied by Snellen, I.e. The two spots lieyond cell are some-
times very feebly marked in Jloluccan examples, and on such sjiecimens A. analis
Wlk. .seems to be based.

0{ Agape leonina Butl. there are two males only in the Tring Mu.seum from
New Britain, which differ from the male of chloropyga (\Mk.) in the black spots
on the thorax being very feeble, and in the two preanal segments of the abdomen
being ochreous with bluish lilack basal marks instead of being above entirely
blue-black.

A male specimen from Alu Island, Solomon Islands, captured by Captains Cotton
& Welister, has a conij)lete brown transverse band across the basal fourth of the
wing, and another band in the apical fourth similar to that of the above-mentioned
variety of chloropyga (\\'lk.) ; the spots on the thorax are scarcely traceable under
a lens; the s|)ot on the first joint of the palpi is very small and isabella-colour, not
black ; the blue-black colour at the bases of the alKlominal segments is reduced, and
absent from the preanal segment.

Another m,<de from Lifu, Loj'alty Islands, is still more different from leonina
Butl. The thoracic spots iire entirely obliterated ; the eighth and ninth abdominal
segments are alx)ve much more extended bluish black, in fact the upperside of the
eighth segment is bluisli black with only the hinder edge yellow. As this Lifu
exami)le is, besides, smaller and has broader forewings than leonina, it belongs most
probably to a subsjiecies of leonina ; we can, however, not give a name to it until we
have more material. I"^- •'■

( fil )

Aganais Hnisd.

Phitliitiia Xuclua, Drury, Illustr. X<il. Hisl. II. Index (177i)).

Noi-tua, Fabricius, Sijst. Ent. p. 595 (1775).

Fhidaena liombip:, StoU, Pop. Ex. III. p. 173 (1782).

Damulis Hiibner (lui- FabriciuR. 1805), Vers. bfk. Srhm. p. 172 (IS22 ?) (>.y).).

Aganais Boisduval, Vuy. Asfi-ulabe, Ent. p. 248 (1832) (e.p. ; nomen nudum) ; id., Fauiie Ent. de

Mudaijusao- p. 96 (1833) {f.p.) ; Hopff., Mowit.sb. KonijL Akud. Wisd. Berlin 1857. p. 422 ; id.,

Peter's Relsr Mas, /«s. p. 432 (18G2).
U;/psa group 8, Lorhlfis Walker, Lep. ffet. B. .)/. II. p. 456 (1H54).
Hjipsa, subgenus Lacide-i, Butler, Tr. Ent. Soc. Land. 1875. p. 3'_'1.
Hypm, subgenus Ai/nnais (part), id., I.e. p. 322.

Hyjisa, group B {Agnuais Butler), Snellen, Tijdsrhr. o. Ent. XXXI. p. 125 (1888).
Loader, Moore, Lep. of Cci/l. II. p. 53 (1883) : Kirby, Cot. Lep. Tlet. I. p. 385 (1891).
Pseudhiipxa Kirby, I.e. p. 384 (1891).
IIi/psu, Section II. (Loehles), Hampson. .l/..(//.<: of India I. p. ."i04 (1894).

The distiuguishiug eharacter.-i of this geuus lie especially in the structure of the
antennae. Snellen, as well as Hampson, says of the antennae of the male only that
the faseiculae are long ; the important differences between the male and fenude
antennae of Aganais and those of Asota (= Hypsa) have not yet been noticed, though
these difi'erences are obvious under a weak lens. In Aganais Boisd. the joints of the
antennae of either sex are cylindrical, as can be seen from a section through the
antennae, and in the male each joint (except the apical ones) bears on each side a
long processus of even breadth, which itself is furnished dorsally at the tip with a
bristle. In Asota Hb. the antennae of either sex are compressed; a transverse
section oiihe fe'iiudc antennae ha> an ovate outline, with the lower end often acute,
each joint being x'ounded at the u];iperside, and carinate, or nearly so, at the under-
side ; in the male of Asota Hb. the cariniform portion of the under surface is high,
which can easily be noticed by looking at the antennae from the side ; as the edge of
the carina is shorter than the respective joint, thei-e is an interspace between the
carinae of every two joints, which gives the antennae of the male in a side view the
appearance of a broad-toothed saw. The cariniform portion of the joints is co\'ered
with fine hairs and bears a pair of bristles, while the dorsal portion is scaled and is
furnished on each side with a longer bristle, varying in length and thickness accord-
ing to sex and species. In Aganais <S the lateral processus originate from the ventral
side of the joint and are hairy beneath ; the bristles at their extremities are homo-
logous to the dorsal bristles in Asota. Further notes about the antennae of Asota
and figures will be found under this genus.

Boisduval introduced the name of Aganais first in Voyage de I' Astrolabe 1832,
but did not give a description of the geuus ; the species which he describes there
under Aganais are generically different from his two species described under Aganais
in Faune Ent. de Madagascar p. 9(). Boisduval applied the name nearly to all
Aganaidae he knew ; Butler and Snellen restricted it to the species allied to hwhonica
Boisd. ; Kirby gives caricae Fabr. as type, and includes in it a great number of Indo-
Australian forms. As Aganais of Vogage de V Astrolabe is a nomen nudum, we dare
not take it into consideration ; imder Aganais of Faune Entomologique de Madagascar
only two species are mentioned by name, borbonica and insularis, which are male
Tiwd female of one species. Type of Aganais is, therefore, doubtless borbonica Boisd.,
and Pseiulhypsa Kirby has to sink as a .synonj'm. To Aganais Boisd. belong the
following Hypsids of Kirby's Catalogue : Pseudhypsa speciosa (Drury), sahretracta

( «-^ )

(Wlk.), aphiiliis ( I lopff.), andalifera (Wlk.), borhonlm (Boisd.) ; Lacidesjicua (Fulir.) ;
Aganaia Insularis Boisd.

Pseudhyjtsa ambusta (Mab.) is au Agaristid (see p. 46).

As Lacides jicus (Fabr.) can by no means be kept generically sejiarate from
Aganais horbmiica Hoisd., Lacides must sink as a synonym.

Agamtis insuhn-is Boisd. has been treated by lieiTich-Schafifer, Snmral. aiiss.
Schm. {. 118, and t^aalmuller, Lep. von Madagascar i). 160, as the female o( borbonica
Boisd. ; Butler, I.e. p. 323, Snellen, I.e. p. 132, and Kirby, I.e. p. 387, regard it as a
close relative of A sola egens (Wlk.) and bring it accordingly into a different genus or
section respectively. The structure of the antennae of insidaris is the same as in
Aganais sjxciosa ? , Jiciis ? , and the other forms mentioned above ; hisularis is
therefore doubtless an Aganais. Further, as of borbonica only males and of insularis
only fenudes are known, and both insects inhabit the same districts, it is also beyond
doubt that these two Aganais are really male and feinaJe of the same sjjecies.

Aganais aphidas (liopff.) is the same as subretvacta (^^^k.), as already men-
tioned by Butler, I.e. ; Kirby gives it again as a distinct species.

Aganais speciosa (Drury) is a very variable species. Dairy's figure is rather bad,
especially in respect to the pattern of the forewings ; his description is much better,
and leaves no doubt that speciosa, is that form of Aganais whicli has the hindwings
pure white. Our series of forty specimens of African Aganais includes so many
individuals which are intermediate between speciosa, subretraeta, and wndulifera
that we cannot draw a parting line between these forms, and have accordingly to unite
them to one species ; the four forms are not restricted to certain districts, but occur
all over tropical and .South Afiica, and are therefore mere individual aberrations. The
hindwings are white, yellowish white, or orange ; they are unicolorous or have a
minute black point near anal angle, or a black anguliform mark instead of that
point ; the apex is with or without black border; this border is very narrow or l)road,
reaches to near anal angle or is slioi-ter ; the forewings are isabella-colour or are
ochi'aceous like the hindwings, with the usual basal patch of a faintly deeper
tint. " K. .1.

37. Aganais speciosa (Drury) ab. unicolor Rothsch. ab. nov.

This is the most consincuous aben-ation, having the ground-colour of both wings
ochraceous ; the black spots at the base of the forewings as in speciosa (Drury). I
have 1 (J from Natal and 1 ? from N'amaqualand. The various forms of speciosa
have to stand as follows ; —

1. Hindwings pure white : speciosa (Drury).

2. ., white or ochraceou.s, with black border : ab. ^^ii.cZw^^/'«r« (Wlk.).

3. ,, ocliiaceous, without black liorder : ab. subretraeta (Wlk.).

4. Fore- and hindwings ochraceous : ab. unicolor Kothsch. ^\'. U.

(yo he coHtimied.)

( (•.;! )

FUETHEE NOTES ON MY EEVISION OF THE PAPILIOS
OF THE EASTEEN HEMISPHEEE, EXCLUSIVE OF
AFEICA.

By the JION. WALTlil! ROTHSCHILD.

DK. (). STAUDINGEK has sent me a series of very interesting Indo-Australiau
Pai)ilios, especially aberrant specimens, out of his rich collection, which
enables me to [lublish the following additional notes to my Revision of the Eastern
Papilios in Vol. 11. of Novitates Zoo'logkue. I take the opportunity of thanking
Dr. Staudinger very much, and hope that he will forgive me that the first note about
the specimens is a correction of his " Berichtignng " in Iris VIII. p. 2S:; (189()).

18 (c). Troides oblongomaculatus celebensis (Wall.) ; Eothseh., I.e. p. 214.

Staudinger's " Berichtigung," I.e., induces me to comment on my short note
about celebensis in order to show to the reader what we really know of this form.
I divided Troides oblongoriuteulatns into four sub-species : —

1. ohlonfjomaeulatus (Goeze) from the .Southern Jloluccas ;

2. bouruensis (Wall.) from Burn ;

3. celebensis (Wall.) from S. Celebes and Saleyer;

4. papiuensis (Wall.) from New Gniuea.

The nude of celebensis is characterised by Wallace, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lund. XXV.
p. 39 (1865), as follows:—

"c. Local form Uelebensis. — Male: wings a little more pointed than iaO. Helena;
yellow patch of lower wings extending nearer to the jjosterior margin, and liouuded
towards the abdominal margin by the first branch of the median nervure. Beneath,
having the uervm-es between the discoidal cell and the outer border ashy-margiued.

"Female not known.

"Hah. :\Iaeassar (Celebes) {Wall.y

^\'allace's example or examples are apparently lost, and, to om- knowledge, there
never came other specimens from Celebes, excejjt a female from North Celebes
(Minahassa) in Dr. Staudinger's collection. From the" island of Saleyer, however,
a good series of specimens of both sexes has been sent to Dr. Htaudinger by his
collector, and of these I have six before me. The Saleyer males have a'l the narrower
black outer border, or, as Wallace's expression is, the "yellow patch extending
nearer to the posterior margin," and are by this character at once distinguished from
all jNIoluccan examples which stand at my disposal. !Most of the Saleyer males,
not all, have, moreover, the veins of the hindwings within the yellow area more or
less obviouslv bordered with black, a character which is sometimes conspicuousl}-

( 64 )

indicated also in Molnccaii ohlcmgomacidatus. In Iris 1\'. p. 71 0891) these
Saleyor sjiecimeus have been described as " var. leda" by Dr. Staudint;iT, who had
at that time overlooked that there was already a ledn Wall, and that the Celebes
form had already received the name of cefebensis in 18G.i, and the author gave as
chief character of his new " var. leda " the thickly black veins of the hindwings,
adding, however, that in one of his Saleyer males the veins are scarcely thicker Mack
than in ordinary. Moluccan individuals. In my Revision I treated that "var. leda
.Standing." as a synonym oi celebeiisis Wall, for the following reasons : —

1. Wallace's description applies e.xactly to all those Saleyer specimens which
have the veins to the hindwings not unusually broadly black.

2. Wallace's description gives the princijial character by which (dl the Saleyer,
and, according to Wallace, the South Celebes specimens (of course, as far as they
have become known to science), ai'e distinguishable from the Moluccan specimens;
whereas

3. the characters by which T)r. Staudinger differentiates his "var. leda" are
found only in the greater numlier of the individuals, not, in all examples.

4. A\'e know the Celebes form only from Wallace's description, and as this
description gives the chief distinguishing character of the Saleyer specimens, there
is no reason to regard the Saleyer specimens as subspecificallv different, until material
from Celebes proves this to be the case, though certainly tlie specimens with broadly
black veins form an interesting aberration.

I objected to rename that aberration — the name of leda, was preoccupied —
since I consequently should have had to bestow names upon a great number of
aben'ations of other yellow Troides.

In Jris VIII. p. 283 (]89(!) Dr. Staudinger renames his "var. leda," and calls
it thestiits. I hope it will be clear enough, from the above explanation, that the
black-veined thestius have to stand as aberrations of celebensis (Wall.), and not the
reverse, as Dr. Staudinger puts it.

There are two collectors at present exploring Celebes, and it is to be hoiied that
they will succeed in procuring a series of specimens of celebetisis.

The female from North Celebes (.Alinahassa) which Dr. Staudinger mentions.
Iris VIII. p. 283, and which he has been kind enough to lend me for inspection,
differs from the Saleyer females especially in the black upper- and underside of the
forewings, the latter being below marked with a lai'ge white patch near hinder
margin (before and behind submedian nervure), and bearing indistinct and rather
small white patches near the uervules iu the submarginal area; I'urther, in the diseal
yellow spots being somewhat shorter and the post cellular spot somewhat larger than
in i^aXeyer females, in the diseal cone-shaped black markings being obviously longer
and the submarginal yellow spots standing nearer the margin.

Perhaps this female belongs to a North Celebesian subspecies of obtom/o-
maculattis.

Staudinger, Lc, says, in respect to the names obloTigomacukdiis and heletM :
" Zum Schluss bemerke ich noch, dass, uach Rothschilds sehr griindlichen Unter-
suchungen, Helena Linnd die spiiter von Cramer als Pompeus beschriebene Art sein
soil, . . ." If my explanation about this matter (Nov. ZooL. II. p. 212) does not
prove that helena L. is the same as pom,peus Cram, (not "sein soil"), I am sorry to
say that I cannot add a word to my explanation, as to dilate any longer upon the
subject certainly would be a waste of words and time, and would not oi)en those eyes
which are kept closed.

( 05 )

1117. Papilio acheron Smiili; Iiotli>cli., Ix. \\. "uW.

?. Ill Dr. Staudinger's collection, fVimi Kiiia liilii. Dift'er.s from the mala
e.specially in the larger ochreou.s area in the anal region of the underside of the
hindwings; thi.s area is extended to the margin and includes three marginal, two
suhmarginal, and three subdisca! round black patches ; behind subcostal nervule
there is a small ochraceons submai-ginal spot.

121 (/() Papilio canopus tenimberensis liothsch. sutep. nov.

A male specimen in Dr. Staudinger's collection diti'ers from the other subspecies
o^ amopus Westw. as follows : —

Of the size of large specimens of ccDwpus Westw. Band to forewings as in
certain examples of hypaiclides Rothsch. ; the two first spots largest, the following
two somewhat shorter, the other four nearly equal in size. The band on the hindwings
nearly as in F. hipponous Feld. ; spots 3 and 4 the longest, measuring 9 mm., the
first spot larger than the last one ; anal orange spot indistinct ; no submarginal spots.

On the underside the band of the forewings is broader than above, esfiecially
spots 5 to 8 ; the hindwings have a complete series of sharply defined more or less
orange-coloured submarginal. spots, as in cctnopus Westw.

Tails long and strongly spatulate, much broader than in hypsiclides Rothsch.
and canopinua Rothsch.

The form of the tail and the broad band of the hindwings are llie principal
characters of this subspecies.

Hoh. Timorlaut (Holz leg.) ; 1 cj in coll. Staudinger.

125 (fif). Papilio polytes nicanor l-Vld. ; Rotlisch., I.e. \k 3.54.

Dr. Staudinger sent me several females from Batjan which are of the pattern of
the ma(e, and prove that nicanor ? is not monomorphic, but dimorphic. The two
forms of the female I propose to call : —

(r/i) : ? -f. manzer mihi.
Similar to the male.

(r'j : ? -f. ii/picus mild.
Equivalent to P. polytes alphenor ?-f. alphenor Cram.

Types in my collection.

Of the first /e«ia/e-form Dr. Staudinger possesses a specimen in which the
submarginal spots to the hindwings are enlarged and the discal spots reduced ; the
discal and submarginal spots are connected with one anotlier by means of scattered
huffish scales on the uii|)erside ; beneath, these huffish scales are so dense between
veins 2 and 5 that there are longitudinal bands in the posterior cellules. The
mandnal spots of the forewings are enlarged in this specimen, chiefly those near
hinder angle.

In a specimen of the second form of the female the submarginal red spots of the
hindwings are confluent with the discal red markings, and form long and broad
longitudinal streaks.

( fi6 )

Both these varieties are homologous to that of thcsem figured by De Haau in
Verh. Xat. Gesch. Ned. overz. het. t. 8. f. o 0840) from Borneo, which he uained
inelaiiides.

129 (a). Papilio castor Westw. ; Rothsch., I.e. p. 358.

The discal indistinct whitish buff patches on the forewings form sometimes
a complete series, which extends from the costal to the hinder margin.

135a. Papilio veiovis Hew.; Kothsdi., /.('. p. 503.

In a female of Dr. Staudinger's eollectiou. from the Minahassa, the white colour
is much more reduced than in my female from South Celebes. Are the North and
South Celebes veiovis subspecifically different ? Males from North Celebes are
unknown to me.

139 («). Papilio paradoxus (Zink.); Rothsch., I.e. p. 371.

?. Upperside : forewings mummy-brown, marginal region paler ; wit h a series of
small submarginal whitish spots. Hindwings paler than forewings, with a series of
hastate discal dirty white spots half-way between cell and outer margin, and with
another series of lunate submarginal spots.

Underside i^aler than upperside ; submarginal sfiots milky white : discal markings
of hindwings less distinct.

One specimen in Dr. Staudinger's collection from Lawang, East .hiva (llolz le().).

13!) (//). Papilio paradoxus niasicus Kotlisch., I.e. p. 372.

1 recently received a second example of the female which agrees perfectly with
that described in Vol. II. of Nov. ZoOL.

139 (c). Papilio paradoxus telesicles IVld. ; Rothsch., I.e. \k 372.

Dr. Staudinger sent me a beautiful series of varieties of this Papilio, which proves
that the variability of telesicles is still greater th;in I have sliown in my Revision.
The most obvious form among Staudinger's material is the following : —

^ -ah. alboslriatus Rothsch. ab. nov. Wings above mummy-brown. Forewings
with a feeble purplish gloss in marginal region ; disc with long white streaks, which
are joined to the submarginal spots ; cell with a well-defined white spot in lower
angle of apex, and some indi-stinct longitudinal whiti.sh streaks. Hindwings with
long and broad while discal streaks, which reach from cell to close to submarginal
white lunules; cell with three white longitudinal lines, which are more or less merged
together.

Underside with the white markings larger and less shaded witli brown at the
edges ; submarginal spots milky white.

JIab. Labuan, N. Borneo (Waterstradt lerj.) ; 1 ? in coll. Staudinger.

( 'i- )

146 fr/j. Papilio paris i>. ; l!oth;<fli., I.e. p. :58;).

John Wat.sou, Esq., sent me for inspection a male of P. ixiris L., wliicli is in so
far highly interesting as it has on the lower median nervule of the forewing a narrow-
hairy streak which is homologous to the hairy patches of P. polyctor Boisd. and
Manor Cram. The occurrence of that peculiar male character in parts proves again
what we have said in se\'eral places in the Revision, that this secondary sexual
character cannot be made use of in characterising genera.

l.')(i(/;). Papilio lorquinianus philippus A\'m11. ; Kothsch., I.e. p. 393.

?. Differs from that sex of lorquinianus Feld. in the same way as the male
does. Submarginal green streaks shorter than in lorquinianus ; blue-green area
more extended ; submarginal spots to hindwings more green, and submarginal pale
area of forewiugs beneath less triangular, being broader behind and narrower in front
than in that race.

h specimen of this sex from Ceram is in I>r. Sfaudingi-r's collection.

17()(<). Papilio antiphates decolor Standing.; Kothsch., I.e. }). 413.

Amongst my unset Lepidoptera I fouiirl a number of antiphates collected bv
A. Everett in July, at the Eimbang River, N.W. Borneo, which belong partly to
the subspecies ilecolw, partly to alcihiades. The two Bornean examples alluded to
in the Revision, and doubted by me to be correctly labelled, can therefore very well
be from Borneo.

172. Papilio Ornatus Kothsch., I.e. ]i. 414.

?. Similar to the male; somewhat larger, and the black mark at inside of the
orange one between lower median nervules on underside of hindwings much reduced.
A specimen of this sex from Halmaheira in Dr. Slaudinger's collection.

173. Papilio androcles Boisd.; Kothsch., I.e. p. 416.

?. Does not essentially dift'er from the mcde.

A specimen in Dr. Staudinger's collection from .Aliiialiassa, N. Oelebes
(Dr. Platen leg.).

174. Papilio dorcus De llaan; Kothsch., I.e. p. 117.

?. Like the male.

Staudinger's specimen, from Jlinahassa, N. Celebes (Dr. Platen lee/.), has a short
black mark behind the co.^^tal margin within the white median band, as it is present
in one of mv males.

( 08 )

ITfi. Papilio stratiotes Smith; Rothsch., I.e. p. 41 ^

2 . The same as the male.

A specimen from Kina Balu, X. Borneo, in my collection.

177 (»'). Papilio aristeus t'nun. ; Hothsch., I.e. p. 418.

?. A specimen from Ratjan, in Dr. Staudinger's collection, is rather larger than
my malfs ; the white discal area is nuu-h more reduced, and the sulmiarginal lunules
of both wings are, above, very obscure.

180 (o). Papilio rhesus Boisd. ; Rothsch., I.e. p. 42.').

? . Staudinger's specimen from Minahassa, X. Celebes (Dr. Platen lef/.), has all
the bands narrower than they are in my riuije.t from S. Celebes, and the suhmarginal
spots of the forewings above are more shaded with brown scales.

11»8(</). Papilio agamemnon plisthenes tVld. ; Rothsch., I.e. \>. 453.

Dr. Staudinger's specimens from Batjan belong to (/uftatnn, not to plisthenes ;
mv two " Iktjan ''plisthenes are, therefore, not from that island.

202 (h). Papilio macareus indicus Rothsch., I.e. p. 4.57.
I received a second femiiie of this Indian subspecies from Upper Burma from
H. Frnhstorfer, which is not so brown as that described in the Revision, but has
the white streaks as large as they are in the incde.

210. Papilio leucadion Standing.; Rothsch., I.e. p. 461.

?. The pale markings are larger than in the male; the olilique black line
traversing the apex of the cell to the hindwings is very feeble.

A specimen from Batjan (Dr. Platen /er/.) in Dr. Staudinger's collection.

f H9 )

PRELIMINAEY DESCEIPTIONS OF SOME NEW BIRDS
FROM THE MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN CELEBES.

By ERNST HARTEET.

IN a very fiue colleetiou made by Mr. Alkred Everett are some very interesting
birds, which are new to science, and which are characterised in the following
notes. The most interesting fact illustrated by Me. Everett's collection is the
affinity to the avifauna of the mountains of Borneo which some of the species
show. Besides these new fomis, the collection contains a number of the species
described by Mr. .J. BI'ttikofer in the ^otes of the Ley den Museum 1893, such
as Merula celebensis, Stoparola meridionalis, Rhipidura teysmanni, and Pachycephala,
meridionalis, and all those recently discovered by Messrs. Sarasin in the same
country and described by Messrs. A. B. Meyer & L. W. Wiglesworth in the
Abhandl. und Bcricltte des Kuiiigl. Zoolof/. wild Anthvojiol. Ethnogr. Mus.
Dresden, i.e. Zosferops anomala, Crypitoloplia surashiorujn, Melilestes celebensis
meridionalis, and Pachycephala bonthaina.

A full list of the collection will be given in the next number of this journal.

1. Androphilus everetti sp. nov.

Supra rufo-lirniineus, 'stria snjierciliari grisea, regione auricnlari fusco-grisea,
albido striata, guttnre albido, pectore griseo, abdomine medio albicante-brnnneo,
corporis lateribus, regione anali, tibiis subcaudalibusqne rufo-branneis. Long. tot.
cr. 140—1.50 mm., al. 55 — 50, caud. 56 — 50, tars. 23, culm. 10, digit, med. 23.

Hub. Bonthain Peak, South Celebes.

This bird, of which a series of both sexes was collected in October 1895, on
Bonthain Peak and the hills surrounding it, at elevations of from about 2500 to
above 6000 feet, is of great interest.

It agrees with Aiidrop/iilus accentor Sharpe from Mt. Kina Balu in Borneo
(the type of which is before me) in all essential characters, and especially in having
only ten rectrices, a most important character first pointed out quite recently by
Me. Ogilvie Grant. In the sliape of the wing it agrees also fairly well with
A. accentor, the first primary being about three quarters of the second in length,
the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh nearly equal and longest, the whole wing very
full and rounded. The outer rectrices are about half as long as the central, and
they gradually increase in length towards the middle. The rectrices are loose and
soft, much as in Uphenoeacas. The sexes are similar in colour. The tarsus is
clothed with large scales, which are very distinct at the lower end, but partly fused
in the middle of the tarsus.

Above dark rufous brown, darker and less rufous on the head and neck. A
fairly well defined grey superciliary line. Chin and throat greyish white; ear-coverts
dark brownish grey, with white shaft-lines. Priniarios deep brown, bordered with
rufous l)rown outside. Breast dark greyish. Sides of body, under tail-coverts,
thighs, and vent rufous brown. Under wing-coverts dark brown. " Iris chocolate
brown. Bill black, base of mandible pale brown. Legs and claws olive-brown."
(A. Everett.)

( TO )

'-t. Chlorocharis squamiceps sp. nov.

Capitis superioriti iiliimis nigro-bruuneis, argenteo-griseo lu.irgiuatis, meilio
angnste albo lineatis, notaeo reliquo fusco-viridi. Gulae pluiuis albidis, uigres-
cente marginatis. Abdomine flavo, corporis latcribus viresceutibus, subcaudalibus
flavis. Long. tot. cr. 120 — 125 mm., a). 63 — iui, caud. -17 — 50, culm. 15.

Ilah. Bontbaiu Peak, Celebes.

A large series collected by Mn. Evkhett's men ou Bouthaiu Peak iu elevations
of 6000 feet and above. This species agrees structurally very well with Cltlorocharis
emiliac Sbarpe. This latter genus is one of the many genera of birds the charai^ters
of which were not fully described when introduced into science. Convenient as this
method is to the describer, it is very inconvenient and makes working nearly
impossible to those ornithologists who are not so fortunate as to have specimens
of the new genus at their disposal.

"Genus simile generi ^ Ci/anoih-niia'' dicto, sed cauda niagis (juadratA nee
rotnndata." This is all the description (//>/»• iNsS, p. ;5'.)2) of the genus, tliongli
the coloration of the species is carefully described and a good figure is given.
I, however, with the type and a number of other specimens before me cannot at all
agree that " C/doroc/iaris'' has any relation whatever to C>jano(h'rma, a genus
most closely allied and hardly generically separate from Mixonih. There is no
resemblance in the wing-formnla, no resemblance in the structure of the plumage,
nor any in coloration, form of tail, etc. In fact the structure almost entirely
agrees with that of the genus Zosferops. To this latter genus, in my opinion,
Clilorocliaris is closely allied, but not to any of the Timeliidae.

The present new species is dark green above, brightest on the rump, toj) of
head blackish-brown, each feather with a distinct narrow whitish shaft-line and
margined with silvery grey. Ear-coverts yellowish silvery white. Chin and throiit
whitish, the feathers of the latter witli blackish margins. Chest dirty yellow.
Abdomen yellow, sides of breast and abdomen olive-green. Under tail-coverts
yellow. Primaries and rectrices blackish, outer webs edged with the colour of the
rump, inner webs witli brownish white. Under wing-coverts whitish. Bill black,
feet brown. The sexes seem to be entirely alike.

'■>■ Cataponera turdoides gen. et sp. nov.

Genus ex afiinitate genemm " Garnilii.r," •' Rhinocichla,'' et " A llocotops "
(lictorum, sed cauda fere aequali distinguenda. Ala rotnndata, remige jirimo dimidio
secundi, sexto longissimo. Digitus uiedins paullum tarsn lirevior. Tarsus lamina
perpetua vestitus, imo parte panels tantum scutellis. Xaribus oblongis, jiluniis
usque ad nares attingentibus. Spatium postoculare calvum. Uictus et mentum
setis ornatis. Typus est -.-^

Cataponera turdoides.

(-'olore supra olivaceo-brunneo, capite dilutiore. IStria supraocularis lata a
rostri basi usque ad occiput vergens. fSubtus brunneo-olivaceo, abdomine ])allidi(>re,
imo fere albescente, subcaudalibus brunnescentibus, ]iallidiore striatis. Kostro
aurautiaco. Mento albido. Long. tot. cr. 2.50 mm., al. Il:i, caud. lo5, culm. 24,
tars. Ho, dig. med. cum ungue :52.

Iloh. Boiilhaiii Peak.

( ri )

Above (lark olivc-liruwii, more olive on tlif iiitersciX])uliiiin, back, aud rump,
more brown on the wings and tail, and lighter on the head, especially on the
forehead. Underside and sides of the head brownish olive, much paler ou the
abdomen and nearly whitish ou the lowest abdomen. (!hiu very pale, almost
whitish ; some feathers at the angle of the mouth and just below the chin with
blackish tips. A broad hlack stripe running from the lores over the eye towards
the na]ie. A triangular spot behind the eye bare. Under tail-coverts olive-brown
with whitish shaft-strijies. Under wing-coverts greyish olive. Bill orange. Feet
orange-yellow (in skin).

Several specimens from Bonthain Peak, (iOOo feet and above.

Altogether of a much Thrush-like appearance. The tail is nearly square,
the outer tail-feathers only about 9 mm. shorter than the central pair. The
feathers of the forehead reach in two angles towards the nostrils, which are large,
oblong, and but partly covered by a membrane. The gape an'/ th- feathers of the
chin have short bristles.

The generic name is given in reference to the difficulty and hardships con-
nected with the shooting of these birds in the great altitudes tliey inhabit.

4. Siphia omissa sp. no v.

The tiiphia from Celebes has hitherto been considered the same as Siphia ban-
i/iaiias (Horsf.), but Messrs. A. B. Meyer & Wiglesworth have already noticed that
a female they got from Messrs. Sarasin has " hell rOthlichbrauneu Ziigelstreif." *
This is indeed the most striking specific difference, i.e. that the adult female has the
lores pale orange rufous and that this colour meets on the forehead, while the adult
female of <S. hainjumax has two wlnte spots ou the lores, sometimes tinged with
yellowish, which are widely separated from each other on the forehead. Besides
this the ear-coverts are of a very deep bine, almost blackish, in 8. bani/umas, while
they are brown with pale shafts and tinged with pale bluish posteriorly in
iS'. oinissa. The ///ale.s of the two sjiecies are very much alike, but the upper ])art
of the throat, just below the black chiu, is not perce])tibly paler than the rest of the
throat in S. omissa, while there is a distinct though tiny white sjwt in /S'. haivjumas
and the whole throat is darker in S. omissa. Besides this the brighter blue colour
of the forehead and line above the eye is much lighter and more distinct in
.S'. omissa, where it may be said to be of a dark azure-blue. The upper surface too
oii\i& female is a little paler than in the female of iS. hanijmnas, while there is very
little difference in the colour of the ti])])erside in the males. Of S. omissa I have
before me a series of both se.xes and young from the hills of Indrulaman, about
'^500 feet high, jnst below Bonthain Peak (types), and a pair from the lake of
Tondauo, collected for Dr. A. P>. Meyer in 18!)~'. AVing : ? 72 — 73, S 75 — 78 mm.

* Abh. iind Jii'f, hiin. /^lud. itiid Antlirv^t. A/ii/i. Dtrxdcn No. S. p. U (180.")).

( '2)

ON A XEW SPECIES OF ATEUCHUS {ACTINOPHOBUS)

FEO]\r AUSTRALIA.

By JOHN \V. SHIPP.

Actinophorus leei sp. nov.

BLACK, shining. C'lypeus six-dentiite, with tho margin much reflexed und
eraargiuate. Occipital carina raised and smooth ; two transverse carinac
cross the disc towards the centre, where they become obsolete, being much jilaiiier
near the eyes ; disc slightly raised in the centre between the carinac. Head
coarsely and irregularly punctured ; near the margins the punctures have run
together, and are elongated near the front margin of the clypeus. Posterior portion
adjoining the thorax is very finely rugose. The margin of the cly])eus is furnisheil
with a number of porrect pitchy hairs. Maxillary palpi four-jointed.

Thorax rounded at sides ; anterior margin sinuate, emarginate, and smooth, tiie
lateral margins crcnulate and fringed with porrect jiifchy liairs ; posterior margin
slightly produced in centre, forming an almost obsolete scutcllery projection, with
a row of large punctures round the whole of the margin except the projection in
the centre, and each puncture with a small porrect bristle standing in it.

Thorax asperate, very sjjaringly punctured with fine ])unctnres, and slightly
pilose. A large cicatrix on each side near the lateral margins, with the discal side
raised into a small obtuse point.

El3'tra granulo-asperate and six-striate, the striae being formed of a series
of elongated punctures, which arc very plainly marked, the punctures being rather
deep. Interstices sparingly jiunctured, but the jjunctures are very fine. Sutural
ridges smooth and glabrous ; the first interstice is transversely wrinkled on the disc
and near the apex. Margins of elytra distinctly emarginate, the margins being smooth,
but the fold between the two marginal carinae is very thickly and coarsely ])unctui'ed.
Pygidium very finely granulo-as]jerate, and emarginate. Legs hairy ; anterior
femora finely punctate ; anterior tibiae four-dentate on outer margin, with the inner
margin finely crcnulate and a row of porrect hairs down the whole length of the
disc. Intermediate and posterior femora sparingly punctured uirli large jjinictures,
but quite glabrous on the underside near the apex. Hintl tiliiae and tarsi as in
Actinojjiiorus Creutz. Abdomen smooth ; sternum with a few hirge jiuuctures
scattered round the edges, almost impunctate on the disc, an impressed longitudinal
furrow on the disc, the keel being ridged in the centre. Sides of abdomen covered
with long pitchy hairs.
Long. corj). 18 mm.

Hah. Swan River, West Australia (type in the Triug JMusenni).
This is the only Atcitc/tun coming from the Australian Region with wliicli 1
am acquainted, and it certainly shows that the xiteiicliinur have extended their range
over a larger area than tlie majority of writers believed. Up to the jjresent time
this is, I believe, the only specimen oi Atcuchus (s.g. Actinoiilwnis) which has been
obtained south of the Indian or Oriental limit, and most probably why New (iiiiiua
and Australia arc so deficient in Ateurhinae is conse([uent upon the dearth nl' aiiiniiil
stcrcorc.

N'oVITATKS ZOOLOT.ICAE, \«l.. HI., I89G.

I'LATl: HI.

pJAPllOnAITKKVX IIAWKINSI Forbes

> NAT. SIZE.

( 73 )

ON THE EXTINCT BIEDS OF THE CHATHAM ISLANDS.

I'AHT I.— THE OSTEOi.UGV OF DIAPHURAPTERYX IIAWKINSI.

By C. W. ANDREWS, F.G.«.

(Plat.- III.)

I Is .March IS'JH Or. II. (>. Forbes announced, in a telegram to Naliwc* that he had
received from the Cliatham Islands, a grouii lying about oOO miles east of New
Zealand, a skull of a species of Aphanupteryx, for which he proposed the name
Aijhanapteryx hawkinsi. He subsequently f paid a personal visit to the islands,
and succeeded in obtaining a large collection of bird remains, including the more
important parts of the skeleton of Aph. haivkinsi, as well as of several other extinct
forms. These he has since named and in part described in various journals. In
a paper in the Ibis (189o, p. 254), following the advice of Prof. Newton, he referred
Aph. Iiaivkinsi to a new genus, Diapliorapteryx; but afterwards (torn. vit. p. 450),
having himself examined the specimens on which Milne-Kdwards founded Aphanup-
teryx broecki, he reverted to his original opinion and withdrew his new name.

During last summer, through the kindness of the Hon. Walter Kothschild, I
liad an opportunity of examining an immense collection of bird remains from the
Chatham Islands, consisting of many thousands of bones, mostly in good condition,
and including numerous skulls and other portions of the skeleton of Dlaphwapteryx.
In addition to the isolated bones, there are one or two more or less complete skeletons
which are of great value for purposes of determination. The great bulk of the
collection consists of remains of recent seabirds, such as Albatro.sses, Cormorants,
and Penguins; but, in addition to Diaphorapteryx,, there are many other extinct
forms, including some large species of Fidica, (?) Cabalus dieffenhachii, Pcdaeocwax
moriorum, and there are also a few seal bones, some human metapodials and
jihalanges, remains of rats and mice and of fish, but I have not found any reptilian
bones whatever.

I'^xamination of so large a mass of material has rendered it possible, not only to
obtain nearly complete skeletons of several of the extinct species, but also to form a
fairly accurate idea of the degree of individual \ariation occurring in some of them.
In the present paper I jiropose to consider the skeleton of Diaphm'apjteryx hau'Jdnsi
only, the other species being reserved for a future communication.

OSTKOLOtiV (»F DIAPIlOliM'TRRYX IIAWKIX.SI Fuuhk.s.

The skull. — Ciiiii)iarisou of I he skull with IIiosh of ( Icyilroiniis and t'ubalns shows
a( once its great similarity to them. The most noticeable differences are — (1) the
greater proportionate length of the beak; (2) the larger and more clearly defined
temporal fos.sae : (IS) the more si I'ongly develo])ed paroc('i]iital, maiiimillary, postorbital,
and other liony jirocesses. The last two characters ju-e clearlv correlated with the
increased size and weight of the skull and mandible, which render necessary larger

» V.il. XLV. lKfl2, |j. I HI. t yaliirc. Vol. .\LV. l.S!t2, p. 5S0.

( 74)

and more iioufilul muscles, and consetitu-ntly moit' strongly marked surfaces and
processes for their attachment.

The foramen vutgnmii is oval, with its long axis vertical ; it is slightly Hattened
below and constricted in the middle by a i)air of small processes which arise just
within its margin and project forwards and inwards. It resembles that of Aptornis,
but differs from those of Ocijdrontus, C'dhuhm, Hijijotiieiiidin, and ErythromaclnhS,
which are as wide or wider than high, and have a nearly straight lower border. The
occipital surface above the foramen slojies more forwards than in the smaller Ocydro-
mine rails, apparently owing to the relatively smaller size of the cerebellum. In
this respect there is more resemblance with Aptorais. From the upper edge of
the foramen a romided occipital ridge, most strongly developed in the larger skulls.
runs u}) to the lambdoidal crest. This latter is strongly developed ; in its middle
portion it runs transversely in a .straight line, and does not dip down towards the
foramen mufjnura, as in Aptornis. Laterally it is confluent with the temporal
ridge and forms the hinder border of the temporal fos.sae; its lower portion con-
stitutes the outer liorder of the immense [)aroccipital ]irocesses. These ])roject
considerably below the occipital condyle, and are much larger than in any other
rail I liave examined, though Aptoi'nis approaches them in this respect. Their
ventral border is divided by a semicircular incision into a larger outer and a smaller
inner lobe. In Aptornis there is no trace of this arrangement : but in Oci/drohm-s
and Cabalus the small paroccipital processes are distinctly bifid.

The cranial roof as far as the middle of the orbits is convex ; Imt anteriorly the
frontals are depressed in the middle line, the depression being deepest just behind
their junction with the premaxillae. .\mong the smaller rails this character is best
developed in Ocydroruus and Culxilns dieffenbachii, a nearly complete skeleton of
which is in the collection. 'J'he iuterorbital region of the frontals is much shoi'ter
and liroader in Diaphorapteri/.r than in the smaller Ocydromines ; in Porpkyrio,
on the other hand, it is considerably wider; while in Aptornis. owing to the
extension backwards of the na.sals and premaxillae, it is i>ractically wanting.

The temporal fossae are \ery large and deep; they extend well up into the roof
of the skull, and are there separated by a space about equal to the width of the ft-ontals
between the orbits, but varying somewhat in different individuals. I'osteriorly the
temporal ridge is confluent with the lambdoidal crest, as above mentioned ; anteriorly
in runs on to the outer surface of the postorbital process, enclosing a sort of lobe of
the main fossa. In the smaller Ocydromines this anterior lolie is usually a separate
muscle impression, marked off from the tem])oral fossa by a more or less clearly
defined ridge.

As in Oci/droiHKs, Gabalits, and llypulneuidiu, the u))per border of the orbit is
thick and truncate as far back as the postorbital process ; in Erylhromachus it is
rounded. The po.storbital processes are very large, l)ut do not extend downwards to
join the zygomatic processes of the squamosals, as in Aptornis; in Erylhromachus
these processes are extremely small. The posterior wall of the orbit bears a very
deep and clearly defined depression for the lachrymal gland, similar to that seen in
Ocydromus and Cabalus, but much more strongly developed.

The interorbital vacuity is of much the same form as in Ocydromns : just above
its anterior margin is the aperture of the tube in which runs the olfactory nerve; in
the smaller rails the channel for this nerve remains completely open.

The posterior portion of the basitemporal platform is not prominent and inflated
as in the smaller forms, hut is slightly concave from side to side, and lies about

( 7o)

on a level with the lower edge of the occipital condyle, froiu which it is separated
hv a very slightly marked precondylar fossa. At the sides it is raised into the very
large and prominent mammillary processes (ra.) to which ^Ir. Forbes has drawn
attention : they extend below the paroccipital processes, and are separated from them
by a deep cleft at the bottom of which the vatpis foramen, opens. In the smaller rails
the mammillary processes are very slightly developed ; in Aptornis they are carried
far below the level of the occipital condyle, owing to the peculiar arrangement of the
precondylar region, which is directed downwards nearly at right angles to the long
axis of the skull. The anterior portion of the basitemporal platform is somewhat
inflated, and is united laterally with the prominent pretemporal wing.

The rostrum resembles that of Ocijdromits. At its base, immediately in front
of the eustachian opening, there is a small longitudinal cleft, a]i]iarently the remnant
of the pituitary s})ace.

The form of the tympanic cavity is very similar to that of Ctihalas or Ocydroiuan,
differing only in the deepening of its posterior wall consequent upon the increased
size of the paroccipital process. The pretemporal wing above mentioned forms a
large rounded prominence, internal to the articular surface for the inner head of
the quadrate.

The ethmoidal region also closely resembles that of Ocydronius, but the
antorbital plate is somewhat less developed. In all the skulls I haxe examined the
lachrymal has lieen lost.

The beak is very long and decurved, but both the length and curvature are
subject to considerable individual variation. The relation of the premaxillae and
nasals to one another and to the froutals is the same as in Ocydromus. The narial
opening, though large, is less in proportion to the size of the skull than in the
smaller Oeydromines : and the increased length of the beak in the fossil is entirely
due to the elongation of the premaxillae in front of the nostril, thisprenarial portion
being rather more than half the total length of these bones measured along the facial
process. In this elongation of the beak Cfihalus sylvestris, among living (Jcydromine
rails, approaches the fossil most nearly. The palatal surface of the united premaxillae
is channeled by a deep longitudinal groove, narrowing somewhat from behind
forwards.

Themaxillo-palatine platesand the jialatines are very Ocydromine, but the scroll-
like portion of the latter bones is njore decurved and inroUed at the edges. i\I]-. Forbes
has jiointed out that the posterior ends of the palatines do not meet in the middle
line beneath the rostrum, but this may be merely due lo the loss of the pterygoids
allowing them to spring apart in the dry skull. The vomer, which is very rarely
preserved (it is present in a specimen in the Natural History Museum), is relatively
shorter than in Ocydroiuus, and does not api)ear to have anchylosed with the i)alatines.

The quiulrate has the articular surface for the mandilile similar to that of
Ocydromiis or Cabalus sylvestris, but its orbital process is proportionately larger.

The mandible much resembles those of Ajjhanapieryx and Erythromuchus, but
there are some well-marked differences. .\nteriorly it is much more sharply
decurved (in this respect, however, as in Ivrylhrouiachnii, there is considerable
variatioMj, and the symphysial portion ^e(■ln^ to be wider and niucb less com])ressed
than in Aphanapteryx.

The articular region is proportionately larger and more uiassi\e than in that
genus; the outer articular surface projects beyond the ramus, and the inner is
broader and ajiparently more continuous with tlie outer. The posterior border of the

( 'C^ )

angular process is more nearly vertical, and it projects to a less degree posteriorly
and more ventrally than that of the JIauritian bird. The points of difference from
Erythromachus are much the same.

As already mentioned, there is considerable individual variation in size, both in
the skull and other portions of the skeleton of this species. Indeed Mr. Forbes has
suggested that there may really be several distinct species. 15ut e.xamination of more
than twenty skulls and a very large series of limb-bones shows that there is, in fact,
only one, the interval between the largest and the smallest individuals being completely
bridged over by many intermediate varieties. The table appended will give some idea
of the variations in the size of skull and mandible : —

SkuU.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

^

'.(

li'

11

!■_'

i:;

11

Mm

Mm

Mm.

Mm

Mm,

Mm

Mm.

Mm.

Mm.

Mm

Mm.

Mm

Mm.

Mm.

Length from tip of beak to middle

of occipital condyle .

111

114

142

141

135

135

135

134*

134

130

129

124

122

120

Widtli between the ends of the

postorbital processes .

17

46

47

48

48

47

46

49

47

44

43

41

42

Greatest width between the outer

edges of paroccipital processes .

48

...

44

45

42

42

40

42

43

40

39

37

38

40*

Least width of froutals between

orbits

20

17

lil

20

19

17

18

19

19

17

17

17

16

17

Width of temporal fossae in a hori-

zontal line from tips of post-

orbital processes

23

25

26

23

25

25

24

22

22

22

28

20

22

22

Length of cranio-facial axis

60

58*

60

57

58*

54»

60»

58

65

50"

52

Length of roof of cranium

50

51

55

52

53

49

51

51

53

50

48

45

44

Greatest length of preinaxillae

100

90

99

96

94

99

95

92

92

95

89

86

88

8S

Length of nasal aperture .

35

35

36

,34

32

37

32

33

33

33

30

30

32

32

Length of beak in front of nasal

aperture

62

43

52

50

49

48

49

46

47

48

48

45

45

45

Ivcast distance between the upper

ends of the temporal fossae

17

18

18

15

15

15

17

18

20

19

14

17

18

17*

Width of articular surface of quad-

rate

13

14

13

14

12

12

14

13

12

Mandible.

1
127

2

1
3 [

4

5 6 7

8

no

9

10

Length of mandible ....

126

12n

124

120» 119 1 lis '

110

108

Greatest height of mandibular ramus

16

1.",

17

16

15 15 13

13

13

14

Length of symphysis

43

i "

1(1

40

38 , 45 :iS

40'

38

34

Greatest width of symphysis .

8

1 9

1

8 1 9

10 1 8 8

8 . 8

s

Numbers marked with an asterisk are only approjtimate.

The skulls in columns 3 and s, and mandibles in 3 and 1, are in the Britislj Museum.

These considerable indi\idual difierences in the size of the .skull and mandible
are accompanied by equal differences in the dimensions of the other portions of the
skeleton, measurements of some of which will l)e given below.

Most flightless birds apjiear to be suljject to this great variability ; for instance, il
is well marked in Didus, Pezophnps* Erylhromachim, and among the Dinornithidae,
although in the last case its e.xtent is a.\A to be imdere.slimated, owing to the practice
of giving distinct names to forms differing slightly in size only. Its cause must be

• Sec A. and E. Newton, •■ On the Osteology of the Solitaire " (/'//«. rriiiig. Vol. fl.l X. 1869. p. 336),
where the probable cause of this variation is discussed.

( " )

sought in the changed conditions under which such birds exist. In the first instance
the absence of enemies on the insular areas inhabited bj- them leads to the loss of
the power of flight through the reduction of the wing by disuse, or by the natural
selection of the less strongly flying individuals; by this profound change of habit
the organism is thrown out of equilibrium with its environment, and variations,
eliminated under ordinary circumstances, survive. The reason why these variations
tend towards an increase of bulk may be that the expenditure of energy is much
less. It must, however, be pointed out that very great ditTerences of size also
occur among ordinary birds within the limits of a species. In an important
paper* published in 1871, J. A. Allen has shown that individual variation in the
size of the body to the extent of from fifteen to twenty per cent, often occurs in
many species of North American Passeres, while in particular measurements the
range may be much greater. In different skulls of Dicrphorcqjieryx the beaks are
commonly dissimilar, not only in size but also in form (degi-ee of cm-vature, etc.),
but since in the above-quoted paper somewhat similar differences are shown to
occur in such species as Mniotilla varia and Quiscalus versicolor, there can be
no excuse for establishing new species on the strength of such variations.

Vertebrae. — No complete vertebral column has been found, the most perfect series
only consisting of sixteen vertebrae, and of these some may not belong to the same
individual as the rest ; there is, therefore, some doubt as to the precise number in
the various regions of the column, but, partly from examination of a large series of
odd vertebrae, and partly from comparison with Ocydromus, I conclude that there
were 13-14 true cervicals and 2 cervico-dorsals. Of the number of dorsals it is
impossible to be certain ; none were anchylosed with one another.

The atlas is very similar to that of Ocydromus, but the neural arch is propor-
tionately much broader and the hypapopbysis is larger.

The axis has a much larger and more massive neural spine than that of Ocydromius,
and the hypapopbysis, instead of forming a sharp keel-like outgrowth, is expanded
at its hinder end into a X-shaped structure. In the ne.xt vertebra (3rd) the median
bar of the X is much reduced, and the two lateral processes come oft" from the hinder
portion of the centrum almost independently, being only united by a trans\erse ridge
which represents the remnant of the median hypapopbysis. In the next vertebra
(4th) the paired hypapophyses rise quite sejiarately from the hinder end of the
centrum, and project nearly vertically downwards, enclosing a channel for the
carotid (?), just as the catapophyses on the 7th, 8th, and 9th cervicals do. In all the
smaller rails the hypapopbysis on the anterior cervicals is simple ; in Aplornis on
the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th it is j_-shaped, but in no case are there two distinct
hypapophyses, as in the present species.

On the fourth cervical there is a well-developed interzygapophysial bar enclosing
a large interzygapophysial foramen. This does not occur in any of the other
vertebrae.

On the fifth the catapophyses appear, and in the succeeding five or six vertebrae
they gradually increase in size, and approach one another till they nearly completely
enclose a carotid canal. In the last vertebra in which they occur they are reduced
in size and rise from a common base, and in the following vertebra they are replaced
by a median forwardly projecting hypapojihysis similar to that seen in Ocydromus.
In the succeeding vertebrae this process is gradually reduced in size. In the last
cervical, the two (?) cervico-dorsals, and first one or two dorsals, in addition to the
* Hidl. Mm. Ciivij). XooUigij. Ilnrvtivd, Vol. II. p. ISii.

( 78)

hj-papopli\'sif, there is a pair of ventral processes standing immediately below the
parapophvses. The centra of tho posterior cervicals and anterior dorsals are perforated
bv jmeumatic foramina.

In the cervical region behind the fourth vertebra tiie neural spines are almost
obsolete, but in the (?) last cervical there is a short and broad one, and iu the
succeeding cervico-dorsals and dorsals they form large nearly rectangular plates
closely similar to those of Ocydromus. The exact number of dorsals is uncertain —
none of them ancliylosed with one another, but the last is fused to the lumbo-sacral
series. These latter will be referred to in the description of the pelvis.

The ribs, of which six pairs are united with the sternum, are very broad and solid
at their upper ends; in all cases the uncinate processes are lost, having ajuiarentlv
been but loosely connected with the hinder border of the rib.

In its general structure the slernuin very closely resembles that of L'ri/tlrromachus,
Ocydromus, and C'abalus, but the keel is much more reduced than in any of these,
and seen from the side is similar to that of Aphanripteri/.r. hroecki, lately figured bv
Xewton li Gadow.* In the larger specimens the ajicx of the keel is liifurcate, as in
Ocydromus, but in the smaller individuals only a trace of this structure is visible ; in
C'abalus sylvestris, C. diejfenhachil, Erythromachvs, and Aphanapteryx the ape.\ of
the crista is simple. The coraeoid grooves are widely separated from one another, and
their lower lips are not connected by any ridge : in Ocydromus, C'abalus diefenhackii,
and Ajjhanajdery.e there is alwajs a more or less distinct ridge between them.
Cabalus sylvestris ajiproaehes the fossil most nearly in this respect. The antero-lateral
processes are very large, and the tubercles for tlie attachment of the sterno-coracoid
ligaments are prominent, much more so than in Apjhana,ptery.e. In some specimens
the concavity of the ujiper surface of the sternum is much deeper than in others.
There are facets for the attachment of six pairs of sternal ribs.

COMI'ARATIVE DIMENSIONS (iX MILLIMETRES) OF THE StEKNA I.N SEVERAL FLIGHTLESS

Kails (1\Ieasi:re.ments of t\ao Speclmens ok that of UiAPHORArTEKY.x are
cihen) and 0I-- HYroTAENii)i.\ celebensis, Kalli's aquaticl's, and Tribonyx

MORTIERI.

^.

»■

J

! :

s

1

•2

•a

•s

• J

II

51

1

II

i.

o

a

a

c

a

O

O

e

K

a

H

Width between end of antero-

t

lateral processes .

•13

42

2«

29

2:!

22

20 approx.

16 approx.

41

Width between inner ends of

coraeoid ^-oovcs .

M

11

3

G

5

5

2 approx.

2

4

Width between anterior rib

articulations

;!-.

32

21

22

20

19

Ifi approx.

14 approx.

37

Width at narrowest part .

17

17

10

11

11

10

G

22 ;

Greatest length (from top of

antero-lateral processes to

end of external xiphoid

processes) ....

liS

68

50

48

47

47

40

72

Length in median line

3S

53

46

40

38

3G

47

38

62 '

Height of kiel (measured from

inner surface tu hieli'-<t

point) .

'

~

"

8

10

12

13

11 ap.

• " On Additional Bones of the Dodo and other Extinct Birds of Mauritius," Tram. Zool. Sue. Vol. XI 1 1 •
(1893), PI. XXXV. Kiga. 14—16.
t This is the specimen 6g«red.

( "9 )

The posterior region is unlike that of any other ralline sternum I have examined,
and is subject to consideralile individual variation. Instead of the short median and
deep lateral notches, bounded externally by long slender lateral processes which
project far beyond the median ones, there are here a median and two pairs of shallow-
lateral notches, bordered by three pairs of short processes. ]5otli the notches and
the processes are very irregular and inconstant in form ; in some specimens the
external notch is converted into a fenestra, and the inner pair of processes are almost
obsolete.

The coracoid is very similar to that of Ocydromits, but is relatively shorter, and
is thicker in proportion to its length ; it also has a much smaller, indeed almost
rudimeutarv procoracoid process, while the acrocoracoid is larger and more swollen ;
its lower extremity is wider, and it has a fairly prominent lateral (hyosternalj process.
There is a supra-coracoid (subclavicular) foramen, below which the inner border is
sharp and somewhat irregular; the inner angle is produced into a sharp angular
process. The posterior surface of the bone is hollowed by an extensive sterno-coracoid
impression.

The dimensions of the coracoids associated with the figured sternum are : —

Length, 40 mm.; greatest breadth, 16 mm. ; least ditto, 5 mm.

Expressed, according to Fiirbringer's method, in terms of the average length of
a dorsal vertebra (11 mm.), its length is roughly 3-5, its breadth 1-5.

The scapida differs only from that of Ocydromus in being somewhat less curved
in having a somewhat more expanded distal end and a more massive articular end,
with a smaller acromium process. Its length, in the same individual as that to which
the coracoids above described belong, is 65 mm., its greatest breadth (at the
articular end) 12 mm.; or, expressed in terms of the length of a dorsal vertebra,
6 and 1 nearly.

As already mentioned, the scapula and coracoid above described Ijelong to the
same individual, and the most interesting point about them is tliat, when they ai-e
placed in their natural position relatively to one another as nearly as their articular
surfaces allow one to judge, they make an angle of nearly 130" with one another,
a much larger one than occurs in any other carinate liird except perhaps Aptornia.
In most C'ariimt(te the angle is less than a right angle, but in Ocydromus and Bidux
rather greater. The coraeo-scapular angle of Hesperornis is aliout the same as in
Diaphorapteryx. Much importance has Iseen attached to the form of this angle,
since in all the Ratitae it is very obtuse (from 130 — 160 degrees), while in the
flying birds it is, as already stated, less than a right angle ; but iu such forms as
Dutphorapieryx, Ocydronias, and Didus, in which the power of flight has been lost,
the aceompan3-ing increase in this angle appears to be merely the mechanical result
of the reduction in length of the coracoid or of the increase in the size of the thorax,
or of both. It is possible that, owing to the difficulty of determining tlie precise
position of the bones with regard to one another, the size of the angle may be found
to be somewhat overestimated; but I do not fliiuk this is the case to any serious
extent.

The humerus has the characteristic twisted appearance of tiiat of the
Ocydromiue rails. It is about eLpial in length to tliat of Aphanapteryx hroechi,
recently figured by Xewtou & Gadow,* but it is considerably stouter and lias more
massive articular ends ; the shaft is also less curved, and the median tubercle is
larger. A blunt ectepicondylar process projects beyond tlie border of the bone. In

• Z.IW ciL, ?1. XXXV. Figs. 17, IS.

( 80 )

an OeyrlromtiS in wliicli the bone is aliout tlie same length as in tlie fossil, the siialt
is mncli more slender; and in Cahnlus sylvcstris and C. dutfenhachii, in which,
however, the bone is much smaller, its proportions differ from the fossil in the same
way.

The ulna is similar in structure to that of Ocyilromufi, but is consideralilv shorter
and thicker; there is a deep depression for the hmcliiaJis anlicun, him] the points
of insertion of the secondaries are well marked.

The radius is also shorter and thicker than in Ocydromus.

The metacarpus is extremely short and stout, and the proximal end is dispro-
portionately large. The second metacarpal is very much thicker than the third
which is laterally compressed. The first metacarpal is less prominent than in
Ocydrovius and Cabaius, and forms a rectangular prominence. .\t the post-axial
end of the pnlleylike surface for the carpals there is, on the outer side, a very large
deep pit into which the outer end of the " cuneiform " fits when the mauus is flexed
upon the forearm.

The 1>i;xgth in .Millimetres or the Puinctpal Boxes oe the Wi.no.

£

..

>.

a

..n

.3 .

1*

1-

li

s

a

■D
1

11

II

|1

is

—

■<

M

o

o

o

-

P

a.

i.

Humerus ....

57-68

60—66

45— .50

47

ni

.';2

45

47

66

Ulna

U

37—42

36

37-5

42

...

12

49

Hadius ....

40

37

32

.32-8

38

31

40

45

Metacarpus

27

24(?)

24

28 approx.

28

22

29

37

In a skeleton of Binphorapteryx in which all the wing-bones probably belonged to one individual
the respective lengths of humerus, ulna, radius, and metacarpus are fi5, 44, 10, 27 niiu.

Except that it is considerably broader in proportion to its length, the pelvis
is very like that of Ocyilroiiius. The obturator notch is, however, more rounded,
and the ischiadic foramen somewhat different in form. The supra-acetabular crest
of the ilium is more strongly developed than in Ocydromus, Erythromackus,
and Cabaius, but behind the acetabulum the ridge is smaller than in those
birds, and is not ])roduced outwards into a pointed process overhanging the surface
for the ischio-femoral muscle. In the preacetabular region the lower borders of
the ilia are less concave than in Ocydromus; the upper borders unite above the
neural spines to form a crest strongly convex from before backwards. In some
specimens the ilio-neural canals remain open posteriorly ; in others they close.
As in Ocydromus and Cabaius sylvestris, the upper sm-face of the sacrum behind
the iliac crest is somewhat depressed and concave from side to side ; there is a
number of irregularly placed interosseous foramina. The pectineal processes are
\ery small.

The fir.st of the fused vertelirae which constitute the "sacrum" has its neural
spine almo.st comjiletely overlapped by the ilia; it bears capitular and luliercular
facets for articulation with a free rib, and really belongs to the thoracic region. The
succeeding five vertebrae (lumbar) are united with the ilia by their transverse
processes, which increase in size from before backwards; in Ei-ythromachus and

( 81 )

Cahalus dieffenbachii there .are only four such vertebrae, but Ocydromus resembles
the fossil in this respect. Behind the interacetabular fossae come three vertebrae
with long slender processes ; in the smaller rails there are usually only two. Behind
these again there are two vertebrae with short stout transverse processes abutting
against the inflected border of the ilium. There are in all fourteen vertebrae in the
" sacrum." As in other rails, the posterior renal fossae form large pocket-like recesses,
partly floored by an inflected portion of the ilia.

The dimensions (in millimetres) of six specimens of the pelvis were : —

1

2

S

4 5 U

Extreme length of ilium .
Width between antitroclianters
Least preacetabular widtti
Length of sacrum ....

106
49

21
86

103
50
22

8S

101

48
21
80

ion 96 92
47 46 44
21 21 19
77 77 75

In the femur the curvature characteristic of the rails is well markeS. The only
points in which it differs from that of Ocydromna are — (1) it is somewhat stouter
in proportion to its length ; ('!) at the lower end of the linea aspera there is a short
cristiform ridge, running obliquely to the median angle of the inner condyle, and
forming the inner border of the comparatively shallow popliteal fossa (this crest
is also wanting in Aphawipteryx and Erythromachus, but is well developed in
Fidica) ; (3) the surface for the fibula does not form a groove, but is a mere shelf.
The points of attachment of the sling for the tendon of the biceps cruris are well
marked, as are all the muscle impi-essions.

The femora of Aphaiiapteryx and Erythroriiaclias also closely resemble the fossil,
but judging from the figure, the former appears rather straighter. In Aptornis
the femur is proportionately considerably stouter, is nearly straight, and has a dee))
popliteal fossa.

The length of this lione ranges from about 90 to 106 mm., the largest specimen
thus being roughly 18 per cent, larger than the smallest. The average size of
thirty-three specimens was 97'-l mm. ; in a specimen of that size the width of
the distal end is 23 mm., of the proximal end 22 mm., and of the middle of the
shaft S"5 mm.

The tihio-titrsus is extremely like that of Aphaiiapteryx broecki, and con-
sequently, as ]\Iilne-Edwards has shown in his valuable paper on that bird, it is very
similar to the tibia of Ocydromtis. The shaft, however, appears to be somewhat
straighter, and the extremities, particularly the lower, more massive; the upper
articular sm-face is proportionately wider from side to side, and the outer and inner
glenoid facets are separated behind by a wider notch. As in Aphanapteryx, there
is a deep fossa between the inner glenoid facet and the base of the anterior cnemial
crest; this latter rises above the articular surface to a somewhat greater degree than
in the Mauritian bird.

The channel for the tendon of l\w jjeroueus profundus is only slightly marked,
the retinaculum remaining unossified in all the specimens I have seen. The fibular
crest is prominent, and the lower end of the fibula reached down to about the
junction of the middle and lower thirds of the bone. The length of this bone varies
from 122 to 140 mm., the longest specimen measured being about 1 J per cent, longer
than the shortest. The average length of twenty-eight specimens was 130 mm. In

6

( 82 )

a specimen 135 mm. long the width of the proximal articular sm-face is 21, uf the
distal end 19, and of the middle of the shaft 8.

Iht- tilnda is greatly expanded at its upper extremity ; opposite the lower end
of its union with th^ fibular crest is a large rough surface for the insertion of the
biceps cruris. Its lower portion is styliform, and extended to about the commence-
ment of the lower third of the tibia. The fibula associated with the tibia of whieli
the measurements have just been given is 80 mm. long, and its upper end is
13 mm. wide.

It is in the tarso-^metatarsus that the differences between Diaphoraptei-yx and
A phanapteryx are most emjjhasised, that of the former being short and stout, tliat
of the latter comparatively long and slender; it has, however, been suggested by
Forbes that the tibia and metatarsus described by IMilni'-lvlwards may not belong
to the same species.

As in most rails, the inner glenoid surface is higher than the outer, and there
is a prominent intercondylar tubercle; the whole proximal articular surface is
considerably more extended transversely than in Aphanapteryx and Ocydromiis.
The talon forms apparently a much more prominent mass than in Ajihanapte^'yx,
but the sj)ecimen figured by Milne-Edwards is said to be somewhat broken. In the
arrangement of the crests it is very closely similar to Ocydroraus in most s])ecimens ;
but in some the inner crest is much produced backwards and curves somewhat
outward towards the main ridge, while the intermediate one is almost absent. The
peculiar hypotarsus of Aptoiiiis, which consists of two high crests meeting posteriorlv
and enclosing a large canal, may have originated in this way. On the anterior
surface of the bone the two interosseous foramina open at different levels, the inner
being the higher ; in many specimens this inner interosseous channel has no aperture
on the posterior surface of the bone. On the inner side of the inner foramen there
is a well-marked channel for the tendon of the extensor communis digitorum. The
inner rugosity for insertion of the tibialis (inticu^ is considerably the larger ; in some
specimens the two are completely confluent.

The shaft of the bone is much flattened from liefore backwards ; there is a very
large surface for the attachment of the hallux. There is a large foramen for the
adductor of the outer digit. The distal trochleae are very large and set wider apart
than in the smaller rails, and even than in Ocydromus, in this respect resembling
Aphmapteryx ; the inner trochlea is greatly reflected backwards.

The whole Iwne diverges from the normal ralhne form in its short stout shaft
and its expanded extremities ; in these respects it approaclies the metatarsus of
Aptornis, which has been still further modified in the same direction, and differs
from our fossil in the form of its talon, in the fact that its glenoidal cavities are
nearly at the same level, in possessing a still broader and more flattened shaft, and
in the arrangement of the distal trochleae. Owen regarded it as modified for
" rasorial " purposes, and \>('r\\iy\-,i^ Diaphorapleryx\r,v\ to a less extent adojited similar
habits.

The length of this bone ranges from 63 to 78 mm. in length, the longest
being about 24 per cent, longer than the shortest. The average size of fifty-five
specimens was C9 mm. In a specimen 70 mm. long the width of (lie proximal end
is 20 mm. and of the distal 21 mm. ; the antero-posterior diameter of I he middle of
the shaft (i mm., that from side to side 10 mm.

In the following table the relative lengths of the femur and metatarsus compared
with the tibia in various birds is given, the latter being taken as 100 in all cases : —

Feml'R.

Metataescs.

74

54

71

41

es

63

65 (?)

67

62

59

70

56

72

58

80

64

60

57

64

62

( 83 )

Diaphoraptrryx hawkins' ...
Aptornis defossor ...
Triboiif/x mortier'i ...
Aphamqiteryx broecki
Erythromachus legiiatJ
Ocydromus f uncus ...
Ciihalus nylvestris ... . .
Hypotaenidla celehetisis
Fulica atra ...
liallus aquaticus

A comparison of the relative proportions of the fore and hind limbs in Diaph&r-
apteryx and other birds may be of some interest, and the following table shows tliis
approximately, the length of the leg being taken as 100 : —

Wim:.

D'u(phoraptery.c hawkinai ... ... ... ... 44 approx.

Ocydromus fuacus ... ... ... ... ... 46'5

Trihonyx mortieri ... ... ... ... ... 48

Ei-ythromachiiti h:guatl ... ... ... ... 52 approx.

(?) Cahalus dicffenbach/i 52

Cabalu.i sylivslri.s 58

Hypotarnidia celebeiisis ... ... ... ... 59'5

Rallus uquaticus ... ... ... ... ... 64

Fulica atra 82

In making this calculation the length of the wing is taken as the sum of the lengths
of the humerus, radius, and metacarpus, because in the fossils the phalanges are
wanting ; since, however, these latter are gi-eatly affected in the reduction of the
wing, their omission tends to make difference between the wings of the flightless and
flying forms appear somewhat less than it really is. The length of the leg is, of
course, taken as the sum of the lengths of the/cm(tr, tibm, and metatarsus.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that Diap}i,orapter}/x is merely an
Ocydromine rail, in which the reduction of the wings has advanced somewhat farther
than in the living forms, and has been accompanied by a lengthening of the beak
and a considerable increase in bulk. Milne-Edwards* has shown that Apjhanapterijj:
is likewise an Ocydromine i-ail which has undergone a similar series of modifi-
cations, and its similarity to DiapjliwapAeryx is so remarkably great that Forbes
was justified in his hesitation in according the Chatham Island bird generic
rank ; but the inferences he draws from the similarity of the two forms do not a]ipear
well founded. He considers + that their occiuTenee in ^lauritius and the Chatham
Islands is strong evidence that these were formerly connected with the great Antarctic
Continent, for the existence of which a large body of evidence has been brought
forward by various writers. It is true that the geological structtu-e of the Chatham
Islands tends to show that they form part of a continental area, since they are largely
formed of sedimentary deposits consisting of clay-slates, limestones, % and various
fossiliferous tertiary deposits, which, according to Hutton, § probably range from the

• '■ Sur les AffinitSs Zoologiques cic l'-\phaiiaptciy.'c," Ann. Set. Nat. (5 series), Vol. X. (1868), p. ;i25.

t " Tlie Chatham Islanrls : Their lii-latioii to a former Southern Continent," Siippletnentary Papirt of
the Moi/al (leuyraphieal Society, Vol. III., l'(. 4 (IS'.IS), p. 607 (with map).

I Von Haast, " On the Eock-Sirecimens collecteil h\ H. H. Travei-s, Esi]., in the Chatham Island?, '
Trans. N. Z. Instit. Vol. I. (ISGit), p. ISO (with map).

§ Catal. Tert. .Moll, and Ecli. K Z. In Coll. Colonial Mmcitm. Introduction, p. viii. Wellington, 1^73.

( 84)

Upper Eocene to the Ipi.t-i Miocene; bul, on the other hand, there is nothing in
their present fauna to show that since their hist emergence they have been connected
with any land area whatever. On the contrary, it seems clear that since that period
they have never been united even with New Zealand, for not a trace of any of the
Dinornilhidae, Aptery.c, Cnemiornis, Aptoniis, or any of tlie flightless birds charac-
teristic of those islands have been foimd in them. Jloreover, as Mr. Forbes himself
has pointed out, no fragment of the skeleton of D'wphoraptei-yx is recorded from
New Zealand. This complete difiference in the flightless birds of the two areas
does not seem to be outweighed by the oecmTence of Hatteii-ia, remains of which
Mr. Forbes states he has found on Wharekauri, the main island ; indeed, since in the
whole of the immense collection of bones at the Tring JMuseum no reptilian remains
occur, it seems possible that this determination may be due to a mistake. Dr. Gadow*
has, I think, given the true exijlanation of the hkeness of Diaphorapteryx and
Aphanapteryx to one another, namely, tliat it is the result of parallelism of evolution,
or, in other words, similar conditions acting on similar organisms have produced like
results. The ancestors in the two cases, generalised rails capable of flight, were
probably of different genera, or, at least, species. In the case of Bmphorapteryx this
ancestor was most likely some widely spread form, such as Hypotaenidia phili2ypinensi8
is at the present day, individuals of which from time to time reached New Zealand,
Lord Howe Island, and the Chatham Islands, the channels between which may
formerly have been narrower than at present. The modified descendants of these
birds are now refen-ed to the genera Diaphorapteryx, Cahcdus, and Ocydrmiius, the
most highly modified forms being the outcome of earlier, the less altered of later
colonisations. In any ca-<e there can be little doubt that these rails became flightless
in the islands they now inhabit, and cannot therefore be regarded as evidence of the
former extension of laud ; in other words, they are of no value in determining former
geographical conditions, since they are themselves the oiatcome of the present one.

* Bronii's Thierriifli, Arcs, Vol. 1 1. (Systcniatischer Thcil.). ]■. UH.

le MAR ;396

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

Vol. III. JUNE, 1890. No. 2.

FURTHER NOTES ON GIGANTIC LAND TORTOISES.

By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD.

HAVING lately become possessed of the very fine collections made by Dr. Georg
Baur on the Galapagos Islands, some interesting facts have come to li'dit in
connection with the tortoises collected on that expedition. The total number
recorded by Dr. Baur consists of twenty-one specimens, of which three sjjecimens
from South Albemarle and four from Duncan Island have passed into my possession.
In an article in the American NaturfiUst for December 1889 Dr. Baur publishes an
elaborate and most valuable supplement to Dr. Giinther's famous work on the
Gigantic Land Tortoises, living and extinct, which was published in 1877. In this
article, among other notes, Dr. Baur gives a synoiisis of all the species then known
to inhabit the Galapagos group. In this synopsis he, to my mind, proves that
elephantopus Harl. is the vicina of Giinther, that elephantopus Jackson {nee Harl.)
was new, and that elephantopvs Giinth. (nee Harl.) was also without a nanje. To the
two latter he gi\es the names of Testudo galapagoensis and T. gautheri respectively.
He therefore recognises six species of tortoise.s from the Galapagos Islands.
Dr. Baur, however, from certain records, tries to prove that Dr. Giinther's Testudo
ephippiuiii is identical with ?'. ahingdonii of the same author. This he goes to
pro\'e on circumstantial evidence only, for he entirely ignores the fact, partially
stated in the description, that T. ephippium has the thickest carapace of all this
group, while Testudo ahiiigdonii has a carapace almost as thin as paper in most
parts. Under these circumstances I think we are justitied in accepting .seven
distinct species as being known to have inhabiled the Galapagos Islands, as follows : —

Testudo abingdonii Giinth., Abingdon Island.

T. ephippium Giinth.

2\ elejjjumtojjus Harl., >South Albemarle.

T. 'inicrophyes Giinth., North Albemarle.

T. nigrita D. & B.

T. galapagoensis Baur, Charles Island.

T. gilntheri Baur, James Island.

As there are, however, many more islands on which, as we know from records as
late as 1835, there were tortoi.ses, we can, I think, fairly assume that the Galapagos
Islands held at the time of their discovery at least fifteen species of tortoises.

Before proceeding to the discussion of Dr. Baur's specimens, I think it will be
of interest to give a translation of that portion of the narrative of Dr. Baur's
expedition, in the Beilnge der Miinchener AUgemeinen Zeitung, Nos 2(> — 29, 1892,
wliirh deals willi the (^qitnrc of llic tortoises.

7

( 8fi )

"Albemarle is the largest of the Galapagos Islands, and at the same time was
the least well known ; till my visit only four species of birds had been recorded.
Therefore one of my principal tasks was to more closely explore this island, and
we accordingly stayed on the island about three weeks.

" During this stay we succeeded in observing no less than fori;/ species of birds.
Here also we encountered the first Giant Land Tortoises, about which I will now proceed
to speak. I only wish to remark that Albemarle Island reminds one in flora very
closelv of Indefatigable Island, and its fauna also strongly resembles that of the latter
island. Already on the second day after our arrival I made a tour with Silva on to
the mountainous highlands in order to become acquainted with the Land Tortoises.
All along the shore they are no longer to be found, having long ago been exterminated
by whalers and the gatherers of orchilla moss ; but, according to the assertions of our
men, thev are still to be met with in the difficult and very inaccessible parts of
the interior. ■\

(_ ■• On the morning of July loth we set oiir shortly after sunrise. The road first

passes along the shore across meadow-land, and then through mangrove thickets by
the side of a lagune. Farther on we go up the mountain by a road which Siha had
cleared a little the day before, but still through thick underwood which arches over
above our heads, producing an agreeable shade and coolness, ^\'e wander along thus,
perhaps for half an hour, uphill. The road consists of crumbled lava. We continually
pass large manzauilla trees, which give delightful shade and always present nice green
resting-places. More and more birds appear. But soon we come to wide lava fields,
on which only thorny cacti and acacias grow, which greet an incautious approach most
unkindly. Then followed a stretch of the thickest scrnb, through which we had to
cut our way with the hatchet. Now we came to a lava bed covered with loose slag,
which had to be traversed, and it took an hour and a half to do so, each step having
to be carefully weighed, for the slag is loose and shaky, and a fall among these
jagged masses is far from pleasant. Even where there is more vegetation it is most
unpleasant, for in addition to slipjiing on the loose slag, you are liable to catch your
feet in the thorny creepers. It was already 9 o'clock, and yet we had not espied any
tortoises. But now the grass gets thicker, and the ground better and pleasanter to
walk on. Suddenly we come upon a footpath alwut 12 inches wide, and Silva
halts with the words, ' A galdpago has passed here.' We look closely around, and
soon espy the first living Galapagos tortoise. The carapace measured about IG
inches in length. We tied it by the legs to a shady tree, and our journey proceeded,
now fortunately through nice underwood well turfed with grass and with but few
scattered blocks of lava. Up to 11 o'clock we had found eight specimens, the largest
measuring 26 inches in length of carapace. This was all very fine, but now came
the re\erse of the medal, how to get them down to the shore. Of course it was
out of the question to take more than two, one })er man. We each bound a tortoise
on to our backs with a rope, and the return began. At first all went well, but on the
slag field there was a hard struggle. If walking before was difficult, it was ten times
more .so with the creatiu'e on one's back, because every minute it jammed its thick
feet against one's back in its endeavours to escape. Several times I fell down bodily,
tortoise and all, among the slag ; but onwards we went over sticks and stones, though
but slowly. We had taken no provisions with us, neither to eat nor to drink. The lieat
got greater, and our thirst more acute. At last it was past 3.30 p.m. when Silva
said lie knew of a place near by where there was some water. The nearness of the
place seemed far (o me, hut at last we arrived, after much fighting of our way through

( «' )

scrub and sharp-edged slag, at a shady group of nianzauiUa trees. Silva huuted
about, and really at last found a small puddle, in whieli lay a lot of leaves and twigs.
That was his water ! We filled my panama hat, and the dirty water was drunk with
gusto in spite of its foul taste. Yes, even after thirst was quenched, we drank again,
for at all events it was cool and refi'eshing. Last year I drank in Kansas, and also
in Wyoming, some water which, under ordinary circumstances, nobody would have
touched, but that was the purest spring water compared to this. However, after our
drink we were refreshed, and about fi o'clock we reached our caniji. alter an
absence of twelve hours.

" On the following day I again went with Silva and the captain, whom I begged
to accompany us, to the place where we had tied up the rest of the tortoises. Two
further specimens were carried off. The captain and I carried the bigger one between
us on a })ole, and it was the cause of a regular tumliling and stumbling match amongst
the slag when we got back. The captain was half dead ; he had smashed ofJ' some
lava blocks with his knee, as he said, and when he seized liold of a tree to prevent
himself tumbling he found, to his pain and horror, that he had hold of a prickly
cactus stem. He swore that never in his life would he again go on such an e.xpedition.
He did indeed look badly smashed up ; of clothes he only had rags hanging about
him, and his boots were cut to pieces. This was on July 16th. On the following
day Adams, Silva, our two sailors, and the black set out to bring in the tortoises we
had tied up two days before; in the e\ening they returned, each with a tortoise on
his back. Thus we certainly had a considerable number of tortoises in camp, but
they were not the gidnt tortmses, which, according to Silva's accouut, existed in the
interior.

" On July 18th, therefore, five of us set out to go farther inland, and, if
possible, to get one of these giants. Our party consisted of Adams, Silva, a sailor,
our blacky, and myself. We proceeded by the old route, as before. We halted
under the manzanilla trees and took in water ; then we proceeded on our march through
the scrub, Silva cutting the track with his axe, while the rest followed in single file.
Thus we forced our way onwards, and had, up to half-past foiu, encountered perhaps
a dozen tortoises. Scattered about in the bushes there were the remains of many
large tortoises. 1 took away two perfect skulls and a humerus of 29 centimetres =
11 '5 inches. When darkness fell we halted, and one of the tortoises we had found
was eaten ; the liver roasted over the wood fire was delicious, but, alas ! our meal was
not moistened, for our small supply of water had to be reserved for the next day,
when we wanted to push farther into the interior in search of the giants. We dragged
together a quantity of grass, and lay down to sleep, but the mosquitos never left us
in peace. As soon as dav broke we started again. About 9 o'clock we passed out
of the region of Opuntias and Palo-Santos, and reached the middle zone, the more
wooded region. Here we noticed the same trees as on Chatham Island, but in addition
a large tree with ash-like foliage and small white flowers in bunches, called Savoncillo.
The ground is covered with high grass. On the trees, and in many places also on the
ground, was a large orchid, but, as on Chatham, flowerless. Giant creepers climbed
all over the trees, as well as a convolvulus with enormous white flowers. Uj) till
11 o'clock we had met again more than a dozen tortoises, but not one that reached
our ideal point of size. We encamped now, and killed a tortoise to eat. Unfortu-
nately our water was nearly used up. ^\'e only had enough for a cup of tea all
round. If we had known if we could find water we would have proceeded, but it
was priibablr I hat none existed in the inmiediatc' surrouuding.s. Notliing remained

( S8 ^

but to turn hack, and meanwhile it was nearly 1 oilock, and in the most wretched of
spirits we began the return journey. Two days of suffering through thirst, bad roads,
legs badlv lacerated, all for nothing. We wandered on thus under the burning sun,
no one uttering a sound, for about an liour, when suddenly Silva halted and shouted,
'Here is a large i/aldpago\' and really there was a huge one wandering along. It
must have weighed two hundredweight, and its carapace measured 39 inches in
length. We could not dream of bringing this giant alive into camp, and so it was
necessary to kill the beast. We suffered most awfully from thirst, and 1 at once
started to try the water in the sack above the heart, about which I had read so much.
It was most refreshing, and only tasted somewhat like white of egg ; we found over
five cups full, and each of us who wanted got his share. We ate the liver, which was
bigger than that of a calf, and all the remaining meat which was eatable was put into
a -sack and carried with us. The cutting up took over an hour. It was half-past
two, and if we walked smartly we could .still reach the group of manzanilla trees,
in order to camp there. Silva took the carapace on his back, and off we started.

" It was a long tramp, but about 6.30 p.m. we erected our camp under the trees,
it ha\ing already got dark. Karly ne.xt morning we stnxck camp, and arri\ed about
7 a.m. in the harbour.

"But Silva declared that farther west there were much bigger tortoises, so if
such exist we must get them.

"Already the following moniing, July 2()th, I set out with Silva and a sailor
towards the supposed locality. For four and a half hours we proceeded along the
beach to the westward, at first across wide sandbanks which afford an excellent place
for the study of the various birds' footprints, but farther on across steep rocks and
sharp lava. On the projecting water-surrounded and rugged banks of lava numerous
marine iguanas, often 4 feet long, were sunning themselves, but drew back into
the clefts at our approach.

" Suddenly the road ceased, for the mangroves grew right down to and into the
water; in consequence we had to cut our way through with ase and knife. About
midday we arrived at a straw-built hut, which had formerly been built l\v Cobos'
people when they caught tortoises to make oil. I strolled round the hut, and
discovered about two dozen shells of small tortoises. In some of these I still found
the skulls attached, and so I was able to make a good collection. At 2 o'clock we
left the hut, and, after a hard struggle against the thick scrub and broken lava,
encamped on top of the height. From time to time we came across large tortoise
shells, under which I generally found a family of small geckos and big black ants.
" On the following day, shortly before 6 o'clock, we again set out, and after a long
march, as usual cut step by step with the axe, we halted at 12 o'clock. On the way
I caught a lot of land-shells, which sat on the long grass. Vegetation hero was most
verdant and prolific. We saw on the way several tortoises, among them one measuring
quite 39 inches over the carapace, but we were after larger ones. Continually we
encountered wide ])aths through the grass evidently made by large animals, but none
were fresh-made. At last we came across a puddle, which was in a hollow in the
lava. After a good meal of tortoise soup and roast tortoise liver, we laid aside all
superfluous baggage, and set about the search in earnest. At the end of twenty
minutes we found an old female whose shell just spanned 39 inches, and I was about
cutting her up, when I heard the others, who had continued the hunt, calling. I
hurried up to them, and beheld a gigantic monster, such as I had never before seen.
The carapace measured in length 56 inches, 60 inches across, and alxiut 2.') inches

f HO )

liiirli. It was, of course, utterly impossible to carry ofi' tliis creature, which weighed
at least 400 lbs. [perhaps nearer 800 lbs. — \V. K.] alive; it was even a question if we
could take it when cleaned and prepared. The skull of this specimen measures in
length 7-12 inches, while the largest in the British ^Museum, collected by Captain
Cookson and said to have belonged to the largest remaining tortoise, is only 5-52
inches long. After a tiring joli of three hours, the preparation of this huge .specimen
was iinished, and, on darkness supervening, we returned to the puddle, where wo
pitched our camp.

"The following morning, while my fellows again started on a hunt, I tiiiislicd
the preparation of the first tortoise of the day liefore. The fellows came back
about 11 o'clock. They had found and tied up another tortoise, about 39 inches
long. We now had to think about starting on our return, for I had agreed with Adams
to meet him the next day at the old hut. We felled a slender tree, whose stem was
passed through the shell of the giant, and my two men proceeded to take this load on
their backs. Our progress was extremely slow, and every fifteen minutes we had to
halt and rest. The road also which we had cut was often too narrow, and had to be
widened. At 6 o'clock we stayed our march, as it had begun to rain. The next day
although it had rained all night, we set out afresh. I went ahead, iu order to meet
Adams at the prearranged time. At 12 o'clock I arrived at the old hut, wet to the
skin. At 1 o'clock my men put in an appearance, but without the big tortoise ; it
had been too heavy for them, and they had left it behind on the roadside. Shortly
after Adams, with the blacky, appeared, having come from the east. Tn the course
of the afternoon the men went up the hill again, and brought down the giant shell.
As the road along the beach to our headcpiarters was only available at low tide, I
remained with the rest for the night in the hut. On the morning of July 25th T set
out to our principal camp, while Adams and the three men again went up the hill to
fetch in the remainder of the tortoises. I arrived at 2 o'clock at our anchorage. On
the 27th I sent the two sailors to the hut with some fresh provisions, as I judged that
by now Adams and his men must have got back. On the 28th Adams came back
into camp with the two sailors. He had found two more larger-sized tortoises, and
all were now being brought down to the hut by the three men he had left behind.
Therefore, almost five hours' journey from our anchorage, there were lying five large
tortoises, which had to be brought in. Landing at that place was out of the question,
on account of the fierce surf and the rocks. Nothing remained, therefore, but to
bring them along the troublesome road by the beach. On the evening of ,hdy 2i)th
our men appeared with two of the tortoises, and on the 30th we sent all five men,
for this time even the cook had to assist, to bring the three remaining ones, which
were lying to the west of the hut, down to the ship. On the evening of ,luly 31st
they returned, after almost overpowering exertions. Full ten days had it cost us to
collect five of the large tortoises.

" At daybreak on Sunday, August 2n(l, we left Albemarle, where we had been
since July 12th. We passed the Grossman Islands, sailing on to Duncan Island,
which was uur next place of destination. While south of Duncan Island we got a
capital view of the large island of Albemarle. The whole island consists of five huge
volcanoes, and Xarborough is a similar sixth giant.

" We anchored at Duncan Island at 2 o'clock, and we stayed till the evening of
August 4tli. ^^■(' were fortunate enough to di.scover (m this island a new species of
tortoise, of which, after hard work, we got down eight specimens. The tortoises of
Duncan Island are totally diflerent in shape to those of South Albemarle, and are

( !»<' ;

similar in slia|.c lo lliosc of Aliiiigdou Island. Hesifles luiviiiy tlicir caraiiace shaped
"ke a Spanish saddle, the}- have a much longer neck than the Albemarle species."

lik(^

'Now as to the seven specimens in my collection :

Of the South Albemarle tortoi.se, there are, as before mentioned, three. One is
the large one described above ; it is 56 inches in length over the carai)ace, and 49i
inches in a straight line, and is the largest Giant Land Tortoise in any mu.seum'
being lialf an inch longer than the large Testiulo elephantina in the British .Museum'.
The second is about 39 or 40 inches long, and the third one is quite .small. All the.se
three animals belong to the .species Testudo dephantopus Harlan = T.vicvtm Giinth.,
and thus prove that Dr. Giinther was right when be said that the type of his
T. vidua, though unlabelled, most likely came from South Albemarle.

Of the four Duncan f.sland specimens f cannot say much. Two of them are
now iu the IJrilish .Aluseum, and two I have retained at Tring. I am not yet certain
whether they are a new species or not, but they are undergoing a thorough
comparison by Dr. Giinther, and I hope to publish the result in the next number
of this journal. They, however, certainly belong to the same section as T. ephippiwin
Giinth. and T. abinijdonii Giinth., which ainong the Aldabra tortoises is represented
by Teslado dandinii Dum. & Bib. and among the Mascarene tortoises by T. vosmoeri
Dum. >*c Bib.

I think it may also be of interest to give an account here of the recent capture
of some wild tortoises on Aldabra, for all tho.se received lately have been specimens
from the Seychelles, where they have been acclimatised. The Zoolor/iache Garten,
which appears at Frankfort, publishes the following about Dr. Voeltzkow's joiirnev :

" Dr. A. Voeltzkow, who went to Madagascar for embryological studies, and has
now, after almost seven years^ absence, returned to Europe, always kept before him
as a special task the ]irocuring of some of those Giant Tortoises which are now only
to be found in a wild state on the Aldabra Islands, about 250 miles north of
Madagascar. Through him the Senkenberg Natural History Society received, two
years ago, the two large specimens at present in the Frankfort Zoological Gardens.
On a recent stay of a month on Aldabra, Dr. Voeltzkow succeeded, after almost daily
excursions, in capturing seven more specimens. The capture of these creatures,
however, is associated with many dangers. As there is no direct communication
with Aldabra, a small schooner of fifty tons had to be hired, and during the stay had
to be strongly fastened to the beach with cables. Aldabra is much larger than
usually believed. It is an oval (doll, cut through in three places, whose greatest
length is about twenty miles (English).

"But what forms the chief hindrance in the search for these tortoises is the
impenetrability of the i.sland. The soil consists entirely of razor-sharp watervvorn
corals with their points uppermost, while the whole is covered with such thick masses
of low scrub that the way has first to be cut with an axe before each expedition, so
that an extended search over a large area is quite out of the question. To land on
the outside is most dangerous on account of the heavy surf, while landing from the
inside of the alull is much hindered by the dense thickets of mangrove-trees.

".\s drinking water (and dial very bad) is only found in one place, rain-water
has to be collected from the natural hollows and carried along in tanks. Thou.sands
of mosquitos prevent one remaining over-night in those places which the tortoises
rrc(|upnt. Then at last, when one lias discovered one of these creatures— wliich, in

( i'l )

consideration of the thick scinb and the oidy slight movements of these animals,
which pass the iieat of the day hidden away in the bushes, is always a stroke of luck—
the real hard work liegins, viz. the conveyance of tlie heast. Because they are very
obstinate and will not walk of their own accord, each has to be carried tied to a
ladder-like structure, and upside-down, often for hours, by four men o\er the sharp
corals and through the dense bush, and the bearers inevitalily reach the lagune with
their clothes torn to rags and their feet all bleeding. Of these seven tortoises six
reached Europe alive. The two smallest are in P'rankfort, and the four others are in
Hamburg." Tiie latter will shortly be deposited in the Zoological Gardens in London.

NEW LEPIDOPTEEA.
liv THE ilON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD.

1- Troides haliphron pistor Rothseh. subsp. nov.

S. Very similar to 7\ luliphroit pallens (Oberth.), but differs in the abdomen
being less edged with yellow beneath, and in the first discal yellow mark on the
hindwing being usually smaller.

?. Most specimens as pale as pcdhnts, some darker; dift'ers chiefly in the
abdomen being less edged with yellow underneath, in the discal area of the liiiul-
wing being below more yellow, often as yellow as above, in the yellow sjxit in cell
being less extended, reaching only as far as origin of subcostal nervule, in the first
discal yellow mark being larger, and in the whitish mark behind the cell being less
extended down towards base.

Hah. Kalao L and Djampea I., between Celebes and Flores; a considerable series
of both se.\es (A. Everett, December 18'.»5).

1 shall give in one of the future numbers of this juurual a mure detailed account
of the species of Pitjiilioniiinr obtained by Mr. A. Everett on his recent expeditions.

~. Papilio adamautius iusulicola Kothsch. snbsp. nov.

S . Dilfers from 1'. wlamantias Fuld. in the outer margin of the forcwiug being-
less concave, the wing shorter, the green scaling iu the apical region much more
restricted in the direction of the nervnles, remaining 3 mm. short of the origin
of the fourth subcostal vein, :ind in the blue basal area of both wings being more
extended.

The outer edge of the blue region on the forewing crosses the median nervure
close to the origin of the second median branch; at the submediau nervure the bine
area is extended close to the inner edge of the large cottony scent-organ.

On the hindwing the blue scaling reaches as far as the tip of the cell, oc(U]iying
also the base of the cellule between veins '.\ and 4 for a length of about (i mm.

There are three cottony stripes on the Ibrewing, situate upon the two lower
median branches and upon the submediau fold respectively; they are very large
and merged together to one [latch, which extends a little beyond the submediau
vein.

( 9a )

On tlic niulcrsido tlu' browiiisli lilack aiva is nioiv cxteiuied, cspciiallv lieymiil
tlio apex of the cell, than iu aJamantiua Feld.

Ilab. Saleyer, south of Celebes ; 1 <S (A. Everett, November IMio;.

This form is very interesting, as it comes in the extent of the bine area on the
wings nearer to the forms of P. peranthus F. than it does to adama/itiu.i; it is
most readily distinguished, however, from P. perantlius and P. jieranUius inU-r-
medius Snell. by the absence of submargiual markings from tin- upperside of the
hindwings.

3. Papilio antiphates kalaoensis Kothsch. subsp. nov.

S. The black l)ands ou upperside of lorewing narrow, more so than in P.
antiphates alribkx/es F.; the marginal baud 3i to 4 mm. wide at the fourth sub-
costal vein, reaching a little beyond lower median nervulo ; subapical black band
tenninating midway between lower and middle median veins, not joined behind to
the marginal band; the fourth cellular baud reduced to a spot 2 or 3 mm. in length,
the other cellular bauds stopping at median vein.

On the hindwings the first marginal black sjiot (before subcostal vein) is absent
or only represented by a few black scales : between veins 4 and 5 (before tail)
there are, besides the black marginal luunle, no black scales or only a few, and
there is in that cellule no submargiual black spot.

On the underside the first marginal black s]iot to tlie hindwings is present, but
is minute ; the anterior lunule of tlie discal macular baud, situate betwei'n costal
and subcostal uervnre, is thinner than in alcibiades F., and all the geminate black
spots of the submargiual row are minute.

Hah. Kalao I., between Celebes and Flores; 3 S (A. Everett ley., November
1895).

4. Papilio eurypilus insularius Rothsch. subsp. nov.

S ?. Comes nearest to P. eun/pilus mllastius Stand, from Sambawa : liowever
is generally larger. The two posterior sjiots of the diseal row are not separate from
one another, and are longer, the last spot having a length of 6 to 8 mm., while the
spot before it is usually 1 mm. shorter ; the submargiual spots are somewhat smaller
than iu sallastius. The median band of the hindwings is considerably broader thau
iu sallnstius, being from 6 to it mm. wide within cell. Below, there is, as in
saUaHlius, a white sjiot within apex of cell of hindwing, situate at the second and
third discocellnlar veinlets, not separate from these veins, as in eurypiliis axion Feld.
and other subspecies of c?/;yy>/7«.s. This cellular spot includes sometimes some red
scales, but in most specimens it is all white. The submargiual s])ots of the hind-
wings scarcely smaller than iu sallaMiu^, and tlie two elongate marks near the
sccoud snbmarginal spot are as iu that form.

Hab. Kalao I., between Celebes and Flores ; a series of both-sexes (A. Everett
leg., November 1895).

o. Morphotenaris nivescens s]). nov.

This, the second species of the genus Morphotenaris Frnhst., is easily distin-
guished from .1/. sehiinbergi Frnhst. by the entire absence of the broad brown band
on the forewing, and the much narrower brownish black border to the hindwing;
in fact this border is so narrow that it is almost restricted to the frinu'e.

( 9S )

II, ih. EaCa District, SntlO toet, Britisli New (Jiiiiioa ; 'l ?? (Autliiniy,
Octiiber l.sOo).

Ill the twi> specimens before luc the oeelli on tlie liinilwiiig are four in
number, small and partly obliterated, but, as in all the species of Tenaris and the
allied genera the ocelli vary to an almost indefinite extent in both size and number
individually, this cannot be taken as a specific character. I think that it is quite
possible that, wlien tlie fauna of the high mountains of Ncvir Guinea has in future
become better known, we shall find connecting links between M. schonhergi and
.1/. nivescens, but at present I know of no snch links, and I therefore am bound to
treat M. nh-i'smis as a distinct species. The two females I have are quite as large
as the largest /6/«cffe of J/, schdnheri/i I have seen.

<i. Canerkes natunensis Rothsch. sp. nov.

?. Differs from C. euschemoide.^ Moore and ^'ae-aw/c-^s Rothsch., Nov. Zooi.. III.
p. 56 (1896), in the ground-colour of the forewing above being clove-browu, with a
faint bluish green tint in side light and without metallic gloss, in the base of the
wing having two separate yellow spots, in the dark violet area of the hindwings
being more extended, and in the crown of the head being metallic green-blue
without yellow colour.

The spots on the forewing are smaller than in jamiikm Rothsch. ; the median
band does, as in that insect, reach from costal margin to vein P, is well separated
from the basal yellow spots, and is incised at the veins. The white sjiot between
veins 2 and 3 is wanting, while it is present in the two allied species.

On the hindwing the violet area reaches 3 mm. down the apex of cell ; the
yellow spot at anterior angle of cell stands 2 mm. away from the yellow basal area ;
the yellow streak before vein 1'' is separated into a discal streak and a marginal spot ;
there is no yellow marginal spot before vein 3, and the spot before and that
behind vein 2 are small.

The colour of the underside agrees with that of euscheinoides, but the costal
region of hindwings near ajiex of cell is bright metallic blue. There is no black
basal patch in cell.

Hab. Bungurau, Natuna Islands ; 1 ? (Hose ley., July to UctoVier l?5i)4).

7. Spilobotys leonina lifuensis Rothsch. subs]), nov.

Aii,ipfxuh.yi. mv.> Rothsuhifd, Nov, Z.h.i.. III. p, fiU (IH'.lG) (Lifu I.),

Of this insect I recently received another specimen, which agrees witli that
mentioned under Aqape on p, 60 of this volume, and now no longer hesitate to
describe it as a subsjiecies of leonina (Butl,),

As said on p. (iO, this form differs from leoniwi esjjecially in its smaller size, the
total absence of thoracic sjtots, and in the two last abdominal segments * having a
bluish black patch on the upperside ; the patch on the preanal segment is twice as
large as that on the anal one.

Ihilj. Lifu L, Loyalty Is, ; 2 iS.

The specimen of SpilohDtijx from the Solomon Islands (Alu) referred to on p. 60
belongs to Spilobof;/!i nirtioiilea Butler, Ann Muf/. N. lL{n). XX. ]i. 123 (issT)

* Sevcntli ami eighth segiuents, uot uiglith aiul nimli. us is said on p, Go.

( 94 )

(Gnadalcauar). S/jilobott/s Bntl., /.'■., has the jn-iority over Agape Siiell. ; Aijape
Fl'IcI. is a nomeu nudum, ami can cousennently not be employed.

Snellen, Tijdschr. >:. Ent. XXXI. p. 117 (ISbS), records Spiloboti/.i Moiopyga
(Wlk.) from Sumatra. I now have a ? from Nias and another from Mont Mnlu,
Nortli Borneo (Hose /f//., August anil ScptcmlxT 1^04), wliieli do not seem to me
to differ from typical cldorojjyya.

8. Phalaenoides vitticoUis Uothsdi. sji. nov.

cJ. Upperside : both wings black. Forewing with some metallic blue scales in
basal half before costal nervure, a lunate mark beyond middle of cell and some short
indistinct rays npon veins 4 to 7 also metallic bine ; a creamy white band
e.xtends from tlie costal to the submedian vein, sit nate just outside the ajx'x of cell;
this baud is broadest at vein 2, having here a breadth (measured along that vein)
of 6 mm., while at the subcostal vein it measures a little more than 3 mm. : ujion
the subcostal vein between base and band stands a small creamy white spot, and
close to the band there are upon that vein some creamy white scales.

Hindwings with fringe and small marginal spots white; spot lieliind vein 2
largest, ill defined ; no marginal spots between costa and vein G.

Underside as above, more brownish black; band to forewing somewhat wider;
small subcostal whitish s])ot absent, and marginal spots to hindwiug larger.

Antennae longer and stronger than in P. ffhjcinae, almost as thick as in
Affarista, but much less clubbed. First joint of jialpi and ventral middle line of
second white ; third joint about twice as long as broad.

Head creamy white, middle of front and occiput behind eyes black. Thorax
above with three creamy white stripes ; below, with coxae anil femora, orange.
Abdomen black ; anal segment large (as in Imnwtalia Jord.) and orange. Tibiae
without tufts of hairs.

Expanse: forewing AM 27 mm. ; EM 1(> mm. ; PM 13 mm.
„ hindwiug „ 15 „ ; „ 13 „ ; „ Hi „

JIah. Fergusson 1., D'Eutrecasteaux Is. ; 1 cJ (A. S. Meek Icij., October
1895).

Vein 2 of the forewing stands closer to vein 3 than in I'liulaenoides
(flycinae Lew. ; the antennae are thicker, the third joint of the palpi is shorter, and
the tibiae are without tufts of hairs. In patt(0-n citticoUis resembles somewhat
gli/cinae, but is different in the colour of the palpi, thorax (above and below), coxae,
and femora ; the band on the forewings is broader and shorter, and the white colour
at the margin of the iiindwing is ranch less extended and does nut include black
spots.

'•'. Phalaenoides maculosus li'dthscli. sp. nov.

6. U jijirrxide: both wings olive mumniy-brown. Forewing with a creamy
bulf band outside cell, extending from costal margm, which it nearly reaches, to
beyond vein 2, broadest behind (31 mm.), its outer edge indented between veins 5
and (i and jiosteriorly rounded, its inner edge with sinus at the bases of veins 3
and 4. Outside the band there is a row of minute creamy white spots. A spot
within apex of wing (diameter a little more than 1 mm.), fringe at apex, a spot
in inner angle, a few scales before it near extremities of veins 2 and 3, a

{ !).-) )

rouiiilril s|)i)t ;it tliu luidiUr nf inner iiuii'j;-iii ( 1 J. mm. wide), ;i minute s]i()I hetbre ;m(l
a somewhat larger one (1 mm. wide) beyond middle i>l' inner margin also creamy
white. No blue scales present.

Hindwdng with a buff patch in basal half, neither reaching base uor co.stal and
abdominal margins, about .") mm. wide, rounded outside: a small subluniform spot
(li mm. at its widest part) within anal angle, and fringe at extremities of nervules,
especially in front, buff -colour.

Vnilerside as above, all the spots buff'-coluai'. Cell of forewing with a rounded
s])ot in the middle and a transverse line near apex ; spots in and near middle of
inner margin merged together to one longitudinal mark. Apex of hindwing with a
marginal spot, diameter aliout 1 mm.

Antennae as thin as in P. goldiei Druce. Palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen
buff- yellow. Base of second and the whole third joint of the palpi, the frontal pro-
cessus of the head and a transverse spot at the insertion of the antennae, thorax
above (except edge of collar, tips of tegnlae, and a lateral spot upon metathorax),
apical half of the dorsal and basal half of the ventral portions of the abdominal
segments (except last segment, which is all buff-yellow), a large spot upon the fore-
breast, all the femora, tibiae (except a spot upon the foretibiae), aud tarsi black.

Third joint of palpi scarcely half as long again as broad; tibiae without tufts of
hairs; frontal processus of head rather convex, circular ridge one-fifth the diameter
of the front of the head. Second partition of the median nervnre on the fore-
and hindwings slightly shorter than the respective portion of the outer margin.
U])per discocellular veinlet to hindwings shorter than the lower one.

Expanse: forewing AM 19 ram. ; EM 11 mm. : PM 14 mm.
„ hindwing „ U „ ; „ 11 „ ; „ „

Hah. Cedar Bay, soatli of C^ooktown, North Queenslaml; 1 S (A. S. Meek /<//.).

10. Aegocera triplagiata Hothsdi. sp. nov.

c?. Uppersiile : forewing black, with three maize-yellow markings — namely, a
spot in basal fourth 4 mm. long and :i mm. broad, neither reaching costal margin
nor submedian vein, broadest at median vein ; a second spot within apex of cell,
1 mm. short of the discocellulars, faintly reniform; and a band situate 1 mm. outside
apex of cell, and running from the costa towards inner angle, ending a little beyond
vein 2, rounded behind, slightly tapering towards costa, 3i mm. liroad at vein ;i.
Besides these markings there are three wliite luinnte spots near the base, one
before costal nervnre, the two others at the sulimedian vein. Three short metallic
blue lines, one in middle of cell, the second upon the discocellulars, and the third,
outside the maize-yellow band ; some blue scales behind costal margin and between
median and snbmedian veins. Fringe phuubaginous at the extremities of the
veins.

Hindwing orpiment orange ; outer margin black : this border is Ci mm.
broad at vein 7 and becomes slightly narrower behind, having at anal angle a
breadth of 4 mm. ; at costal margin it is extended down to the base, but this costal
l)order is only A mm. broail. A minule black sjiot upon the discocellulars. Fringe
irregularly white at the nervules.

Underside: forewing with the three marlxings deeper yellow; I he snbbasal
patch enlarged, nearly occupying the basal fifth of the wing, and the subai)ical band
broader at vein 1^.

( i»fi )

llimhviiig with the coslal black border broader thau above, haviiijr a breadth
of about 1 mm.

Auteunae clubbed, as in Aegocera fercida Wlk.; tiji i)ale ochraceous, njiperside
scaled white. Palpi black; first and second joint (except back and sides of the
latter) and ventral portion of the base of the third joint tawn}- ochraceous ; second
joint with long hairs, as in A./rrvida Wlk. Head black, with two white frontal
lines. Thorax black, with four white spots on the collar, one on each tegula, and two
in the middle line of the mesotborax ; l)elow, the thorax has a tawnv orange mark
near the base of the forewiugs. Abdomen black, sides of base tawny ochraceous.
Legs black; anterior coxae and two spots on the middle tiliiae tawnv ochraceous.

Expanse : forewing AM 24 mm. ; EM 13 mm. ; I'M Ki mm.

hind wing „ 16 „ ; „ 11 ,, ; „ 1:5 ,.

1/a/j. Mpeta, Loangwa i{., northern affluent of the Zambesi H.; 16 (C. T.
Coryndon fey., November and December 1895).

In pattern unlike every species hitherto described from Africa.

11. Aegocera coryndoni Uothsch. s]). nov.

?. UppCJ-tside: forewing maroon, but this colour much covered by grey (base
and outer margin) and maize-yellow (disc) scales ; with two white patches, one of
.j — mm. length in the middle of the wing between subcostal and submedian veiu,
not reaching this vein, nearly parallel and of about 2 mm. breadth in one specimen
((>/pc), widened behind in the other : the secoml patch stands about li mm. beyond
the apex of the cell, is 4 mm. broad and .5 mm. long, and e.\j)auds between veins 3
and 10. Each patch is encircled by an olive band on a maroon ground, the edges of
which are here aud there marked by silvery scales, which form a conspicuous
silvery Hue in the basal third of the wing ; a spot in the middle of the cell, another
between median white patch and costa, a third between this patch and vein 1, aud
an arch on the discocellulars also composed of silvery scales. Fringe grey.

Hindwiug orange-ochraceous ; outer border black, narrowing behind, ."i mm.
vdde at vein 7 and H mm. at vein 2, running down at costal margin half-way to
base. Fringe white, much shaded with black.

Underside: forewing lilack ; basal sixth yellow ; basal half of inner margin
white: white jjatches as aboxe, median one merged together with the white area of
inner margin ; fringe white : outer margin somewhat grey.

Hindwing as above, but l)lack liorder extending farther down the costal
margin ; fringe more white.

Antennae scaled white above, scarcely thickened towards apex ( $ ). I'aljii,
head, and collar wax-yellow; first aud second joint of jialpi with a black spot, third
joint black with a few wax-yellow scales ; head with four black spots, one in the
middle of the front, the second between the antennae, aud the two others on the
occi]iut behind the eyes ; collar with seven black spots. Mesotborax grey; tegulae
with long whitish and maroon hairs, and a black baso-lateral spot. Metatliorax
orange-yellow, like the abdomen. The latter with the extreme ti]), {)art of the
underside, especially the underside of the ]>osterior segments, tii)s of the dorsal tufts
of hairs, and faint basal spots in the median line above, black. Underside of thorax
orange-yellow ; anterior coxae grev behind. Legs orauge-vellow, more or less

( 97 )

variegated with black; anterii)i' tiliiae with two lilack spots; all the tarsi mure
black than yellow.

Expanse : forewiug AM :^4 mm. ; EM S; PM IT mm.
„ hindwing „ 16 „ ; „ 1,5; „ 13 „

]I((li. ]\I])eta, Loangwa R., nortliern affluent of the Zambe.si ; 2 ?? (C T.
Coryndon leg., November and December 1895).

Is closely allied to .1. obr>js:ns Mab. from Madagascar, lint at once distin-
guishable by the mnch more extended orange hindwings.

The male of A. obr)jzog Mab. has jn'olouged foretarsi ; the second ami third
joint are much longer than in other Agaristidae.

12. Metagarista (?) rendalli Rothsch. sp. nov.

S. U-ppermle. : forewiiig black, with some metallic blue scales near the base, a
small spot of the same colour beyond middle of cell, a second upon the discocellu-
lars, a third in hinder angle, and a fourtli near tlie apex of the wing. Two large
buff patches : one in liasal half, trajieziforni, obliijue, 2i mm. from base, expanded
between costal and snbmedian ncrvure, 3| mm. broad at subcostal and 5J mm. at
submedian vein, outer edge straiglit ; the second j)atch stands \h mm. outside ajiex
of cell, and expands between veins 2 and 111; it is 4i mm. wide at vein 4, and
narrows in front and behind; its inner edge almost straight, its outer edge convex.
Besides, a minute buff spot in apex of cell close behind subcostal vein. Fringe
black.

Hindwings orange ; outer border black, of nearly even width (3 to 4 mm.),
anteriorly extended down half-way to base, inner edge slightly convex at vein 2.
Fringe black. Some black scales upon the discocellulars and at extreme base.

Underside : as above, withont blue scales ; basal patch of forewing extended
down to base and inner margin, occupying liasal fourth of wing, and, like the snb-
a{)ical patch, orange-buff instead of butf. Black border to hindwing not convex at
vein 2.

Antennae, palpi, head, thorax, legs, last segments of abdomen and underside of
abdomen excejit three median spots, black. A patch on each side of collar, and rest
of abdomen (basal segment partly black above, all black below) orange-bulf.

Expanse : forewing AM 20 mm. ; EM 12 mm. ; PM 13 mm.
„ hindwing ,, 13 „ ; „ 11 „ : „ lu „

Hah. Zomba, British Central Africa, south of Lake Nyassa; 1 S (Dr. Percy
Rendall ley., December 1S9.5, wet season).

This species, which I name in honour of the collector, does not fit well in any
of the genera of Agaristidae. The hairy third palpal joint it has in common with
some other African Agaristids, namely Ilespagarista AVlk., Pais HI)., and yfeia-
gttrista Wlk. ; but differs from these genera in the convex front of tiie head bearing
a circular ridge of which the diameter is only about one-tenth tlie breadth of t lie front
of the head, and is, moreover, distinguished from Hespagarista by the third joint
of the palpi being three times as long as broad, and by the absence of the tail of
long hairs from the tip of the abdomen in the (^ ; from Pal.i by vein 2 of the hind-
wings originating nearer to three ; from .Metagarist'i by the narrower forewings and
the longer third palpal joint.

( 98 )

As 1 have only one sex before me, and of this only one specimen, I prefer to
pnt the species provisionally into Milagaiista instead of erecting a new genus for it.
The front of the liead is faintly narrowed behind.

l;!. Pycnodontis ovata i{othsch. sp. nov.

<?. Resembles P. Hpadiwi Feld., bnt the band on the forewing is rednced to an
ellipsoid spot of 4 mm. length; the greater jiortion of the costal margin, median and
snbmediau fold of the hindwing below, and tiic fringe to the liindwing, are
white.

Head and thorax s]]riidded with creamy white scales ; coxae with lou"- creamv
white hairs; tarsal joints with white scales at ai)ex. Tip of the abdomen orano-c.

Hah. Bahia, Brazil; \ $.

There are two females in the Tring Mnsenm, one from Petropolis, near Rio de
Janeiro, the other withont exact locality, which belong most probably to this species.
They difler from the above-described S in the hindwing having a creamy white
patch on the disc between veins 4 and 6 which is rounded exteriorly and tapers
off towards base, and in the hairs on the coxae being black intermingled with white
scales.

14. Pycnodontis pulverosa Kuth.sch. sp. nov. (Feldcr in coll.).

?. There are two /(!««/m under this uiinic^ in the Felder collection which are
to my knowledge still nndcscribed. They resemble P. leuconoc Feld. very much,
bnt are distinguished by the absence of the indistinct white patch from the cell of
the forewing above, by the discal band not being split up into spots by the
uervules, by the costal margin of the hindwiugs having on either side a black Imrder
of U to 2 mm. width, and by the abdomen being devoid of the ventral and lateral
longitudinal white bands, and having the penultimate segment above orange, like
the anal segment.

Hah. Venezuela; 2 ? ? in coll. Felder.

l-"i. Milionia everetti Rothsch. sp. nov.

$. Uppersldc : black, deep blue in side light. Forewing crossed by a slightly
arched metallic blue band, varying to pale bluish green in different lights. This
band is 4 mm. wide at the subcosta and tapers off behind, having at the inner
margin, where it ends '> mm. short of tip of vein 1", a breadth of scarcely 2 mm. ;
the discocellulars are situate inside the band very near its outer edge. In tiie
anterior portion of the band there is a jiiukish buff line of 5 mm. length, extending
from vein 2 to near middle of apex of cell, crossing vein .3 close to its origin. Base
of wins- metallic blue at median and submedian nervurcs.

Hindwing across the disc with a baml which is of the same colour as that on
the forewing, and reaches from the costal nervurc to the abdominal margin, where
it ends 3 mm. short of tip of snbmediau vein ; the hanil is almost straight, has a
breadth of 2 mm. in the midille, and is somewhat narrower at either end ; disco-
cellulars in middle of band.

Um/ersUlc: as above, base of both wings metallic blue at the veins. Band on
forewing broader than above, widest between veins 2 and 3, ending before reaching
submedian vein, liinid of hindwini;- sepnriiled into two s]iots, one at aulrrior. one

( 9!) )

(larger) at posterior angle oi' cell ; lilue scales along subcostal and median nervures
and base of vein 2 ; the two spots connected by a few blue scales along discocelkilar
veiulets. Body metallic blue, metallic especially on collar and at edges of ab-
dominal segments.

Neuration the same as in Milionia nrwakensis (Qnoy & Gaim.).

Expanse : forewing AM 211 mm. ; EM is mm. ; PM 20 mm.
„ hiudwing „ 21 „ ; „ Ui „ ; „ 16 „

Hah. Bonthain Peak, S. Celebes, oOmi -(50ili) feet ; 1 ? (A. Everett, Octolier
189o).

Ditfers from all species of }f/l/oniir in tlie liand across the wings Vieing metallic
blue.

NEW GEOMETBIDAE IN THE TRING MUSEUM.
By W. warren, M.A., F.K.S.

SuiiFAMiLY OENOCHKOMIXAE.

Physetostege gen. nov.

Foreininijs : with costa hardly curved, except at the base and before apex; apex
rounded ; hiudmargin obliquely curved.

Hindwinr/s: broad, with hindmargin bluntly elbowed in middle ; the inner margin
rather dilated.

F'orewings of S witli an exaggerated fovea, which is covered on the uppersidc liv a
raised wave of curved hairlike scales, extending from the median to the sulimediau vein.

Antennae of cj with very tine oblique pubescent pectinations, which decrease
gradually to the apex; tongue present; pal[)i porrect, rostrate, the terminal joint
drooping; legs slender; hind tibiae with two pairs of unequal spurs.

Neit/ration: as in Alex Wlk., but the median vein of forewings is curved ui)wards
near the base.

Type : Physetostege miranda sp. nov.

1. Physetostege miranda s]i. nov.

Forewinr/s: dull cinereous with a reddish linge, covered with numerous small
irregular fuscous strigae ; the basal two-thirds deeper in tint than the margiuiil area ;
the two lines darker, the first very indistinct, bluntly angled on the subcostal and
median veins; exterior line consisting of three curves, concave outwards — from tlie
costa to lielow the fifth subcostal nervule, thence to- above the third median, and
thence to the inner margin at two-thirds; di.scal mark linear, vertical; costa more
reddish.

[{indwings: the same, but the second line is irregularly dentate and curved.

Underside paler and redder, with less fuscous dusting.

Head anil thorax dark cinereous; face and palpi black-brown; abdomen and
legs paler, tlie latter with darker patches at the joints.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One d from Jlumbuldl ISav, .New (iuinra.

( 100 )

Subfamily ORTIK )ST1X1NAK,
Sebastosema g>-n, nov.

Fweufinqa: narrow at base, wick-uiug outwards; costa straight, slightly iiicknited
at three-fourths, then shortly convex; a|)ex rounded; hindmargin bluntly ellwwed
opposite the cell, then oblicjue to anal angle, which is nearly rectangular.

Iliiubvings : with both angles rounded; hindmargin curved, faintly indented
opposite the cell.

Thorax and abdomen stout. Antennae of tS short, curled round, strongly pecti-
nated to the ai)ex, the pectinations ciliated. Forehead very flat ; palpi short, hairy,
decumbent; tongue not visible. Pectus and femora hairy; hind tibiae with a pair
of short terminal spines. All the tarsi hooked at extremity.

Neiirntion: forewings, cell rather more than half as long as wing; diseoeellular
slightly angled; first median at three-fourths, second before angle of cell, third
from the angle; radials normal; last three subcostals stalked from end of cell; second
a little before ; first from close to base, running close to and parallel with the subcostal
as far as the origin of the second, where it appears to vanish ; point of origin of the
second thickened. Hindwings, costal united to subcostal by a bar near base; first
subcostal before upper angle of cell ; second median Iiefore the lower angle.

Type: Sebastosema buhonuria s\>. nov.

Akin to Epirrhanthis Hiib.

2. Sebastosema bubonaria sp. nov.

Foreifings: lilac-grey, dusted with fuscous atoms and suffused in parts with tawny ;
a curved dark-liruwn basal line at one-fifth, the area included slightly snfl"ns(>d witli
tawny ; second line at three-fourths, dark brown, sinuous, nearly jiaratlel to hind-
margin ; marginal area beyond, tawny, except a minute pale grey spot on costa
beyond second line, a larger triangular apical spot edged outwardly with brown, and
a paler space above the anal angle: discal blotch large, round, tawny; aliove it
towards the base is a dark obli(|ue costal streak.

Hindivinfis: dull orange dusted witii coarse blackish atoms, with two fine
blackish lines, the inner thickening towards costa, the outer towards inner margin;
hindmargin diffusely brownish, with a multitude of short fuscous and dark striae.

Thorax, face, and antennae grey, mixed with darker ; abdomen tawny. Under-
side pale straw-colour and yellow, with the lines ferruginous, and snffnseil in parts
with tawny, the markings of the upperside being more or less rei)rescnled.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

One S from Japan.

Schistophyle gen. nov.

Foreiinnr/s : with costa -inuous, convex in basal half, inllexeil beyond: apex
produced, acutr. falcate ; hindmargin concavi' below apex, then vertical, and abruptly
rounded above anal angle, before which it is also slightly indented : inner margin
slightlv sinuous, convex near base, inflexed beyond middle.

Hindwiiu/s : triangular; both angles distinct, the anal angle rectangular, t he
apical rounded ; hindmargin nearly straight.

Palpi ui)curved, squamose, the joints indi-tiiict ; tongue present : .•inliMiniii' of
? filiform.

( ll'l )

Neuratimi : forewiugs, cell fully half as long as wing; the discocellular rather
olilicjue ; first median at five-sixths, second well before end of cell, third from the
end; radials normal; last four subcostals stalked together. Hiudwings with costal
free, united to subcostal by a bar at one-half the cell ; first subcostal from before end
of cell ; medi<ans as in forewings.

Type: Schistophylefalelfera sp. nov.

•". Schistophyle falcifera sp. nov.

Forewings: ochreous, tliickly freckled with orange; the costa from before the
middle to apex broadly brown, tinged slightly with brown towards the base; first
line near base, brown, acutely angled outwards in the cell, with a darker spot at the
angle in the cell, and another on the submedian fold ; a brown oblicpie discal mark;
a broad red-brown oblique median line from middle of inner margin towards apex,
becoming obsolete in the costal shade ; a sinuous outwardl}' dentate submarginal line ;
a brown spot at anal angle ; fi'inge red-brown, with red-brown hindmarginal line.

Hindwings : like forewings ; a broad red-brown antemedian line, followed by a
brown cell-spot ; submarginal line and fringe as on forewings ; a lirown spot at apex.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. Underside like upi>er.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? from the Khasias.

4. Rambara costata sp. nov.

Foreivings : pearly white, dusted with grey scales ; the costa irregularly ochreous
grey ; first line grey, very indistinct ; cell-sjiot round, black ; second line curved and
sinuous, grey ; hindmargin thickly dusted with grey scales ; fringe white, with black
dots at the end of the veins.

Hindwings: the same, but the discal mark grey and linear. Underside pure
white, with the fringe-dots small.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

Many examples from the Khasias. .'Vjipears to be quite distinct from anv
described species.

Si'BF.\MiLV PSKUlx )TERPNINAE.

5. Hypochroma subrubescens sp. no\.

?. Foreivings: white, almost wholly suffused with pale gre\'ish green, and
dusted with darker green and blackish atoms ; the lines black, denticulate, neatly
edged externally with the white ground-colour ; costa white, dotted with black ; an
indistinct dark line close to base; first line at one-third, distinct, black, forming two
sharp angles outwardly in the cell and on the submedian fold, and one inwardly on
the median nervure; discal ocellus oblique, white, edged with black and connected
above with a small black subcostal spot ; second line from two-thirds of costa to
middle of inner margin, outwardly curved in disc, forming two more ])rominent angles
outwardly on uj)per radial and third median nervure; subterminal line curved, con-
sisting of lilack wedge-shaped marks ; fringe concolorous, preceded by a black marginal
festoon; the marginal area is dusted with blackish scales betweeii (he lines, and the
whole wing shows an undertone of pink.

8

C 102 )

Ilindwhtijn : like forewings. Init llu- |)iiil< liiige is more cuuspicuous, ami the
bttsdl area is quite densely dusted with blat-kisii scales.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous ; head wanting. Underside pale straw-colour,
tinged with yellowish towards the base, with the lines and costal markings black ;
the inner line angulated as above, the e.Kterior simply curved, and the subterniinal
represented by a thick diffuse blackish fascia ; discal ocellus large, black ; on the
hindwings the discal ocellus is represented by a .small dark .spot; in both wings the
marginal area broadly vinous red, which coloui' e.\tends in the forewings also along
the lower part of the disc to the base.

Expanse of wings : o(l mm.

One ? from Queensland.

SiBFAMiLY tiEO.METKlXAE.

(>. Agathia subdeleta sp. nov.

Fweiuings : bright apple-green ; a small round-edged black-brown basal spot ;
costa fuscous or greyish ; first line at one-third, irregularly zigzag, passing over the
dark discal spot ; outer line at five-sixths, consisting of contiguous denticulated
lunules, indented opposite the cell, then running parallel and nearer to the hind-
margin, with some darkening by numerous fuscous transverse streaks above the anal
angle ; a small black-brown apical spot and black fringe-line, swollen into a small
spot at end of third median nervnle ; fringe whitish, chequered with fuscous at end of
each vein, esjiecially at the apical spot and that at end of third median.

Hindrvinf/s : the same, but without the first line ; the second strongly marked ;
inner margin narrowly grey, more broadly grey at anal angle ; fringe-line swollen
before the short tail at end of third median.

Thorax green, marked with brown ; abdomen wanting ; antennae, face, and
outside of palpi reddish ; inside of palpi ochreous. Underside paler, silvery green,
exterior line alone marked by broad contiguous blotches ; apical spot of forewings
brown.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One specimen, not in very good condition, from Sikkim.

Camptolophia gen. nov.

Foreivingfi : with costa slightly curved ; ajiex rectangular; liindmargin elbowed
at vein 4, and with a slight tooth at vein (i ; oblique and straight from elbow to anal
angle.

II indwi'iujs : with crenulate hindmargin and a sharp tooth at end of veins 4
and C; the anal angle bluntly rectangular; abdomen with three stiff tufts of hair,
erect at first, then bent backwards; palpi short, hardly reaching beyond front;
antennae of d thick, strongly serrate ; hind tiliiae with two pairs of short spurs.

Nev.ratio'ii : as in Ar/athia.

Type : CamjAolophia WMrmorata sp. nov.

7. Camptolophia marmorata >p. nov.

Forevnaf/s: pale sea-green; a minute black dot at base; first line pale, close to
base, curved and outwardly dentate on the sulicostal, median, and submedian veins

( in:; )

and on the two folds; second line white, slender, oliliiiue, and irregularly wavy, from
three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, the green ground-colour being
slightly deeper before it ; marginal area oclireous white, with two cloudy greenish
patches; some contiguous green blotches toueliing outer line below costa and above
inner margin ; four greenish spots along hiiidmargin from apex to elljow, and a green
line from elbow to anal angle ; the space above anal angle and towards apex is also
marked with a few very slender vertical dark green streaks ; on inner margin touching
outer line is a small yellowish ochreous spot, followed by some deep red scales ;
fringe white, with tlie ajiices dark grey from apex to elbow; a small black cell-spot.

Hiiuhrini/s : with basal lialf green, edged by a curved whitish line, before which
the green is deeper; marginal area varied with yellowish ochreous, grey, green, and
red scales ; the white line is followed by a corona of acute teeth, of which the upper
thi'ee near costa are grey, tinged with red, and the lower three dark green, the central
one being much prolonged and reaching nearly to the margin ; a dark purplish grey
cloud runs from costa to anal angle, and the whole area is covered with fine dark
green streaks which become confluent and form blotches along the margin below the
apex ; the marginal space in the middle is bright pale ochreous ; towards the anal
angle are several small patches of red scales, and the pale ochreous ground runs up
along the inner margin mixed with red scales; a white curved line on discocellular,
and two small white dashes on the inner-marginal edge of the green basal area ;
fringe ochreous at base and apex, with a broad grey-green central line.

Abdomen and crests ochreous; face and pialpi orange-red; vertex pale green;
collar green, with its front pure white; patagia green; thorax blackish, with the
front reddish. Underside of wings white; forewings with two large black blotches
correspondirjg to the two dull clouds in the marginal area above; hindwings with
a broad submarginal black band Pectus orange-red ; abdomen beneath blackish.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

1 c? from the Kliasias. A very beautiful insect.

Chlorochromodes gen. nov.

Fweivinijs : with costa faintly curwd, rather more strongly towards apex, whicli
is blunt ; hindmargiu nearly straight, oblique ; anal angle distinct.

Hinchuinf/s: triangular; hindmargin slightly curved ; both angles well defined,
but blunt.

Palpi porrect, long; second joint hairy beneath; terminal joint naked. .Vntennae
pectinated in J, minutely serrate in ?. Frenulum absent ; costa of forewings hairy
near base.

Neuratioa : forewings, cell barely half as long as wing; discocellular very
oblique ; first median at two-thirds, second before the end of cell, third from end ;
lower radial from above centre of discocellular; upper radial stalked with the fixe
subcostals. Hindwings, medians as in forewings ; the two subcostals on a long stalk.

Type : Chlorochromodes tenera sp. nov.

8. Chlorochromodes tenera sp. nov.

Forewings : pale green; costa white; fringe white, with a rust -red line at base;
discal spot red-brown ; usually without any lines or markings ; sometimes there is
just visible an oblique white inner line, and a sinuous exterior line denoted onl}' by
white dots on the veins.

Hiudwiufjs: the same.

( l'>i )

Abdomeu whitish, or very pale green with rust-red dorsal spots; \crtex and
thorax green; collar and front of thorax whitish; face gi-eeu ; palpi whitish, dusted
externally with reddish fuscous, aud with the terminal joint either with a broad dark
ring at base or wholly reddish fuscous. Antennae white. Underside pale, glossy ;
the base of the costa with reddish fuscous hairs. The scaling is very fine, and tlu-
wings semi-transparent.

E.xpause of wings : (J, 26 mm. ; ? , 34 mm.

Several examples of both sexes from the Khasia Hills.

Chloromianta gen. nov.

Forewlnga: with costa straight till shortly liefore apex ; apex rectangular ; hiiid-
margin with very slight bend in middle, more oblique below the bend.

Hindtvings: with slight prominence at end of second .subcostal and third
median, incurved between the veins ; anal angle squared.

Abdomen with flat crests; antennae of J pectinated to beyond middle; palpi
porrect beyond face ; tongue present ; hind tibiae thickened, with terminal pair of
spurs.

Neuration: forewings, cell not half the length of wing; discocellular angulated ;
first median at two-thirds, second and third from the lower angle of cell ; lower
radial from above centre of discocellular; upper radial from the common stalk of
the last four subcostals ; of these the second does not separate till long after the
fifth, the third and fourth parting shortly before apex; first subcostal free, and
ending only a little way before apex. Hindwings with discocellular obliiiue ; the two
subcostals on a longish stalk ; the last two medians on a very short one.

Type: Cldoromianfji ferrii,rji'nata sp. nov.

9. Chloromianta ferruginata s|i. no\.

Fweioinga : green, the costa white for three-fourths; markings rust-colotu- ;
first line thick, wavy, at one-fourth; second at three-fourths, irregularly wavy, and
parallel to hindmargin ; submarginal line wavy, interrupted above, the whole of the
space between the two last lines filled up with dark cinereous and pinky scales, as
far as the radial, leaving only the edges formed by the lines dull ferruginous ; a
ferrtigiuous spot at end of each vein, connected below with the submarginal line ;
fringe ferruginous ; the green basal half of wing is s|iotted in places with ferruginous.

lliiidivings: with a large dark greyish black and pinky patch at apex; a
ferruginous darker-centred patch on inner margin near base, extending along margin
to another smaller patch; an irregular submarginal band of ferruginous and yelluw
spots; the veins also ^yellowish ; marginal spots ferruginous, with the fringe.

Abdomen reddish, with the tufts dai-ker; thorax and collar green; vertex and
shaft of antennae white: face, palpi, and antenna! pectinations ferrtiginous. Under-
side pearly whitish green ; a jiurplish grey blotch from anal angle of forewings and
at apex of hindwings.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

Three cJ <? from the Khasias.

Chloromma gen. nuv.
Fwewings : with costa gradually curved throughout; ajiex jiroduced, bluntly
subfalcate; hindmargin oblique, hardly curved; anal angle well marked.

( loo )

Ifhulirings: with a prominent tail at end of third median. I'Vcnuhnn ahseni ;
antennae of S strongly pectinated ; palpi porrect, hairy, reaching a little in I'roni of
face ; hind tibiae dilated, with a tuft of hairs and four spurs.

Neuration: first subcostal of forewings anastomosing with costal ; the other four
stalked from upper angle of cell; in the hindwings the two subcostals and last two
medians are stalked.

Type : Chloro'iiima miiiiica sp. nov.

10. Chloromma mimica sp. nov.

cj. Wings olive-green; the lines olive fuscous, irregularly denticulate; the iirst
at one-third, distinct only on inner margin ; the second at three-fourths, parallel to
hindmargin, but incurved before inner margin ; a black cell-spot; fringe paler green.

Jfindirivi/s : with second line only, and with a large black blotch on the
discocellular.

Thorax and abdomen green ; face and palpi dull red ; fillet white. Umlerside
duller, with the cell-spots denoted, and a dull dark central fascia on each wing.

Exjjanse of wings : 28 — 32 mm.

Two c?c? from the Khasias.

Superficially this species recalls IdlocJilora oiildludmicata Jloore.

11. Comostola albifimbria sp. nov.

Foreimngs: apple-green, with a paler wavy basal line and a wavy denticulated
slightly sinuous exterior line at two-thirds; costa evenly fawn-coloured throughout;
cell-spot purple-brown on lower half of discocellular; fringe broad, white, with a
broadish pur^ile basal line, formed of shallow lunules between the veins, interrupted
liy a wdiite vein-s[iot.

H indiviii (js : the same, with the cell-spot longer, covering the whole of the
discocellular.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous green ; vertex and shaft of antennae whitish ;
palpi and antennal pectinations rufous; face brown. Underside pearly whitish green.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 S from the Khasias.

12. Comostola mundata sp. nov.

Fwewinf/s : apjile-green ; the costa grey, with a few lirown scales towards apex ;
first line indicated by white dots on inner margin and median \ein ; cell-spot round,
dark red-brown, with paler, slightly metallic centre and whitish orbit ; outer line
represented by six whitish clots on the veins, the upper four lying in a curve, the
lower three in a straight line; fringe white with basal half lustrous, containing a
line of shallow dark red-brown lunules from vein to vein.

Hindvmifjs : the same, without any basal dots.

Face red-brown; frontlet narrowly white; vertex, thorax, and abdomen green.
Underside uniform whitish green, glossy.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

A few of both sexes from the Khasias.

Distinguished from C. merilaria Wlk., with which it agi-ees in size, by the
difterent shade of green, and tlip ]iuro white or yellowish whit(> dots and grey costa.

( K'fi )

Helicopag'e gpn. nov.

Fvi-i-(i'inijs: amijle; cosla slrouglv loundod at base, tlieii sliaiglit and I'aiiitlv
convex before apex; apex blunt, rectangular; liindmargin crennlalc lliroughout, the
upper half vertical, the lower oblique.

Hiiulwings: with hindmargin deeply crenulate ; a longer tooth at end of third
median and a slightly deeper indentation above it opposite the cell ; anal angle
squared; abdomen long, without tufts; antennae of c? bipectinatcd, the pectinations
thickened towards apex and pubescent.

Palpi long, porrect, the second joint reaching well in front of face, tliiid more
slender, half as long as second; tongue present ; hind tibiae slender, with four spurs,
and a thin pencil of hairs on the inner .side; frenulum very fine, working in a spiral
hair-covered retinaculum, which springs from the extreme base of forewin" and is
not attached to the wing bevond.

Neuration: forewings, cell nearly half as long as wing; discocclbiliir with
short upper arm oblique inwards, the longer lower arm oblique outwards ; first median
at three-fifths, second close before end, third from end of ceil ; lower radial from
angle of discocellular, upper from iielow upper angle; last four subcostals stalked
from the angle, first anastomosing with costal. Hindwings with the medians as in
forewings ; the two subcostals from upper angle of cell ; radial from just below it
and above the angulation of discocellulars.

TvjJe : Helicoparje hiru)nlinfdis sj). nov.

Distinguished from all other genera, as far as I know, by the unusual cliaracter
of the retinaculum.

13. Helicopage hirundinalis sp. nov.

Foreivinrjs : pale green, with darker greyish green mottlings and m.arkings, tJio
mottlings confined to the basal area and fir.st half of costa ; basal i)atch edged with
a thick grey-green blotch, angulated outwardly, with some blackish scales in the
middle; a grey-green discal blotch ; a double irregular series of grev-green lunules,
oblique outwards above the median, inwards below it; the three lunules above the
median each contain a black sagittate mark, much resembling a swallow on the
wing; marginal area with a broad grey-green fa.scia from apex to middle, broken into
lunules below the middle ; extreme hindmargin pale green ; fringe i)inkish white ;
costa yellowish, with innumerable small brown mottlings.

Hindwings: with grey-green basal blotch and discal sjK.t, followed by three
irregular sinuous bands of lunular spots, the submarginal above the anal angle being
the most conspicuous ; fringe as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous green; palpi externally and antennae
fuscous; lower part of face whitish. Underside pale fiidod green, with the bands of
lunules dull gilded; the costa of forewings with many irregular blackish blotches,
of which the apical is the largest.

Kxpan.se of wings : ,50 mm.

A few examples from the Khasias.

1 1. Hemithea (?j auomala «ii. nov.
6 ?. Wings apple-green.
Forewings: with costa narrowly ochreous yellow; a curved slightly wavy first

( 107 )

line, and :i stiaiglit oliliiine miniitrly wavy spconil lino, whilr ; fringe ennedlorons ;
no diseal dot ; both lines are more distinct towards inner margin.

Himhinnr/n: with a central straight white line, slightly curved towards the
inner margin.

Head and thora.x green; abdomen wliite, greenish towards base; face fawn-
colom-; palpi and forelegs tinged with fawn. I'nderside of wings uniform pale
green.

Expanse of wings : 34 — ?i(> mm.

Kulu ; ]\Iasuri.

Agrees in neuration and shape of wings and palpi with Hemithea; but the t?
antennae are merely i)ubescent, not ciliated; and tlie abdomen is entirely without
tufts, or the reddish .segments tliat clianicterise Ili'iaifheK proper.

1''. Idioclilora contracta sji. nov.

ForeviLiij/s : <lull apple-green, with two pale olive indistinct cross lines; the first
at one-third, outwardly curved and slightly wavy; the second from costa at two-thirds,
irregularly waved and approaching the first line on inner margin, paler-edged
externally ; fringe paler green.

Hiiidii-'lii(/8 : the same; both wings wilh dark olive-green cell-spot.

Head, face, thorax, and abdomen green; vertex and antennae white. Underside
dull whitish green, with a dark grey submarginal shade, strongest towards inner
margin of forewings and costal margin of hindwings.

P^xpanse of wings : 20 mm.

One (? from the Khasias.

Hi. lodis annulifera sp. nov.

Like arrjatdvia ^\'lk., but smaller; the costa narrowly yellowisli ; the e.xterior
pale line running strongly inwards opposite the cell; the diseal spots in both wings
larger and with [lale outlines; the upper half of the discocellular not marked with
dark green; the whole ground-colour more shagreened with whitish; the hindwings
narrower, with the tail more produced.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

Only cf (? from the Khasias.

17. lodis coeruleata sp. nov.

Fm'eu'inc/s : pale bluish green; the costa deep green, with its extreme edge
yellow ; central fascia edged, as in the allied species, by a paler line of curves
preceded by a deeper green shade, a similar shade also following the first line ;
diseal spot round, dark green; fringe concolorous ; hindmargin deeper green, without
line or vein-spots.

HhK-hi'inf/s : the same.

Head, thorax, abdomen, and face deep green ; basal .joint of aniennae and
vertex narrowly white; antennae [>nU' fuscous. Underside pearly whitish green.

Exi)anse of wings : 40 mm.

A few from the Khasias.

18. lodis inumbrata sp. nov.

Forewim/s : pale glaucous green, with (he usual (wo deni i<'ulate(l white transverse
lines, but these ari' luuch more distinct (ban usual, and (owards the inner margin

( 108 )

consist of liioiid white lunules ; the iuuer line is edged externallj' and the outer
internally by blotches of deep green, and the opposite sides are edged witli a thin
line of the same colour; ocellus edged with the same green.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

S ? from the Khasias.

19. lodis iridescens sp. nov.

FweimnfjH : semi-diaphanous opalescent green, dusted with pearly scales; costa
(lark grev-green ; the two lines, as usual, consisting of a series of luuules, the inner
line followed and the outer line preceded by a slightly deeper greeu shade, unsufl'used
with the pearl>- scales ; the lunules forming the outer line ai-e more uniform in
direction than in the allied species, the last two beneath the costa not being reflexed
basewards, but rather approaching the apex, so that the width of the central area
between the two lines is much greater on the costa; hindmargin preceded by a narrow
band of unsufi'used darker green ; fringes paler, with a concise green basal liuc.

llinchoings: the same.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale green ; vertex white. I'nderside white.

I')xpanse of wings : 20 mm.

One c? from the Khasias.

20. Megalochlora convallata sp. nov.

Very near vallntd Butler, from Japan, which also occurs in the Khasia Hills,
but certainly distinct. The costa is concolorous with the forewings, without any
traces of dark or light speckles, and there is no dark s|iot at the origin of the
tran.sverse lines, nor the slightest trace of any submarginal line. The hindwings are
not so distinctly elbowed in the middle, and the dark spot at the angle is entirely
wanting. The specimens I have seen have all faded in the same way that vallata
is wont to fade; the markings, viz. the two transverse lines on the forewing and the
central line on the hindwing, with the ocelloid spot on both wings, are, as in vallata,
rusty olive.

Both S6 and ? ? from the Khasias.

21. Tanaorhinus discolor sp. nov.

Foreioinga : liver-colour, the basal area strewn with hoary lustrous scales ; traces
of a darker line from three-fourths of costa to second median, where it touches a
bean-shaped oehreous white blotch, the outer side of which it traverses and renders
diffuse; basal line visible only on inner margin near base; fringe from ajiex to
middle pale, thence to anal angle liver-colour ; costa paler than ground-colour, but
l)robably through discoloration.

Ifindwiiifjis : with basal and marginal thirds liver-colour, darker towards anal
angle, where there are some paler spots ; median area dull fidvous yellow, with darker
suffusion and curved lines ; fringe dark, jialer opposite the cell.

Head, face, and jialpi pale oehreous; collar and abdomen fulvous; thorax and
patagia liver-colour. I'nderside duller, more reddish grey, with the pale spaces
distinct, pale hyaline yellow.

]'"xpanse of wings : GO mm.

Two cJ c? from the Khasias,

( 109 )

Ri'UfAMii.v STKKIJKIXAK

22. Arhostia (?) persimilis sp. nov.

Forewings : dirty oehreous, il Listed cuarscly with grey, esiiec-ially from the base
outwards and along the hindniargin ; the three lines dark grey, slightly curved, and
parallel to hindmargin ; first at one-fourth; second at one-half, passing close to tlie
small lilackish cell-spot; third at three-fourtlis, the last the clearest; fringe con-
colorous, with dusky basal line.

Hindv'ings : the same, without the first line.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous; face reddish, fudersidi' dulli'r.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

A few from the Kliasias.

23. Craspediopsis inaequata sp. nov.

Forewings stone-colour, slightly darker in tone than hlmaculidn \Varr. and
more tinged with ocbreous, the costa paler. The markings are similar to tho.se of
p'lUivittata and binuwiddta, but the exterior line, instead of consisting of a series
of lunules with dent iculat ions between them, is a continuous fine thread, which forms
a distinct curve opposite the cell, and is immediately followed by a somewhat
indistinct reddish line, not parallel to it, which bears a spot beyond the curve and
another lietween the first and second median nervules, from which an oblique Hue
runs to the top of the two blotches in the exterior line; the fringe, which in
liiniaculatn is quite pure, has, like that of paUivittaia, a small spot opposite the end
of each vein. The lower spot of the exterior line is smaller and blacker than in
hlmncuhita, while the upper one is more faintly expressed. The pectinations of the
cj antennae are much shorter and of move uniform length throughout, whereas in
bitnaculata they are plumose in the middle. Face and palpi lilack, as in the other
species.

Expanse of wings : oti mm.

Several from the Khasias.

Of the four species which I refer to this genus, paJliviUata Moore is the largest,
and also the most mottled with ochreous and reddish ; bipunctata comes next in
l)oint of size, and is the palest in colour; then pers!iiuIis^loove,\\hk'h is the greyest ;
and last imwqiuda, which is decidedly smaller and slightly darker than hlmacidida,
but less mottled than pjidlivlUata.

24. Chrysocraspeda perpicta s]). nov.

Foreivinrjs : yellow, irregidarly blotched anil dusled with lilood-rcd ; the co.sta,
hindmargin, ami inner margin dull pinkish drab : discal spot white, surrounded with
reddish.

Hindiuingfi : yellower; basal area thickly dusted with lilood-rcd. the apical
region more sparsely so ; hindmargin dull violet-grey, becoming dull retl at base of
fringes, which are yellow; on inner margin above anal angle is a curved dark red
blotch concisely cut by the second median nervule ; di.scal spot white, .set in red.

Thorax and vertex pinkish drab; abdomen yellow, dusted with blood-red, the
penultimate segment with a blotch of the .same colour as that on inner margin of
hindwings ; face and antennae yellow, s|iot li'd with red. I'nderside yellow, sutTused

MU) )

in tlio forewings with liright rosy ; the liindwings with the ivd-lirowii lilotch of inner
margin only.

Kxiianse of wings : 2fi mm.

A good scries from the Khasiiis.

'2.'). Chrysocraspeda sangixinea sp. nov.

Fm'ewiwjs : brilliant red, with a few darker red strignlations ; eo.ifa liroadlv
fawn-colour; hindmargiu l)lood-red. thinning out towards the anal angle, tlie extreme
hindmargiii being left narrowly yellow ; diseal spot blaekish, surrounded bv deep
red ; fringe pale yellow.

Hinchvitlfjs : like forewings, Init with a pearly white diseal spot.

Head, thorax, abdomen, and antennae all red. Underside bright rosv, with the
fringes yellow.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

2(i. Clirysocraspeda subaugulata s|>. no\.

Fm'eivlwis : jiale ])inkish ochreous, suffused with purplish grev except along the
inner margin, and dusted througiiout with tine rnst-coloured atoms ; cell-spot distinct,
blackish, lying in a short streak of unsuflfused ground-colour; the lines purplish
brown ; first from costa near base is acutely angled just before the cell-.spot, running
thence obliquely inwards to inner margin at one-fourth; second line at two-thirds
but not quite touching costa forms a right angle on the upper radial, and runs
vertically, but slightly bent, to anal angle; extreme hindmargin bright yellow,
preceded by a deep jmrple shade, with the veins also purple, their extremities sharply
jutting out into the yellow ; fringe bright yellow.

Uiudwiiir/N : with the disc only unsuffused ; the first line continued across thcni
near the base ; the second line irregularly bent from before apex to before anal angle ;
diseal spot white, oval, followed by a slight dark shade ; hindmargin and fringe as in
forewings.

Head, face, antennae, thorax, and abdomen all dull rosv. I'nderside bright
ro.sy, with fringes and extreme margin lirighl vellow.

Expanse of wings : 22 nun.

One S from the Khasias.

Siihanfjidiilii differs from dhhadraca mv\ its allies in lieing slight Iv but visiblv
angled at the third merlian of each wing; but it agrees with that species in having
the first subcostal stalked with the remaining four, in the bright rosy underside with
its yellow fringe, and in the white diseal spot of hindwings. The acute angulation of
the first line sei)aiates it from all others.

Discoglypha gen. nov.

Akin to Lipomelia Warr., but the antennae of J are not ciliated, Inil minutely
serrate and fasciculate ; palpi short; hind tibiae of J with a terminal jiair of spurs,
and their extremity fringed with hairs, first joint of tarsi also being dilated and
fringed with hairs.

Xevralimi: as in Kri/ll,rolop/ivs; veins 7, 8, 'J, 10 of forewings .^talked: 111
ana>loniosing wilh II, and afterwards with 8, V, forming a double areole. The

( 111 )

three transverse lines generally (li>(inct and ilcnticulate, ilarker than the uniform
ground-colour.

Type: Discorjlyphd (uirciforis sji. nov.

Idaea hampsoni Swinh., Tr. K. ,S'. 18i)2. p. 14, and F.riilhrnli,i,lnis jm iir/iiiuiiyu
Hnipsn., F. B. I. III. p. 4.53, should be referred to this genus.

27. Discoglypha aureifloris sp. nov.

Forewhigs : dull dark red, a little paler towards lundniargin ; the costa broaillv
smoky black; the lines blackish ; finst from costa at one-fifth, wavy, to inner margin
at one-third ; second from just beyond the middle, denticulate, incurved below the
cell; .submarginal denticulate, about midway between .second and hiudinargin ;
fringe coucolorous, with a concise darker ri'd line at base, interrupted at ends of veins
by a paler dot ; a small black cell-siiot.

Bimhvings : like forewings, with two outer denticulate lines; in the middle of
the cell, extending from the subcostal to the second median nervule, is a large
golden blotch resembling a flower with its stalk.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous ; face and palpi bright red; vertex and lia.se
of antennae white. Underside dull rosy, with the two outer lines of each wing
darker.

Expan.se of wings : 30 mm.

Two J J from tlie Khasias.

'2><. Discog'lypha inflammata sp. nov.

Forewings: bright fulvous red, overlaid in pai'ts with fuscou.s grey, with two
broad streaks of unsutfused f\dvous along the cell and the submedian fold ; sub-
marginal line indicated also by fulvous blotches; costa dark fuscous, as are the lines:
the first at one-fourth, slightly obliijue outwardly and hardlv wavy; the second
central, slightly denticulated, and with a projection outwards between the second and
third medians; the third exterior, decidedly denticulated ; cell-spot small, fuscous;
fringe fulvous and fuscous.

Hindu'ings : the same, but with the cell-spot large, triangular in shajie, .silvery
white, edged with fuscous.

Vertex white ; face dark red. I'nderside dull fulvous, unsutfused, with all the
lines indicated.

Expan.se of wings : 32 mm.

Koth sexes from the Khasias.

21». Eois flavisimiata sp. nov.

Wings dull ro.sy, with a leaden tinge; the lines obscure, blackish; fii-st line
at one-third, straight; second, just beyond centre, wavy; third, a little beyond
second, straight ; all the lines are thicker towards the costa, which they do not
reach; fringe and hindmargin broadly clear yellow; the dividing line between the
yeUow marginal area and the red is sinuous, starting oblicpiely and ditVusely from
the costa just before apex, strongly indented opposite the cell, and still more strongly
and rectangularly abo\e inner margin, forming a single rounded projection alx)ve the
first indentation, and a bilcib<il one between the two; th<' costa and this dividing
line are blood-red.

( 112 )

Hhldwings : like forewings, hul (he yellow niurginal space narrower, the
dividing line less sinuous and distinct.

Head, face, thorax, and abdomen deep leaden red ; vi'riex and antennae wliite.
I'nderside the same, but darker, less reddish.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

Several from the Khasia.s.

The yellow fringe and margin on forewings does not extend beyond the ap<x
along the eosta, as in E. rubridentata.

30. Eois rubridentata sp. nov.

Wings dull rosy; forewings with costa and three transverse sinuous lines deeper
rosy ; first line at one-third, eurved ; second in middle, passing just outside the discal
spot, and slightly wavy ; t bird at t wo-thirds, running to near anal angle, more sinuous ;
fringe clear yellow, with the extreme hindmargin of the same tint, starting on cosia
before apex; this yellow margin is preceded by a deep red line, which emits minnle
red teeth at the end of each vein.

Ifinilivings: the same, with the lines curved, and the first line wanting.

Thorax and abdomen dull rosy; face deep red; vertex and antennae white.
Undei'.side the same, but rather duller.

Expanse of wings : 1 6 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

The forewings are narrow, elongate, with the apex produced, blunt, and hind-
margin very oblique; anal angle well marked ; hindwings liluntly elbowed in middle.

ol. Janarda ruptifascia sp. no\.

Forewi'iu/s : pale ochreous, dusted with greyisli ; costa throughout pale; basal
half greyish, bounded by an obli<pie pale fascia, the inner edge of which .starts from
the middle of inner margin and runs parallel to hindmargin ; the outer edge also runs
parallel till oppo.site the cell, where it goes obliquely to apex; marginal space beyond
this greyish, divided by a narrow submarginal line; fringe pale, with small dark dots
opposite the ends of the veins, and brownish at extreme apex of wing: a small
blackish cell-spot near the outside of the greyish basal area.

Hindwings : the same.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous ; face and vertex <lark red-brown. I'nderside
duller.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

32. Nobilia strigata sp. nov.

Foreumi;!^ : didl red-brown, with numeruus undulating silvery grey strigae;
the costa broadly ulive, with scattered silvery grey scales; discal spot red-brown:
an indistinct red-brown curved line beyond the middle and another before apex from
costa to middle of hindmargin, followed by a broad silvery .streak : fringe r<'d-brown,
with a darker line at base.

llivdwiiigs : uniformly striated and alternated with red-lirown and silvery grey;
discal spot oblong, whitish, with a black dot at its lower end.

Head, thorax, and abdomen mixed n^il-brown and grev : face and |i;ilpi drrp

( ii:! )

red-brown. Underside deep gilded yellow, dnll reddish along co-jta and towards
bindmargin of forewings.

Expanse of wings : 50 mm.

Se\eral c? 6 from 15orneo.

33. Organopoda sanguinata sp. nov.

Forewings: deep yellow, much suffused with deep dull red; costa of forewing
smoky; antemedian, median, postmedian, and submarginal lines deep red, thick, and
indistinctly denticulate; with some blackish scales on tlie teeth, especially towards
inner margin; submarginal line with a darker blotch oiijiosite the cell; a row of
black spots along bindmargin ; fringe reddish ; a large round dull black discal blotch.

Hindmngs: the same.

Thorax and abdomen coneolorous ; face and collar smoky, like the costa of
forewings. Underside dull reddish, with the discal spots blurred, blackish.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One (J from the Khasias.

Orthoserica gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa gradually curved throughout ; apex rounded ; bindmargin
strongly curved ; anal angle obtuse.

Hindwings: broad; bindmargin well rounded, subcrenulate ; anal angle produced;
c? antennae pectinated, the pectinations shortly ciliated ; palpi horizontally [wrrect,
thick; third joint indistinct; tongue |)resent ; hind legs shortened ; tiliia with very
long tuft of hair from base covering tarsus, which is quite short.

Neuration: forewings, cell half the length of wing: fir.st median at four-fifths,
second close before end, third from the end of cell ; lower radial from rather above
centre of discocellular, upper from upper angle ; second subcostal shortly stalked
with the last three, anastomosing with the first and then again with the common
stem of the others, forming a double areole. Hindwings with the two subcostals short-
stalked ; medians as in forewings. Wings of weak structure, and thinly scaled.

Type : Orthoserica rutigrised sji. nov.

34. Orthoserica rufigrisea sp. nov.

Forewings : dull brick-red with pale greyish markings ; the costa is broadly dull
grey ; the space between basal patch and central fascia, a large apical blotch, a
narrow blotch along lower half of bindmargin, and the submarginal line are pale grey,
rather glossy ; discal spot dark red-brown ; beyond and slightly above it is a
subquadrate pale grey spot, coalescing with the costal streak ; the exterior line at
four-fifths is darker red, denticulate, and wavy, but not distinct ; submarginal line
narrow, zigzag; fringe grey mixed with rufous.

Hindwings: with basal area pale grey, with a few reddish .scales close to base;
a blackish discal .siiot surrounded with grey; central and submarginal lines wavy;
denticulate, pale with dark red edging internally; marginal space more or less mixed
with grey scales.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull reddish ; face and paliii and edge of costa dark
brown-red. Underside pale dull grey, with the discal spots and exterior lines alone
marked darker.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

Two 6 6 from the Khasias.

( lu )

35. Perixera mediusta sp. nov.

Forewi'ivjti : ochreous, veiy finely dusted with i)Ui])le scales ; first line represented
by searcely visible purplish dots on veins; exterior line with the dots plain but small ;
fringe concolorous, with a row of small purple dots at base ; cell-sjjot indicated by a
few sliglitlv darker scales ; a hvoadisli diffuse dull purplish central baud from two-thirds
of costa to middle of inner margin, slightly wavy and angled outwardly.

Hindwings : the same, but the cell-dot white, surrounded by purplish scales ;
tlie centra! purjilish baud widened along costa.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous; face whitish ; palpi and forelegs externally
and to]) of forehead dull rosy. Underside duller, with the central band in both wings
broader and dull rosy ; the forewing also suffused with rosy patches along the disc.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One S from the Khasias.

Phrissosceles gen. nov.

One of the varied developments of Anlsodex. The bind legs are fully develoi>cil,
as in Pliitimdes Warn, and the median pair of spurs absent ; the tibiae are slightly
thickened and indented at tlie place where the spurs would be, and the femora are
thickly clothed with woolly hair, which at the end forms a curl ; the third segment
of the abdomen bears on each side a rounded tuft of scales.

Type : Phrissosceles argyromnta sp. nov.

36. Phrissosceles argyromma sp. uov.

Fm'eivings : straw-colour, dusted with reddish atoms ; costa dai-k fuscous; first
line dull gi"ey, forming two or three curves, and marked by a distinct black dot on
subcostal, and a minute dark dot on the median vein ; cell-sjiot obscure, dull fuscous;
median line greyish fuscous, strongly denticulate, and distinct; exterior line reddish
grey, strongly denticulate, marked by black points on the veins, that on the radial
most distinct and surrounded by a grey shade; submarginal line indistinct, preceded
by fuscous blotches opposite the cell and above anal angle; fringe straw-colour, with
a lilack spot at the end of each vein, and a minute dot between the veins.

liindvAngs: like forewings, but the cell-mark round and bright silvery, edged
finely with black.

Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour, dusted with reddish, the abdoiiH'U with
a reddish [latch on the sides above the lateral tuft ; pal|ii above dee]) red. I'ndersidi'
duller .straw-colour, in the forewings much suffused with rosy; curl at end of hind
femora red.

Kx])anse of wings : 48 mm.

One S from the Khasias.

37. Platisodes (?) jocosa sp. nov.

Foreimugn: yellow, thickly dusted with bright ferruginous speckles; the lines all
denoted by black grey-edged spots, and all angled on the subcostal; the spots on
costa and subcostal coalesce to form black blotches at the rise of the basal, central,
and exterior lines; a black spot on the subcostal clo.se to base; three black spots in
a straight obli<jue line, on the subcostal, median, and submedian veins, repre.sent the
basal line; five spots represent the median line, and seven, more linear, the exterior;

( 11.5 )

cell-s]iot large, rounrl ; sulimarginal line icprcsentetl by four larger blackish sj)ots —
one lielow the costa, two almost contiguous, oi)iiosite the cell, and the fourth between
the first and second median nervules ; three small black dots on costa before apex,
and a row of distinct black spots along base of fringes, which are concolorous.

Iliialiimu/fi : the same, but the cell-spot larger, with a pale grey centre.

Head and thorax with abdomen yellowish speckled with red, the abdomen with
some black dots; face pale, unspotted ; palpi reddish. Underside pale straw-colour,
with the markings and frecklings more diffuse. Disc of forewings suffused with ro.sy,
and the spots towards the hindmargin purple-grey.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One J fiom the Khasias.

A very distinct and gaily marked species. In this case, a.- the legs are all broken
off, the genus of the species must remain uncertain.

38. Ptychopoda luteata sp. nov.

Foreioin(js : pale yellowish ochreous, with three diffuse paler whitish ochreous
fasciae, without any darker lines or dusting; the pale fasciae come between the basal
area and the central fascia, between the latter and the submarginal fascia, and along
the hindmargin ; fringes of the paler colour.

Hinrh-cings : exactly similar.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with the yellower ground-colour. Under-
side the same, but the yellower tints are greyer, and the first pale fascia is absent.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

A good series from the Khasias.

39. Ptychopoda obliquilinea sji. nov.

Forevfings : rufous ochreous ; first line at one-fourth, slender, obliipiely sinuous
inwards; outer line at five-sixths, irregularly wavy and faintly denticulate, followed
by a rufous wavy submarginal and marginal shade; fringe pale ochreous, with dark
basal line, which is more strongly marked towards anal angle, and with \ery faint
dark dots opposite the veins; a thick oblique rufous grey line from two-thinls uf
costa to middle of inner margin, preceded by a small blackish cell-dot.

Hindwlivjs : the same, with the thick oblique line antemedian, followed by the
cell-dot.

Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous ochreous ; face dark brown. Underside
paler, less rufous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

A few from the Khasias.

4t). Ptychopoda rubellata sp. nov.

Wings pale ochreous, suflfused with pinkish brown scales.

Fwewings : with a curved basal, sinuous central, and wavy darker pink exterior
line ; a pale wavy submarginal line of the ground-colour ; discal dot distinct , lilackish ;
fringe of the ochreous ground-colour, with a minute round dark dot at the end of
each vein.

Hindwings: the same, with two curved pale submarginal lines, and a dark
distinct discal dot.

Abdomen and thorax ochreous; vertex whitish ochreous; face dark brown.

( IHi )

Underside paler, with less .■suffusion ; all the wings showing three wavy pinkish lines,
one central and two suhmarginal.

Ksjianse of wings : 24 mm.

Several of both sexes from tlie Kliasias.

Symmacra gen. nov.

t'lo.-;ely related to Discoyl/jplui Warr., but the neuration of forewings is ditt'erent :
the first subcostal anastomosing with the common stem of the other four for a
considerable distance ; the hind tibiae have a pencil of hair and the terminal spurs
unec|ual; the $ antennae are subserrate and ciliated. The character of the markings
is the same as in Di8cu(jl yplui.

Tyjje : Symmaci'a ref/idams sp. nov.

41. Symmacra regfularis sp. nov.

Forei'-hu/s : dull reddish, tliickly dusted with darker; costa broadly brown : first
line dark grey, at one-fourth, outwardly oblique; second just beyond middle, lu-arly
vertical, wavy, dark grey; submarginal line distinct, blackish, dentate, the teeth
marked by black dots on the veins, followed by an obscure reddish dentate sliade ;
a thin black marginal line, concisely interrupted at each vein by a whitish dot ;
fringe concolorous ; cell-spot round, black.

Hindirings : like forewings, but the cell-spot oblong, silvery white edged with
dark.

Thorax and abdomen dark red-brown ; vertex and shaft of antennae white ; face
and jialpi red-brown. Undenside of forewings rosy, of hindwiugs pinky white.

Kxpanse of wings : 28 mm.

A few (J S only from the Khasias.

In a second example the first line is not visible at all, the second very obscure,
and the submarginal di.stinct, but not marked by black dots.

42. Timandra strigulata sp. nov.

Forevdngs : ochreous, suffused with rufous, and covered with short fuscous
transverse strigulae : a diffuse rufous streak from ajiex to inner margin beyond
nuddle ; submarginal line grey, sinuous ; fringe rufous, with a darker line at base;
cell-dot rufous, indistinct.

Ilindiviligs : with the rufous line anienicdian; tlie submarginal line with a
blunt angle in middle.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous dusted with fuscous; face and collar rufou.s.
Underside like upper, but rather pal<T and duller.

Kxpanse of wings : 30 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

Distinguished fi-om reajjonsaria Moore by the dense strigulations.

Subfamily ASTHENINAE.
43. Autallacta livida s]). nov.

Wings dull >late-colour, with liver-coloured wa\y transverse lines, six on the
forewings, four on the hindwings : of the former two are basal; the third and fifth
form the edges of the central area, having the fourth midway between them; the

( 1>" )

sixth is submarginul ; facli of llu* last three is followed by another luuch fainter
wavy line. lu the hiudwings the first line is basal, the next cential ; the other two,
close together, submargiual ; fringes concolorous. Forewings with costa between the
lines ochreous, and wholly ochreous just before apex.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous; tip of abdomen ochreous; face dark
chocolate-brown ; extreme apex of forehead and antennae ochreous. Underside
duller, with the chief markings reproduced.

Expanse of wings : i!G mm.

Several from the Khasias.

SuHF.uuLY TKIOIK )P rKKVGINAE.

Apliantoloba gen. nov.

FureiULiujs : with costa well curved throughout; apex iiroduccd, but blunt;
hiudmargin with bluntly rounded projection in middle, incur\eil above, uliliijue and
straight below ; anal angle well marked.

Hindiuings : in S quite narrow, in ¥ more developed ; the hindmargin nearlv
straight, and both angles squared ; no trace of a lobe in the r^, the inner margin
lieing limited by vein 2.

Palpi porrect, rostriform, reaching well in front of forehead; antennae of S
pectinated, but not strongly ; of ? simple, filiform; hind tibiae of (? with four spurs.

NeuralioH : forewings, cell not half as long as wing; first median at one-half,
second and third from lower angle of cell; lower radial from centre of discocellular,
ujiper from upper angle of cell ; the five subcostals stalked from before end. Hind-
wings, cell short ; costal connected with subcostal by a bar at middle of cell ; the
two subcostal nervules stalked, as are the last two medians; lirst median close before
end of cell.

cJ only half, or not half, as large as ¥ .

Type : Aphantofoba uiijrinotata sp. nov.

44. Aphantoloba uignnotata sp. nov.

Forewiiufs : glossy pale olive ochreous, with a few sparsely scattered black atoms;
two triangular dark olive fuscous costal blotches at one-third and two-thirds, from
which the two transverse lines start, the first ver_y indistinct, the second curved and
sinuous, olive-brown; a small black blotch on costa before apex, and a still smaller
one at apex; a small curved blackish blotch on margin of the subapical con-
cavity; fringe concolorous, with a black blotch in the lower half of the concavity
and along the middle of the lower arm.

lUiidiviiujs : paler, more whitish, with an irregular dark greyish black sub-
margiual streak and some scattered fu.scous scaling; fringe pale, with black
marginal line.

Head, face, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, the latter with some dark markings
towards apex. Underside pale ochreous, with coarse fuscous nuiltlings; the exterior
line broadly dark on both wings.

Expanse of wings : c?, 14 mm. ; y , 30 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

9

( 118)

45. Dysethia pallescens sp. nov.

Foretoinr/s : pale bluish grey, tUickly dusted with fine blackish atoms; three
brown-lilack spots on costa, first at one-third, second at two-thirds, the third at five-
sixths; the first oblique outwards, the second inwards, the third quite small; from
the end of the first a tawny Hue runs obliquel}' inwards to inner margin at one-third,
marked by a browu dot on median and submedian veins ; from the end of the
second a tawny line runs in a large curve outwards to the first median nervule, then
straight to inner margin, also marked b\- brown dots on the veins ; from the third a
\ery indistinct submarginal shade can be traced; fringe concolorous, with a very fine
dark basal line.

I/indivings : with no markings except an outer dark line, which is in-egularly
bent, and only distinct towards the inner margin.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all concolorous. Underside dull ochreous yellowish,
dusted with darker ; costal area of forewiugs yellow, undusted ; inner margin whitish ;
a faint discal dot.

Expanse of wings : c?, 32 mm. ; 5 , 36 mm.

A pair from Japan.

Eminesomia gen. nov.

^ . Fareivings : very broad; costa slightly curved at base, then straight till
shortly before apex ; apex produced, cur\ed, falcate ; hindmargiu strongly incurved
below apex, then running out so as to form a broad blunt elbow in the middle at end
of third median, thence very obliquely curved in to anal angle, which is strongly
marked and almost rectangular.

Hindwings: small; apex rounded; hindmargin forming a short projection at
end of first subcostal, thence slightly curved to anal angle, which is s(]uare.

Antennae short, thick, curled at apex, lamellate ; tongue present ; palpi
exceedingly short, not reaching front of face.

Neuration : forewings, cell not quite half the length of wing ; discocellular
straight ; first median a little beyond one-half, second close before angle, third from
angle of cell ; lower radial from middle of discocellular, upper from near the base of
last subcostal; third, fourth, and fifth subcostals stalked; first and second stalked;
second anastomosing with third and fourth for some distance. Hindwings, costal
connected with subcostal in middle of cell by a bar ; two subcostals stalked ; last two
medians short-stalked.

Type : Eriimesomia bilineata sp. nov.

■!(!. Eminesomia bilineata sp. nov.
Fwicwiiigs : stone-colour, dusted with very line and dense fuscous atoms, which
are darkest towards hindmargin and ajiex ; costa finely jjrick-red ; two transverse bands
olive-yellowish, edged, the first externally, the second internally, with dark grey ; first
band from costa just before middle is sharply angled on subcostal, then curved
inwards to inner margin at one-third; above the angulation at the costa the olive-
yellow becomes brick-red and the dark grey edging black ; second line from costa at
about three-fourths to inner margin shortly before anal angle, quite straight; the
small costal portion is coloured brick-red, as in the first band; a cur\eil black spot on
hindmargin in the subapical excision opposite the cell ; fringe dark red, with pale drab
outer half and a faint dark grey line in the middle.

( Hi) J

Hindtvings: i^aler, without dark dusting except along inner margin, witli the
second hand of forewings represented very faintly ; fringes red.

Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; face dull olive-red.
Underside mainly dull brick-red or orange-red ; the base and inner margin of forewings
cinereous; the second band in both wings black, as well as the marginal blotch on
forewings ; fringe of forewings blackish at base, of hiudwings with a fine black
basal line.

Expanse of wings : 56 mm.

One 5> from the Khasias.

47. Lobogonia olivata sp. nu\-.

Forewings: pale silvery green, suffused iu parts with olive-green, and dusted
with very fine dark atoms; costa whitish, with numerous irregular blackish frecklings ;
lines thick, olive-fuscous ; first at one-third of costa to one-third of inner margin:
second from two-thirds of costa to inner margin just before anal angle, [jarallel to
first line ; both lines nearly straight, and edged internally with pale whitish green,
which gradually deepens into olive towards base ; hiudmargin likewise whitish green,
deepening into olive outside the second line ; a small round black spot near hiudmargin
ojiposite the cell; a small dark cell-speck on discocellular ; fringe pale green, but
dark olive-fuscous in the curve between apex and central prominence, and again
between it and anal angle.

Ilindwings ; pale shining whitish, speckled with faint green, with a bent fuscous
olive line at two-thirds and a faint darker cell-sjiot ; fringe pale ochreous.

Head and thorax olive-green ; abdomen silvery grey. Underside dull yellowisli
ochreous, mottled with fuscous ; the forewing mostly suffused with cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

A few from the Khasias.

Hypocometa gen. nov.

Allied to Phthonoloba Warr. ; like that genus, with neither wing distorted or
excised ; agreeing also in the antennae and palpi, and in the neuration of forewings ;
vein 10 anastomoses with 11, and then with 8, 9, to form a double areole. The points
of difference from Phthonoloba are twofold : the hind tibiae of c? are without spurs,
and instead of the femorotibial tuft have a thick short brush of dark scales at the
junction of the tibia and tarsus; secondly, in the S hindwing one of the median
nervules is wanting, presumably the second.

Type : Hypocometn claada sp. nov.

48. Hypocometa clauda sp. nov.
Forewings : bright green or whitish green, with black vvavcd and dcntatcd linos;
fifteen can be counted ; of these the first is basal ; 2 and 8 are confused together liv
black scaling, forming a fascia ; 4 is thick, 5 very slender ; G and 7 form a fasciaform
edge internally to the central fascia; 8, 9, 10, 11 are fine and subdeutate, close
together, and form the outer edge of central fascia ; 12 is slender and wa\y, and
forms the centre of a whitish fascia; 13 and 14 form a submarginal fascia; 13 is
subniarginal, and consists of triangular or Innulate contiguous blotches, preceded liy
a whitish line ; a series of double black spots along hindmargin at end of veins ; the
upper half of central fascia is widened and pale, and contains a large ova! black discal
spot, with pale edges.

( lao )

liiiulwinijs : dark silky I'useous.

Face, palpi, and thorax green; abdomen ochreous, with black segiiiciilal iiiark-
iiigs ; antennae ochreous, annulated with black. Under.'-ide dull ochreous cinereous :
libial tufts black.

Kxjjanse of wings : .50 nun.

Xunierous e.Kaniplcs from the Khasias.

4'J. Pseudoschista bicolor sp. nov.

Forewiiiga : broader and shorter than usual, pale green, with darker green and
fuscous wavy and denticulated transverse lines ; basal space consisting of diffuse dark
green curved bands with paler interspaces, bounded by a paler green narrow space
with a dark green thread in its centre : central space or fascia formed of six dark
green lines, the second and fifth faintest, all l)ecoming denticulate below the middle ;
the first, third, and sixth ending in outwardly directed blackish si>ots on inner
margin ; lower half of discocellular marked by a dark linear spot, to which from the
costa stretches a narrow tooth-shaped pale whitish green blotch ; the central fascia is
followed by, first, a paler green fascia, then a dark green one, then the whitish green
«nl)lenninal line, all three denticulated : beyond this the marginal s[)ace is deep
olive-green, paling again towards the margin itself, which is marked by blarkish spots
at the ends of the veins ; fringe pinkish green ; the space below the median vein and
beyond the cell as far as the dark green exterior fascia is sufl'u.sed with dull lilac.

Hindvnnrjs: small, dull wliitish, with the ajiical region fuscous and the fringe
ochreous.

Thorax green, moll led with darker; abdomen ochreous (? fadedj ; face and
vertex pale green ; palpi dark green ; antennae reddish at base, becoming blackish
towards their apex. Underside pinkish cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

A few from the Khasias.

The species may be recognised by the ample forewings, with lilac discal -utfasion,
and the whitish green tooth-shajied mark from the middle of the costa.

•JO. Pseudoschista nigrifusalis sp. nov.

Forewings : green, witli dark(>r gi'een and bhu'kish cross Hues ; a l)hu-k oulwanlly
curved line close to base, with a shorter black line inside it; a black wavv line at
one-third, broad on costa and angled on the subcostal vein, runs to the inner margin
at middle; two or three indistinct dark green wavy lines in the interval between it
and the basal line; beyond the middle a broad blackish fascia of three or four lines,
the outer edge sharply angulated, and then incurved and dentate to inner margin
before anal angle, leaving a pale green sjiace on costa between its inner edge and the
second line ; apical .space jiale green, with three wavy denticulate lines, which become
darker and approximate towards inner margin ; a wavy denticulate submarginal line
jiarallel to hindmargin, the marginal sjiace beyond its lower half clouded with
blackish ; a blackish longitudinal shade from the angle of central fascia to hind-
margin ; fringe whitish green, wilh darker mottlings.

IIiniiwinf/8 : )iale grev.

Mead and thorax greenish ; abdomen ochreous ("/green when fresh) ; antennae
black ; pal])i greenish. I'Milersidc dull cinereous.

Kxiianse of wings : •!() mm.

.\ pair from the Khasias.

( l-'l )

•il. Trichopteryg'ia ustimargo h]!. ihi\.

ForewiiKjS : imli' gifv, tingnl in |iart- with oobreous and suft'ii>e(l willi daik
fuscous or blackish ; basal [latch and broad central fascia smoky grey, darker towards
the edges, along the inner margin smoky black, forming a streak from base to anal
angle ; outer edge of central fascia followed by three or four alternate pale and dark
grey wavy and denticulated lines, mixed with ochreous scales and crossed by lon-
gitudinal black streaks on the veins, which on the eosta form a dark ochreous anil
black velvety spot; marginal area grey ; fringe lighter, with indistinct pairs of dark
dots at base. There appears to be a dark ochreous-edged ciu-ved line down the centre
of the central fascia, and the discal spot is oblii|ue, linear, dark, edged with ochreous ;
veins generally streaked with black.

H huhnnrjs : white.

Underside of forewings dingy grey, of Inndwings white. Thora.x dark grey ;
alidomen paler ; face ]jale ochreous ; jialpi blackish.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One (J from the Khasias.

sntFAMiLY hydkio:menin.\e.

52. Cidaria subcanescens sp. nov.

Fon'whirjs : with the ground-colour silvery grey; basal patch dull chestnut-
brown, bounded by a silvery grey line, which is bluntly angled below costa ; the
central fascia is likewise bounded internally by a silvery grey line, which forms a
beaklike projection beneath the tirst median uervule ; the space between the two
lines is mottled with fuscous and grey, and contains a darker triangular blotch ;
central fascia dull cliestnut-brown above the median, dark grey below, containing
four lunular lines, concave inwards, the two middle ones uniting and forming a series
of flattened ovals, of which the four below the median are complete and separate,
while those above are irregular and coalescent ; it is edged by a curved white line,
which emits a sharp tooth inwards along the fifth subcostal and second median :
marginal area silvery grey mottled with dark grey; ta\ indistinct series of irregular
dark lunules; a rounded brown-black subapical patch along the upper part of hind-
margin, and a liright chestnut patch along the lower, edged lieneath at anal angle
with white ; an interrupted black line before the fringes, which are brown.

Hijiiholiir/fi : silky grey, tinged with fuscous, with traces of three or four wavy
lines in the outer half, which are visible only towards inner margin ; fringe and lia.^al
line as in forewings; both wings with blackish cell-spot.

Face, palpi, head, and collar bright ochreous; thorax and abduuien brownish
ochreous, tinged with grey; patagia grey. Underside silvery grey, du-tiil with
brown, with the discal spots large and distinct, and traces of line.s.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

Two ? ? from the Khasias.

o3. Epirrhoe (?) coutortilinea s]i. nov.

Foretvinr/s : whitish, suffused with dull grey, and crossed by thick blackish
lines; basal area dark grev, its onti'r edge curved: folhiwed by two irregularly

( 122 )

sinuous thick black Hues, tho outer nearly touching the large black cell-spot ; a
broad bulging black sinuous fascia at two-thirds is preceded by a thick black sinuous
line, and followed by a white fascia, broadening at costa and traversed by a fine
slitrhtly wavy black line; marginal area dull smoky grey, with a paler submarginal
line immediately before the hindmargin ; fringe dark grey.

nindivin<:/s : exactlj' the same.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark smoky grey. Underside dirty white, with all
the dark markings of upperside expressed, except the liasal, where there is only one
line before the cell-spot.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

1 c? from the Khasias.

Unlike any other species with which I am acquainted.

•■J4. Ochyria inconspicua sp. nov.

Forewinrjs : pale grey, with a slight olive tinge; lines rather darker; basal line
curved, edged with whitish externally; inner line at one-third, curved obliquely
inwards, edged iuternally with whitish; outer line at two-thirds, at first oblique
outwards, then vertical, and again oblique inwards, faintly wavy and denticulate,
edged externally with whitish ; submarginal line indistinct, close to margin, ]ireccded
by a darker olive-grey cloud ; fringe grey, preceded by a series of dark double dots ;
discal spot distinct, dark grey.

Hhuhnnr/s : with the lines and shading distinct only on inner margin ; a dark
grey whitish-edged shade in the middle.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, with darker dusting. Underside dull grey,
with a darker central shade on both wings.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

A few only from the Khasias.

o.J. Perizoma quadrinotata sp. nov.

Fweioings : bright straw-colour, with the basal patch, an angulated central
fascia, a truncated subapical fascia, and an apical triangular spot, all blackish; the
basal patch is filled up with black only in its costal half, and is limited by a concise
black line ; in tlie pale space of ground-colour between it and the central fascia are
two diffuse wavy dull orange lines, and some blackish smudges beneath the costa;
central fascia concisely edged with a fine white and black siimous line on either side ;
the truncated fa.scia is followed by a white interrupted submarginal line, and is itself
continued to the inner margin as an orange fascia; the triangular apical spot is
produced as a dark fine shade edging the submarginal line externally; fringe straw-
colour, wide, with very distinct black dashes at the ends of all the veins.

Tlindivings : glossy pale grey, with a dull darker cell-spot, and two pale cmved
fasciae towards hindmargin, both obscure, and tlie outer interrupted ; fringe ochreous
grey.

Head, face, palpi, antennae, thorax, and abdomen all straw-colour. Underside
of forewings glossy dark cinereous, with distinct blackish discal spot and whitish
interrupted submarginal line; hindwings straw-colour mottled with grey, with three
more or less distinct darkish curved fasciae ; fringes as on upperside,

Exjianse of wings : 14 mm.

In abundance from the Khasia Hills.

( 1^:; )

of). Perizoma semifusca sp. nov.

Forewiihjfi : orhreous grey, tinged in parts with rufous ; a narmw central bhitkish
fascia edged with lilack lines, and with a black line down its centre ; the inner edge
evenly curved, the outer indented opposite the cell, and with a slight bilobed projection
between the first and third medians; basal space within this fascia traversed by
i?everal curved lines, and suffused with dull reddish grey ; basal i>atch itself fuscous
or blackish; a reddish band in the space between it and the central fascia; the
outer edge of central fascia is itself edged by a white line, followed by two wavy dark
lines ; submarginal shade cuneiform, a double blackish wedge-shaped mark oppiosite
the cell ; extreme hindmargin fuscous and reddish, with a jialer patch in middle, as
in faeninta ; fringes reddish grey mottled with darker.

Ilindwlnrjs : dull ochreous grey, with broad curx'ed dark grey marginal band
and traces of curved lines in the central portion of the wing.

Thorax and abdomen blackish; anal segment iu S pale; vertex, palpi, and face
pale grey. L'nderside dull greyish, with a broad pale submarginal fascia beyond
exterior edge of central fascia; base of hindwings paler.

Expanse of wings : ? , 20 mm. ; <?, 18 7nni.

Several from the Khasias.

Generally, owing to the dark suffusion of the space between the basal patch and
central fascia, the whole basal three-fifths appears dark, while the outer two-fifths
remains in the main of the pale ground-colour, and by this the insect may be easily
recognised.

57. Perizoma tenuifascia sp. nov.

Forevrlngs: greyish white, with a narrow basal patch and slender central fascia
brown; the fascia is liroader on costa. and has a small p)rojection on its outer edge
below the median ; a small brown costal spot before apex ; a blackish discal spot in
central fascia ; marginal line dark grey ; fringe whitish, with dark grey triangular
mottlings.

Ilindiviiii/S : greyer, with a faint central curved line.

Head and thorax dark grey-brown, the metathorax black ; abdomen greyish
white, with black band on first segment and black spots on back of the rest.
Underside of forewings dark grey ; of hindwings paler, with a blackish cell-spot and
traces of two curved lines.

Expanse of wings : S , -4 mm. ; ? , 20 mm.

Both .sexes from the Khasias.

It is possible that this and iri}Aiif/i<i{(i. may be forms of the same species : tri-
fjlar/'KUa has an ochreous .suffusion which is wanting in teiiuifancid ; and the specimens
were taken a month later than those of the latter — in October, instead of .September.

oS. Perizoma triplagiata -p. nov.

Foreiviw/s : whife, witli faint traces of waved ochreous lines ; a dark bi-own basal
patch, with outer edge vertical and faintly waved ; a triangular brown patch on middle
of co.sta, the apex blunt and reaching the median vein ; a small brown costal patch
before apex ; fringe white.

irin<lininr/.s : white, witli a minute dark discal spot.

Head and thorax dark brown; abdomen greyish white. Underside of forewings
dull grey, of hindwings ]ialer; both wings with a d.nrk cell-dot.

( IL'l )

Kxiianse of wings : d , 24 nun. : ? , 28 mm.

Both sexes from the Khasias.

In one ? the submarginal line of foie\ving.s is distinct, wavy throughout, with
(he marginal area beyond it clouded with grey and the marginal line grey; and the
hindwing is greyish, with a darker spot at anal angle.

Subfamily TEPH ROCI.YSTINAE.

Aetheolepis gen. nov.

(?. Foreiiniigs : exaggerated, very broad ; costa curved throughout ; ajjox rounded ;
hindmai'gin obliquely curved, inner miu-gin straight ; both equal in length.

Hindwi'iu/s : very small, triangular ; co.<ta arched ; apex strongly rounded ; anal
angle rounded, but somewhat i)roduced.

Forewings clothed with ordinary scales ; hindwings with their base covered with
dense papillae ; the central area iride.scent and very finely scaled ; the marginal area
clothed witii a mealy efflorescence; no fringe except at anal angle on inner margin.
Underside of forewings iridescent on inner half; in the hindwings the whole area
except just abo\e the costal vein is clothed with dense overlapping broad square-
tipped scales. Palpi fairly long, porrect, rostriform. Antennae simple.

Neuration of forewings like Chlorodystis, and probably of the hindwings also.
Hind tibiae with four .spurs, the median pair very short and near to the end [lair.

Type : Arlheolepis papulosa sp. nov.

59. Aetheolepis papillosa sp. nov.

Foveicinijs : pale green, crusseJ by numerous irregularly wavy fuscous lines;
several near base form a darker basal ai-ea ; two from about the middle of co.sta are
curved outward round the discal line and form tlie edge of the usual central fascia,
while two or three more dose together form a confused subterminal line; a darker
shade at anal angle; all the lines thicker and darker on inner margin: fringe
gi-eenish.

IIiii(hi'ini/K : with I 111' pajiillae at base grev-green, the efflorescence along the
bindniavgin dull reddish brown.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish. Underside of forewings pinkish cinereous,
the inner half pearly ; .scales of hindwings dull brownish.

Plxpanse of wings : HO mm.

A few from the Khasias.

(>u. Chlorodystis nigroviridata sp. nov.

Foreivings : bright green ; basal patch black ; central fascia with the inner edge
broadly curved from costa to middle, thence straight, its outer edge with a conical
projection below the upper radial, a blunt elbow on third median, thence running
oblique inwards and waved; the whole of the middle of the fascia is overrun by the
green ground-colour, so that it appears to consist of two irregular black fasciae, of
which the outer isobsolete in its lower half except for the black waved outline ; l)o;h
inner and outer margins are finely edged with white ; submarginal line represented
by a black costal blotch and two small black spots below it, the rest of the line being
faintly white ; fringe rufous grey, chequered with dark grey, and with traces of a
dark basal line.

( 125 )

ffi.ndwinf/s : glossy grey, with tracps of n snbinarginal anrl margiiiiil I'lirvpfl
hand; fringes as in forewings.

l[pafl, thorax, and abdomen green. Underside whitish grey, mottlerl witii dari<er;
tlie fringes \ellowish, with dark grey mottlings.

Expanse of wings : '22 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

01. Tephroclystia biviridata sp. nov.

Forr}i<iiif/s : with basal and marginal areas delicate pale green; median area
purple-brown ; a curved tine black line close to base, with a blackish costal sjiot a
little beyond ; inner edge of central fascia slightly curved above, straight below ;
outer edge bulged in middle, and there with neat denticulations ; obli(jue inwards
below the costa and sinuous above inner m.u'gin ; both edges are finely black ; within
the fascia can be traced a median thick wavy dark band, and two more towards the
outer edge; cell-spot distinct, black; submarginal line darker green, cicnticnlate ;
fringe green, with a line of fine black dashes at base.

Hindivings : glossy pale grey at base, then smoky grey with a purplish tinge,
and finely green along the hindmargin ; fringe and fringe-line as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen green. Underside duller green, with the markings
and snft'usion dark grey.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

One cJ from the Khasias.

OuagTOdes gen. nov.

Foreivincjs: short and broad; costa straight, convex at apex, which is br(>a<ily
rounded ; hindmai'gin strongly curved ; inner margin short.

Hindivings : with both angles and hindmargin strongly rounded.

Antennae of <? simple, annulated : palin [lorrect, reaching beyond face; second
joint hairy; third pointed, drooping.

Neuration: cells very short. P'orewings with first median from two-thirds, curved
at origin towards inner margin ; second from close before lower angle of cell ; third
from angle ; lower radial from centre, upper from upper angle of cell ; all five sub-
costals stalked, the fifth leaving first, the first, second, and third at ecpial intervals
running shortly into costal margin, the foiu'th into the rounded apex, tliird and fourth
widely separate and concave to each other. Hindwings with costal anastomosing for
two-thirds of cell ; the two subcostals stalked ; discocellular angulated, the radial from
the slioulder of the angulation; second median well before the lower angle of cell ;
first at two-thirds, straight at its origin. The forewings have a roundish patch of
smooth ochreous scales above and below the origin of the second median on the
underside; the hindwings have a similar patch on the upperside, visible also beneatli,
between the two subcostals shortly after their i)oint of separation. Scaling rough
and lax.

Tyj)e.- Owifjrodes ohsotrata sp. nov.

62. Onagrodes obscurata sp. nov.

Forewings: dull smoky brown, with no distinct markings; a paler spot on costa
at one-third and two-thirds seems to denote the origin of the first and second line
respectively.

( 120 )

Hindtvings : the samo, with tho orhieous patch of scales strongly marked.

Underside the same, but duller : on the forewings the pale origin of the two lines
is more distinct towards the costa, the second showing a dark line downi the centre
of the pale fascia ; the ochreous patch plain. Head, thorax, and abdomen, as well as
fringes, all smoky lirown.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Three (J<J fi-om the Khasias.

In a fresher esamjile lately received the course of the usual pale lines across the
forewings is more visible, and the whoh> ground-colour of both wings is decidedly
paler.

Sesquiptera gen. nov.

(J. \ development of C7//oi'oc///.s?('.y, wit li which it agrees in the forewings, but the
hindwings are reduced in size and shape; the costa is rounded, and cui-ves into the
hindmargin, and this again into the inner margin, so that the wing, which is not
more than one-half the width of the forewings, has no angles; tiie inner margin is
bounded by vein 2. The whole outer half of the wing is clothed with a thick mealy
efflorescence in place of scales, as in the genus Aiiheolepis Warr.

Neuration of hindwings: costal anastomosing with subcostal Ibr three-fourths
of cell; the two subcostals from upper end of cell; the discocellular obliiiue; radial
from the centre ; third median from lower end of cell ; second and first at ei|ual
distances before the end.

Type : Sesquiptera inaeqitata sj). nov.

03. Sesquiptera inaequata sp. nov.

Foreivings: dull green, with the central fascia blackish, its inner edge curved
and wavy, its outer edge acutely angled outwards below the costa ; traces of a basal
dark line, and of wavy lines in the marginal area; fringe greenish, with black basal
line.

IIin(hviwjs : pale green at base; the efflorescence reddish olive-green.

Underside dirt}' greenish, with indi.stinct markings. Head, thorax, and abdnmen
green, with an olive tinge: two thin black lines at base of abdomiii,

Exjianse of wings : 20 mm.

One 6 from the Khasias.

Gymuopera gen. nov.

Another development of Chlorocli/stis, idlied to Sesquiptera and AiHheolepis.
The 6 hindwings are rounded, and a]ipear jnifty, being clothed above with coarse
mealy scales, which towards the hindmargin are developed into a fine suberect
efflorescence ; the hindmargin itself is thickened, and there are no ve.stiges of fringe ;
the inner margin, and al.so vein 2, are clothed with long pale curved liairs. On the
underside of the forewings of the S the area below the median vein is clothed with
thick green hairlike scales. The underside of hindwings is clothed with the ordinary
tine scaling.

Neuration. of hindwings : costal anastomosing with subcostal for half tlie cell,
then curving away vertically and reaching tlie costal margin just beyond the middle;
the two subcostals shortly stalked; discocellular twice angulated, the radial from the
lower angulation ; first median at one-half, second at five-sixths, third IVoni angle of
cell.

Tyi>e : Gymnopcra ruhroviridis sp. nov,

( 1-^' )

(i4. Gymuopera rubroviridis sp. nov.

?. ForewiiKjs : pale green, almost whitish, with darker green transverse lines and
fasciae ; the edge of Isasal area denoted liy a green line ; central fascia witli a broad
green fascia on its inner edge, with three other green stripes only plain along the
costa, becoming tliinuer towards inner margin, where the whitish green ground-
colour predominates ; submarginal line double, fine green, starting from a large
green subapical blotch ; marginal line green, interrupted, consisting of subcoutiguous
blotches ; throughout the cell the green lines become rosy ; fringe whitish green,
with darker green chequering.

Hindwings : whitish ochreous, becoming pale green towards hindmargin, with
a paler submarginal band.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous (? green when fresh). Underside dull
whitish green, with the markings hardly indicated.

c? like ¥ in the forewings ; the hindwings without markings, pale ilirty green,
thickly clothed with deep green mealy scales in the centre, which towards hindmargin
become more olive, finer, and suberect ; costal area whiter, without scales ; no fringes,
but the hindmargin thickened; inner margin and the marginal area clothed with
long pale greenish hairs. Underside of hindwings scaleless, smooth ; underside of
forewings below the median vein clothed with a bed of dull green rough scales.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

A pair from the Kliasias.

SriiFAMiLY OUEAPTERYGINAK.

(io. Ourapteryx modesta sp. nov.

Foreivinrjs : whitish, semi-transparent, the whole surfiice rendered somewhat
sordid owing to the numerous short trausverse strigae and freckles ; costa yellowisli,
with very short blackish dots and strigae ; lines and fringes reddish fuscous ; first
line fine, straight, from one-third of costa to middle of inner margin; a fine vertical
diseal line at end of cell; exterior line slightly concave outwards from three-fourths
of costa to inner margin at five-sixths.

Hlndwiags : with a thin brown straight line from top end of discocellular
towards anal angle; fringes becoming redder on either side of the acute tail, before
which, on the upperside, are some diffuse black scales, containing a small triangular
brick-red spot. The inner vein is pale brown, and the region of the anal angle is
filled with dull grey speckling.

Head, thorax, and abdomen, with underside and legs, pure white; anleimae,
palpi, and face drab brown. Underside of wings simple, white; tlie costa of fore-
wings dusted with dark dots; the fringes dark brownish red.

Expanse of wings : 5(i mm.

One J from S. .Ia\ a.

Subfamily SC.M; I ).\ Mil XAE.

• <i(i. Scardamia rectilinea sp. nov.
ForcMmigs : deep orange, with darker transverse strigae ; costa broadly brown-
black; transverse lines brown-black; the first oblique outwards, slightly bent on the
median, and running in basewards along the costal streak; the second al lliree-

( 128 )

fourths, quite straight from costa to inner margin; the second is edged outwardly
and the first inwardly by a fine line of metallic scales; discal spot linear, brown;
a series of metallic dashes close to hindmargin lietween the veins ; fringes concolorous.

IliiuUvinrjs : with a round cell-spot, and a nearly straight exterior line at
two-thirds.

Thorax and abdomen orange-red, the latter with a black s]iot above first segment ;
face and vertex red ; palpi dull orange ; antennae black. I'nderside dull greyish
yellow, with the markings dull rcd-lirowii.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

This form ai)pears restricted to tlir Klia-ia Hills, and exhibits no variation
whatever in the direction of the typical mclidlarin ami its dilTerent fonn.s.

Sim AMii.v Dl'll.l.MI.N.VK.

()7. Heterostegania denticulosa sp. nov.

Forewinrjx : yellowish ochreous, washed with deeper yellow and tawny fuscous,
and thickly sprinkled with coarse fuscous atoms; the cosia blotched and spotted
with fuscous grey; first line dark fuscous at one-third, curved and forming angles
outwards on the subcostal, median, and submedian veins, the angle on the median
containing a distinct white spot, that on the submedian a white dot; cell-spot black;
exterior line at five-sixths, curved parallel to hindmargin, and consisting of a very
regular series of curves between the veins, preceded by a broad grey-brown fascia,
which runs in along the median vein as far as the cell-spot, thence to inner margin
at middle, the inner edge conca\-e between the veins ; marginal area mostly grey-
brown, and connected with the fascia, except towards costa; a dai-ker brown oblique
shade from apex to outer line; fringe grey-brown, with darker patches opposite the
veins; the space immediately beyond the discal spot is paler yellow, with \cry few-
brown atoms.

Hindivingn : with whole outer half grey-biown, the basal half yellowish much
dusted and varied with fuscous; cell-si)ot black ; the outer line like that on fon'wings:
fringe rufous, with pale ajiices.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; vertex, base of antennae, and upper
jiart of face yellow: lower part of face lila<'ki,-h. rnderside like upper, bvit greyer
and duller.

Expan.se of wing.s : 40 — 44 mm.

Both .«exes from the Khasias.

08. Orthobrachia latifasciata Moore, ab. flavidior nov.

Both wings with the u^ual ^t^nv-(■(||()ln■('d trround orauifc-tintcd, with deeper
orange striae and witliont any grey suffusion ; the median area of forcwiiig no darker
than the rest of the wing; the exterior line generally straighter; line at lia^e of
fringe orange.

1 have only seen ? ? of this form; but the 6 S probably vary in the same
ways.

(ii>. Orthobrachia particolor sp. uov.
Fm'etvinfja : dull pale chestnut, with a few darker specks and a minute black
cell-dot ; first line dark brown, blunt Iv angled below costa, then straight and oblicjue to
inner margin <at one-fifth; basjil area within this line cream-colour, with some brown

( lai' )

atoms; an irregularly rounded costal subapiciil blotch of the same cream-colour, with
some dark brown atoms, densest in the middle ; the blotch outlined with dark brown ;
fringe concolorous with ground-colour, with tine dark brown line at base; no trace
of any exterior line.

Hlndwiwjs: with extreme base cream-colour, bounded by a brown line; second
line sinuous, crenulated ; cell-spot dark brown ; central area and outer area from apex
to the second subcostal dull chestnut-browii, like the forewiug ; rest of marginal area
cream-colour, with dark brown specks and tlie outer veins darker, esi)ecially near the
second line; basal line of fringe dark brown; fringe ci'eam-colour, with chestnut-
brown marks at ends of veins, and wholly chestnut below apex.

Head, thorax, and anal segments of abdomen cream-colour ; rest of abdomen
chestnut. Underside of forewings ochreous, dusted with dark brown and tinged
towards hindmargin with reddish; apical blotch cream-colour as above; the first line
dark brown. Hindwings ochreous hardly tinged with reddish, with cell-spot and
outer line indicated.

Expanse of wings : .34 mm.

¥ ? only from the Khasia Hills.

7ii. Parasyueg'ia atomaria sp. no\.

Forewiiii/K : sandy yellow, mottled and suffused with deeper yellow, and dusted
in piarts with fuscous ; costa thickly dusted with fuscous ; first line not visilile ; second
indicated only by dark vein-spots and dark fuscous dusting within them, followed
by a slightly paler fascia of ground-colour ; subterminal line e(iually obscure,
indicated mainly by the darker tint and fuscous dusting on either side of it ; a row
of small black dots along hindmargin between the veins; fringe concolorous; a
distinct black cell-dot.

lliiiiitrhu/s: the same.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. Face, palpi, and antennae
reddish brown. Underside paler, dull straw-colour, with more confused mottlings
and indications of two irregular blotched curved fasciae on both wings.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

Two c? d from the Khasias.

71. Syntaracta maculosata sp. nov.

Formvlw)s : yellow, dusted with coarse orange atoms; the three lines as usual in
the genus ; the first below the median irregularly clouded with leaden grey ; the
second below the median followed by a broad leaden grey fascia reaching to the
submarginal line ; this latter indistinct, followed opposite the I'cU by a small leaden
grey blotch, and below the median by a larger one ; costa and marginal spots leaden
grey ; fringe yellow, faintly chequered with grey oppasite the spots.

Hlndiui iifjii : like forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomfii yellow, s]]ol(('d with orange; collar leaden grev ;
underside dull shaw-colour, willi all I lie markings dull.

In the 6 all ti'aces of the lirst two lines are absent, and the leaden grey blotches
and fascia are edged throughout with orange; the costa is dark only at the extreme
edge, and tl.c marginal spots are wholly absent.

( 1:^0 )

Expanse of wings : S, 34 mm. ; ? , ,38 mm.

A pair from the Khasias.

'I'he insect has a superficial resemblance to ramsynegut lidderdalii.

T2. Borbacha pardaria parviscripta suhsp. nov.

Smaller than pardaria Guen., with all the markings thinner and finer ; not con-
sisting of broad grey luuules edged with reddish, but of reddish grey or orange lines
formed of narrow contiguous lunules ; forewings with a large grey spot towards costa,
oblii^uely beyond the cell-spot ; cell-spots of both wings blackish,' small.

Kxpanse of wings : :]2 mm.

One d from S. Java.

Subfamily iUi.VCCINAE.
"■". Bordeta tricolor sp. no\'.

Foreivings : black, with three white blotches edged with grey; one oblique, oval,
elongated, just before middle of wing, from subcostal to submedian fold, directed
towards anal angle; the second and third smaller, with irregular edges, Iving one
above the other in a line parallel to the first, the third, which is the smallest, being
near the centre of the hindmargin ; fringe black.

Hindiidngs: yellow, with the base, the co.sta narrowly, and a broad marginal
band black ; in this marginal band is a large yellow straggling blotch from near the
.costa to two-thirds of hindmargin, separated from the yellow basal portion of the wing
by a naiTow margin of black.

Head and thorax black; collar whitish; abdomen yellow, with black segmental
rings ; underside like upper, the black not so deep ; legs and antennae dark fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 60 mm.

S ? from Humboldt Bay, New Guinea.

SuHF.v.MiLY ABIJAXINAK.

71. Abraxas unisinuata sp. nov.

? . Wings silky white.

Fm-ewings : with basal one-sixth yellow, edged and spotted with blackish; costa
slenderly black towards base, then irregularly spotted with black ; two exterior rows
of elongated blackish spots, slightly sinuous, the inner of the two rows forming a
blotch on costa ; a blackish spot beyond discocellular, another in the cell, and a few
scattered irregularly below it ; hindmargin with fringe narrowly blackish, with some
small round spots contiguous, and two or three smaller, before the apex, unconnected.

Uindiviiujs : with fringe blackish and a single curved row of round spots.
Opposite the cell, the hindmargin is very perceptibly indented.

Head, face, and thorax yellow; abdomen yellow, spotted with black; antennae
black. Underside like ujiper.

As is fre(|uently the case with Abraxas, the markings of the two wings are not
symmetrical.

Expanse of wings : 50 mm.

One ? from Java.

( 1^1 )

Subfamily AS('( »TINAE.

75. Alcis (?) fuscibrunnea sp- nov.

ForcAiyiiKjs : dull brownish wood-colour, suft'used with dingy fuscous anil blackish ;
the markings indistinct; first line at one-third, outwardly curved and wavy to iiuier
margin at one-fourth, where it is more distinct and geminated ; second line from
two-thirds of costa, wavy and slightly dentate to inner margin in the middle, here
appearing geminated like the first ; submarginal line very faint, but edged internally
by a brown dentate shade ; traces of a dusky fuscous suffusion beyond second line oppo-
site the cell, and a dark brown triangular blotch on the hindmargin below the apex.

Hindtvings : the same, but the first line not visible, and the second only on the
inner half of the wing.

Head, tliorax, and abdomen dark fuscous ; anal segment of abdomen i)ale. L'uder-
side dingy grey, with dull fuscous markings ; the cell-spots black and distinct, but
small.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

A good series from Newcastle, Jamaica.

Fovea absent ; 10 and 11 stalked, 11 auustuniosing with 12. and Id coimeclcd by
bar with stem of 8 and 9, just after the origin of 7.

7fi. Alcis orbifer sp. nov.

Forermwjs : pale reddish fuscous, with dark fuscous atoms and suffusion ; costa
irregularly black marked ; the origin of the lines indicated by spots at one-third, one-
half, and two-thirds ; subterminal line pale, denticulated, with darker scaling on
either side ; exterior line indicated only by black vein-dashes; base of wing dusted
with blackish ; no distinct cell-spot ; fringe concolorous, with elongated black .spots
along the base.

Ilinchvings : with a broad straight diffuse line near base ; a large rountl discal
spot, followed by a broad curved blackish second line, which approximates to first
line on inner margin ; a large irregular black patch at apex, and another smaller at
anal angle, leaving the middle of the marginal space paler, like the disc ; submarginal
line pale, denticulated, indistinct ; fringe as in forewings.

Head and thorax concolorous ; abdomen much markeil witli fuscous ; face blackish.
Underside dull cinereous, with fuscous markings; outer line clearly denticulate on
both wings.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

77. Alois squamosa sp. nov.

c?. Forewimjs : dull fuscous, speckled with lighter and darker -rales, which give
the insect a rough appearance ; fovea large and prominent ; costa sijeckled with black,
and the lines blackish, but ill-defined ; first at one-third, curved, and marked more on
the veins; exterior at (wo-thirds, from a dark coslal spul, denticulate, but marked
chiefly on the veins ; a curved central line between them, passing over I he largish
but ill-defined blackish discal spot; submarginal pale, indistinct, preceded on co.sta
and opposite cell by blacker patches, and again at anal angle, where the line itself

( i:^^ )

forms :i whitish sjiot ; fiinge concoloroiis, with rather large blackish sjiots at the eiul
of the vein:*.

Hindwings : with a scaleless semihvaliue ^latch at base ; iudistiuct aiitciiiediaii,
denticulate jMstmedian, and interrupted submarginal lines ; discal spot blackish,
diflfuse.

J lead, thorax, and abdomen concolorous. Underside dull cinereous; the costa
ochreous, spotted with darker ; all the markings dull blackish.

Expanse of wings : cJ, 32 mm. ; ? , 40 mm.

A few from the Khasias.

Closely allied to, but quite distinct from, the preceding species.

7y. Calicha (?) minima sj.. uov.

Foreidngs: fuscous ochreous, slightly pink-tinged, and suffused and striated
with dark cinereous fuscous; first line at one-fourth, curved on subcostal, and running
in to the inner mai-gin at one-sixth, just beyond tlie prominent fovea ; exterior line
at tliree-fourths, wavy, sinuous outwards in midwing, then incurved, and finally
vertical to inner margin just beyond middle; the included space dark cinereous,
except along costa, which is striated with darker ; an obscure central dark shade is
just visible in the centre, curved outwards round the blacki.sh cell-sjiot ; the exterior
line is edged outwardly and the basal line inwardly with paler, most distinctly on
the two margins; marginal area mottled with cinereous, with an interrupted ob.scure
submarginal line, which is enlarged towards costa and forms an elongate pinkish
blotch with two dark blotches above it ; fringe mottled pale and dark, with darker
basal line.

Hindwiiiijs: the same, but darker cinereous ; an ohsciire pinky ochreous blotch
at anal angle.

Head, abdomen, and thorax dull fuscous, darker mottled. Underside dingy
cinereous, with the markings all indicated.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from the Khasias.

This sjiecies is hardly congeneric with Calicha rctralieiis, Init I he lirst two
subcostals are, as in it, coincident.

Diplurodes gen. nov.

Akin to I'aralcis Warr. and Prorhinia Warr. ; agreeing with the former in
the short button-shaped third joint of the palpi ; but characterised especially by a
pair of thick lateral tufts of scales from the middle of the abdomen, which project
so as nearly to meet above; anal segment ahso tufted; fovea of hindwing of <?
))artially protected by a flat sheath of shining scales; in other resjjects like
Prorkmia.

Type : Diplurodes vestita sj). uov.

79. Diplurodes vestita sp. nov.

Fwewini/fi : greyi.sh ochreous, suli'iisril with fuscous and dark grey throughout
the basal and marginal areas, and .striated with blackish; first line blackish, twice
bent, and nearer base on inner margin than on costa, where it starts from a blackish
spot ; the line is preceded by a dark tawny fuscous shade ; discal spot black, followed
immediately by a .somewhat obscure central line, also rising from a dark costal spot,

{ v.y.i )

and becoming irregularly wavy towards inner margin; exterior line at two-thirds,
from a costal spot, forms a small but very distinct sinus outwards opposile the cell,
enclosing a round white spot, then runs inwards and forms a shallower sinus below
the median, thence vertically wavy to the inner margin close to the central shade;
this line is followed, as the first line is jireceded, by a tawny fuscous sliade ; sub-
marginal line pale, denticulate, preceded by a blackish costal blotch and more or
less margined with blackish throughout ; a darker shading on each side opposite (he
cell, and a lilaekish blotch below the sinus of the exterior line; IVinge whullv
fuscous, with black dots at base between the veins.

Hindimngs : with base whitish ; a thick blackish olili(pie liasal line to niiddlr
of inner margin; a curved subdentate line beyond the dark cell-spot, followed
immediately, as in forewing, by a tawny fuscous shade; a sulxleutate submarginal
line.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, mottled with darker; vertex paler, without
mottlings. Underside smooth, glossy, dull ochreons grey ; with the basal and
marginal areas fuscous, and the lines darker.

Expanse of wings : oO mm.

One 6 from the Khasias.

Superficially much like a large PsUalcis inceptaria.

Enantiodes gen. nov.

Like Aids, but with the 6 antennae not pectinated, but with fascicles of cilia,
the joints strongly angled ; the patagia roughly scaled, and the metathorax with a
strong tuft of coarse scales; forewings of c? with fovea; hind tibiae thickened and
with a tuft of hair. In the forewings the first and second subcostals are free, and
the other three stalked.

Type : Enantiodes stcliifeni sji. nov.

8(1. Enantiodes stellifera sp. nov.
Forewliii/s : reddish brown, sutfusnl and (lu>ted with fuscous along costa and
hindniargin ; the lines blackish, starting from lilack costal spots; first at one-fourth,
iuigulated on subcostal, then oblique and straiglit to inner margin near base ; a black
curved diseal spot; median line vertical to middle of cell, then oblique and straight
to middle of inner margin ; outer line at three-fourths, strongly dentate, excurved
in middle, incurved below and reaching inner margin quite close to median line ;
submarginal line formed by a curved row of black somewhat irregular lunular spots,
edged outwardly with white; that lietween the second and third medians replaced
by a round white spot ; a row of shallow black triangles along margin ; fringi;
concolorous.

Hindwinys : less red; a central curved dark line passing over the black diseal
spot; i)ostmedian line regularly curved and strongly dentate; submarginal line and
fringe as in forewings; the veins of both wings are rather bright ochreous, .s[)otted
with black.

Head, thorax, and abilomcn <lark fu.scou.s, the abdomen mixed with reddish
scales. Underside dull cinereou;., with all the lines ob.scurely darker; costa of
forewings pale ochreous, .spotted and marked with black ; the pale spot in the
submarginal line indistinct.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One cJ from the Khasias.

10

( i:i4 )

SI. Ephemerophila costistrigata sp. nov.

Forewinga: pale ochveous, varied towards hindniargin witli olive and fulvous
shades : the lines pale fulvous ; the eosta fuscous, marked with blackish ; first line
jmle fulvous, double, biangulated as usual, the upper angle beneath costa becoming
(lark fuscous; exterior line thin, fulvous, preceded by a thicker more diflfuse fulvous
central line; the end of the exterior line forms a long dark fuscous subcostal streak,
runninc Iia.sewards so as nearly to touch the upper dark tooth of the first line ; it is
followed bv a broad grevish olive fascia, which is more distinct above, where it
extends from the apex along the hindmargin to the elbow; from the elbow to the
anal angle is a fulvous suffusion, separated from th<> olive liand by a jiale ochreous
sitaco : fi-inge pale ochreous, varied witli fulvous, altogether fulvous towards apex.

Jdndvimgn: ochreous, crossed by numerous fuscous olive streaks ; a dark fascia
close to base, and a diffuse one beyond middle; a broad submarginal olive fuscous
band, limited internally by a dark line; the hindniargin fulvous and ochreous; fringe
as in forewings.

Thorax and abdomen ochreous, mottled with fulvous ; collar and head darker,
mixed with fuscous. Underside pale ochreous grey, much mottled with coarse
blackish atoms; both wings with a black cell-spot , and a broad olive-grey submarginal
fascia, the inner edge of which is marked by a row of black spots on the veins;
marginal area of lx)th wings below the middle ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

Two or three c? cj from the Khasias.

Distinguished by the pale ochreous ground-colour and almost obsolete lines.

82. Ephemerophila serpeutinaria ^>. nov.

Forewings: ochreous fawn-colour, suffused in parts with pinkish and grcpnish,
and towards the hindmargin with dull red-brown; first line exactly as in Immemria
Moore, but very distinct and velvety black, the inner arm being vinous ; space
included between this line and the base hoary glaucous with a few black atoms, the
costal region pinkish ochreous ; the .second line, instead of being, as in humei-aria,
a continuous line, is marked only by black vein-.spots, with here and there a thin
black thread between: area between the lines, as far as the median from the inner
margin pinkish fawn-colour, above the median much mixed with dull green; marginal
area clouded with dull reddish brown; above the anal angle is an iiregular blotch of
olive-green and blackish scales; fringe concolorous, with no dark liasal line; cell-s[)ot
round, black.

Hindwings: with the basal two-thirds pale pinkish ochreous, varied with a
number of longish transxerse grey or fuscous striae, which in places become laterally
confluent, and about the middle form an irregular straight fascia ; exterior line,
instead of being simple, as in hmneraria, consists of a series of distinct lunules from
vein to vein, the line being denticulate outwards on the veins; marginal area dark
wood-brown, with a paler pinkish ochreous space from anal angle along liindmargin
to the tooth at end of third median.

Abdomen ochreous, with brown .segmental rings; patagia and thorax glaucous,
like the basal space of forewings; collar and face vinous brown; vertex and base of
collar pinkish ochreous. Underside pale stone-colour, with scattered fuscous mottlings,
and a more or less distinct wood-brown marginal fascia on each wing, strongest towards

( r.^5 )

the apex, and becoming paler along tlie iiuirgin towards llip anal angle; cell-sjiots
distinct in both wings, but small.

Distinguished from kumeraria, by the coloured tints, hiimerarin being entirely
fuscous; by the absence of the traiisverse striae with which that species is covered;
by the difference in the outer line of lioth wings; and in particular by the ditt'crent
outline of the forewings, which have a marked elbow a( the end of the tliinl iniMlian
and less regularly crenulate hindinargin.

Expanse of wings : GG mm.

Many S d from the Khasias.

Taken apparently as commonly as kumeraria Moore, and at the same time ol'
year, in February and March ; Init a comparison of two series seems (|uite to precludr
any idea of their being forms of one and the same species.

8.S. Hemerophila trilineata sp. nov.

Forewimjs : pale wood-colour, the costa broadly suffused with fuscous olive and
finely dusted with black atoms; first line, as usual, double and acutely angulated on
either side of the black cell-spot, brown-black filled in with redilish ; exterior line
the same, double only as far as the angulation before the ajjcx, where the inner line
is acutely retracted, and again bluntly angulated before the costa ; marginal space
dusted like the costa, blackish from third median to fifth subcostal ; fringes like the
margin ; in the pale central space between the two lines a third less distinct red-
brown line runs parallel to the others, fading out before the costa.

Hiniliuiiyia : darker, suifused with fuscous and covered with fuscous strigae; a
black line close to base; a straight red-brown central shade and another submarginal;
marginal sjjace from anal angle to third median of the pale ground-colour, with a
few darker clouds ; a small black cell-spot.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish ochreous, mottled with darker; metathorax
brown ; palpi and face mixed with brown. I'nderside pale straw-colour, with indistinct
markings.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

A considerable number from the Khasias.

84. Lassaba tephrosiaria sp. nov.

Fori>ivii>(/s : dull pale ochn-ous, tinged with greenish, this hue being caused by
a s[irinkling oF diffuse coarse olive freckles; the lines darker, olive or fuscous olive;
each appearing geminated, the second arm being paler than the first, and sinuous
outwards above and below the median vein; first line before one-third, oblique from
the costa to inner margin at one-fourth ; th(> outer arm indi.stinct, liut forming a
dark dot on median and submedian ; second line central; the sinuses of the outer
arm distinct; third line at three-fourths, suIkIi'hI ale and darker, slightly ciu'ved,
forming dark spots on veins, those on second and thinl median nervules coalescent ;
the outer arni similar but paler, and forming a dark fuscous grey blotch from second
to tliii'd median; submarginal line pale, denticulate, margined on both sides with
darker, and with a small dark blotch opposite the cell ; hindmargin and fringes wavy ;
a series of dark blotches between the veins, extending into the paler fringes.

II i iidivriifjs : the same, without the basal line; a small dark cell-sjiol in both
wings.

Head, lliorax, ami abilomen cuncoldrons. I'liderside dingv st raw-coloui', with

( Kif; )

the niottliiigs and lines more distinct, diuk fuscous; an ifregular lluck exterioi fascia
is more distinct on forewings.

Kxpanse of wings : 40 mm.

One J from the Kliasias.

.Superficially resembling an Ectropis.

80. Paralcis nifaria sp. nov.

Forewiiifjs : pale ochreous suffused with fulvous, and with very fine transverse
black striae; the central area dark grey, becoming blackish below the median vein;
the antemedian and postmedian lines whitish, the former curved at oue-fourth, the
latter wavy and denticulate from two-thirds of costa to just beyond middle of inner
margin ; the dark central area formiug black dashes on the veins along its edges, and
with an oblique black line along the median nervure and first median nervule ; cell-
spot black ; submarginal line indistinct, wavy, pale, jireceded and followed by dark
fuscous and fulvous patches ; fringe fulvous, with a darker line at base.

Hhuhrings : with the base whitish, the rest of the wings fulvous, the central
area slightly greyer, with the lines only indicated by black dashes ; cell-spot large,
blackish ; fringe fulvous, with shallow black lunules along the base.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous dusted with fuscous; basal segment of
abdomen with a white ring. Underside pale ochreous, with fuscous strigae and black
cell-spots; both wings with a broad dark marginal band.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One (? from the Khasias.

Superficially like Poecilalcis latifusckUa Warr. and Gaaterocome eut'yzona
Hmpsn.

86. Paralcis subochrea sp. nov.

Fwewings : greyish white, much suii'used and dusted with fuscous and black
atoms; the lines starting fi'om dark costal spots; first at one-fourth, curved, marked
by three linear black dashes, on subcostal, median, and subniedian veins, preceded
by a rusty shade ; second line at one-half, curved outwards beyond the dark cloudy
discal spot, then straight to inner margin; followed by a rusty shade ; exterior line
at three-fourths, denticulate, the teeth black on the veins, followed immediatelv by
a fine pale .space, and then by a denticulate rusty line ; submarginal line pale, wavy,
denticulate, preceded by three geminate dark blotches, one costal, the second
opposite the cell, the third above anal angle; space beyond ferruginous fuscous;
fringes chequered dark and light fuscous, with a row of black spots along base.

llindivings : the same, but with no central line.

Thorax and abdomen whitish grey, mottled with darker; metathorax dark grey ;
vertex and front of collar dull rusty. Underside dull ochreous yellowish, with
cinereous suflfusion towards base, and a broad blackish fascia, which partially fades
towards anal angle of hindwings.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One (J from the Khasias.

87. Phthonandria (?) conjunctiva sp. nov.
Forewings: reddish fuscous, with dark fuscous sufl'usion and mottlings ; the
lines blackish; first at one-third, twice angled and towards inner margin geminated ;
second from costa at two-thirds, inwanlly olili(jue parallel to liindiiiargiM, denliculate

( i:;7 )

and wavy, reaching inner margin in middle, after forming an angnlation outward-^
on the submedian vein, and connected by a black dash with the first line along the
submedian fold ; between the two is a curved black central line; the second line is
followed by a dark shade; submarginal line blackish, interrupted, with some white
dashes externally below eosta ; an ill-defined dark shade on hindmargin below apex,
connected below with the second line ; fringe eoncolorous, with black dots at end of
veins.

Hiiidvjimjs : with a straight antemedian and lather curved postmedian line,
with black cell-spot between thetu ; submarginal line indicated by black white-tii)ped
spots.

Head, thora.x, and abdomen eoncolorous. Underside dull brown, with darker
markings.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

A single ? from the Khasias.

The example described is a ? with slightly pectinated antennae: whether if is
really congeneric with iiti'iliiieata Butler, the fyiie of PkUionaiidria, is, I think,
doubtful.

88. Racotis boarmiaria tiuen. ab. sordida nov.

Wings dull dirty olive, with the ordinary markings a shade darker and very
indistinct ; cell-spot and basal area of forewings with some scattered red-brown scales ;
fringe eoncolorous.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dull olive. L uderside as in typical species.

The example, a J, is in perfect condition, and the dull blurred appearance is
quite natural, and not, as at first sight might be suspected, the result of exjjosure
or bleaching.

89. Sinameda intricata sp. nov.

Fureiviiii/s : [lale straw-colour, with dark fuscous atoms; the lines and all the
markings dark fuscous; basal line at one-fourth, curved, double, difi'u.se, the two
branches irregularly connected ; costa from base to first line fuscous ; central spot
oblong, dark fuscous; a fuscous blotch on costa above it, touching it, and curved
round it externally, meeting a fuscous streak above the median vein from first line to
outer line, and continued in a straight line with the discal mark to touch the exterior
line ; exterior line from costa at two-thirds, running nearly parallel to hindmargin,
and bent in below costa ; marginal space beyond filled in with fuscous, leaving patches
of jjale ground-colour at apex, below middle of hindmargin, and at anal angle : a thick
fuscous basal fringe-line; fringe straw-colour, chequered with dark fuscous.

Hindivings : with a thick basalline at one-third, dark cell-spot, double dentate
postmedian line, and irregular marginal shade, all fuscous.

Head, face, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour, the iibdomeu with some fuscous
mottlings. Underside the same.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

Both sexes from the Khasias.

!?li!K.\MiLV FH)(»N11N.\1':.

90. Chiasmia maculata sp. nov.

Forewinrjn: straw-colonr, sparsely ducted with blackish atoms; costa blackish
near base ; lines pale yellow, starling from blackish costal blotclies, and more or less

( 138 )

dusted witli hliicki.sh atoms; first neai- base, very indistinct, the costal Ijlolch being
(juite small ; a larger costal blotch near middle above the blackish discal sjiot, and a
smaller one beyond; from each of these can be traced a curved yellowish line; the
two lines approximating below the discal six>t are lost in a large curved blackish
blotch in middle of inner niai'gin ; a fourth blackish costal spot stands shortly before
apex ; a marginal Itlotch below apex, and a collection of blackish atoms at anal angle ;
fringe pale straw-colour, with some dark mottlings towards apex and at anal angle.

Hiiidwini/s : with a minute cell-spot; two pale yellow curved central linos, and
the three marginal dark blotches as on forewings ; fringes wholly straw-colour.

Ifead, face, thorax, and abdomen concolorous. Underside yellower, with dark
fuscous strigae, and the dark markings indicated, but not plainly.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

In some numbers from the Khasias.

Allied to C. strujala Warr.

Chiasmiodes gen. nov.

Forewings : more elongate than in L'hinsiida Hiili. ; costa gradually curxed from
base to apex, which is nearly rectangular; hindmargin almost vertical to middle, then
oblique and inctu-ved to anal angle, which is rectangular.

Hindivinrjs : kite-shaped, both angles well marked, (he hindmargin with a broad
blunt prominence in the middle.

P'orewings with fovea; (J antennae thick, .--ubdeutate. with .stout fascicles of
cilia ; forehead with sharp tuft of scales ; palpi porreot, rostriform, laxly scaled ;
tongue present.

Xeuration: forewings, cell half as long as wing; discocellular straight, ol)lique;
fir.st median nervule at two-thirds f second and third from lower end of cell ; radials
normal ; last three subcostals stalked from end of cell ; second wanting ; first
anastomosing with costal. Hindwings with the medians as in forewings; the two
subcostals from upper end of cell.

Type : Chiasmiodes variolinea sp. now

i)l. Chiasmiodes variolinea >p. nov.

Foreioings : whitish, tinged with yellow along costa and inner margin, and with
all the veins yellow; numerous irregular transverse brown strigae; lines brown,
distinct; first from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner tnargin, strongly
angulated outwards on subcostal nervure; second from costa just beyond middle
runs at first towards middle of hindmargin, then liluntly rounded back to inner
margin in the middle; third, half-way between second and apex, also runs outwards
for a short distance, then, forming nearly a right angle, goes perfectly straight and
concise to inner margin before anal angle ; a fourth line, more diffuse, starts from
apex, running alongside the third from its angle to near the margin, where it diverges
into the anal angle; a dark brown marginal line, interrupted by the yellow veins;
fringe straw-colour, mottled with brown ; a large round blackish cell-spot.

Hiiuhvini/s : with the transverse strigae denser, the costal region whitish,
without markings; only two lines, one central, lliick, straight; the other half-way
to hindmargin, slightly curved.

Head and patagia white; collai- yellowish; ahdunioi yellow, much mottled
with brown; antennae and palpi brown. Underside like upper, with traces of an

( VM )

additional crosf^ Hue on forewings jii.st beyond the di>cal ;<pol, whit-li cau alto be faintly
seen on the ujiperside.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

SiiiKA.MiLY SK.MK )THI.SINAE.

92. Azata subcinerea sp. nov.

Forewings : fuscous, darker at base and in the marginal area; first line from
costa at one-fourth, blackish, angled on subcostal, and obsolete towards inner margin ;
central line from a thick dark oblique costal streak, vertical, and slightly sinuous;
exterior line at three-fourths, slightly sinuous outwards, denticulate, pale ochreous,
with black scales on its inner edge; a pale dentate submargiual line through the dark
marginal area; a large oval black discal spot.

Iliiiilwinf/n : the same, with cell-spot iudi.stinct.

Head, thora.x, and abdomen concolorous with wings, the thora.x darker like the
base. Underside dull cinereous, striated and suffused with darker.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

A series from the Khasias.

'J'.'y. Calletaera angulata sp. no\-.

Foreivings : whitish, dusted with fuscous atoms, more tiiickly along the costa;
first line near base, angled below costa, then oblique inwards and indistinct; median
line oblique, tliick, and slightly irregular from middle of costa to middle of inner
margin ; preceded by the dark fuscous cell-spot ; exterior line at three-fourths, oblique
and interrupted opposite the cell, followed by a broad rusty grey fascia, which grows
fainter towards the costa ; fringe white, preceded by a row of black spots between the
veins ; the lines are rusty grey.

Hindwinijn : darker, more suffused with rusty grey, the submarginal fascia
broader and nearly reaching the margin.

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, dusted vrith grey. I'nderside whiter, with
the markings darker and much more distinct ; the fascia black-brown, narrowed on
forewings, and there edged with ochreous yellow.

Expanse of wings : S , 26 mm. ; ? , 32 mm.

A few from the Khasias.

Differs from other species of the genus in having the hindmargin of forewings
distinctly angled in middle ; that of hindwings produced below ajiex, with a tooth at
veins 4 and 6, thence straight to anal angle, which is rectangular.

94. Gonodela ruptifascia sp. nov.
Forewin;/s: greyish white, with a slight ochreous satfusiou in parts, and dusted
sparsely with dark atoms; an indistinct carved subbasal line, followed by the inner
line, which is angled below subcostal ; an indislinci wavy central line, with an oblique
brownish costal bldlch beyond it; a brown-black outer fascia, much interrupted
opposite the cell and below the middle, and intersected by the pale veins, its inner
edge traversed liy the pale outer line, which starts from a brown-black costal spot
before the fascia ; a shallow dark costal spot before the apex, and a brownish cloud

( HO )

oil hindmargin opposite the cell; cell-spot indistinct ; fringe concolorous, witic inter-
rupted dark spots along Iwse.

Ifimlwings: like forewings, willi a large black cell-spot, and tlie fascia reduced
to irregular blotches in the middle ; basal line of fringe continuous.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with ground-colour of wings. Under.-^ide
j)aler, with the fascia broad and very distinct, continued in the forewings opposite
the cell to the hindmargin.

E.xpanse of wings : 40 mm.

One ? from the Khasias.

95. Hyperythra rufifimbria >\<. uov.

Forewings: deep olive, overlaid with nifVuis and fuscous scales, with no nuukings,
but traces of a darker, wavy-edged submarginal fascia; fringe bright red.

Hindwimjs : the same, the fascia still more indistinct.

Head, face, and thorax dull ochreous olive; abdomen concolorous with wings,
with the sides and anal segments reddish ; palpi and antennae red. Underside deep
dull red ; costal region of forewing fuscous ; marginal area broadly sufl'used with
blackish between the veins, and especially at anal angle ; hindwiugs more or less
dusted with blackish ; a blackish blotch at anal angle ; the inner margin broadly
yellowish ochreous. Pectus yellowish ; legs red. There are no signs of any lines or
discal spots, and the hindmargin of the wings is scarcely crenulate.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One S fiom the Khasias.

A true Hyperythra, with the usual characteristic^ of the r^ ; ii hki;/ \h- an
extraordinary aberration of H. lutea Cram.

96. Semiothisa brunueata sp. nov.

Fm-ewinc/s: dull white, covered on their basal half with olive-grey, on their
outer half with olive-brown suffusion, except below the median, where the white
ground shows through in places between the strigae; first line at one-third, second
at one-half, third at two-thirds, all starting from oblicpie red-brown costal streaks,
angled on subcostal, then parallel to hindmargin ; the first and second brownish
throughout, the third becoming paler in the middle and bisecting an oblique black
blotch; submarginal line undulating, fi-om before apex to anal angle, preceded by a
red-brown costal blotch and a deeper shade throughout, and marked by i)ure white
linear spots between the veins; some irregular white apical spots; fringe olive
fuscous, with middle and apical lines darker, and a tine pale ba.sal line, without any
l)lack dots at the base.

Hind/wings: with a nearly straight central line, an obscurely dentate and slightly
wavy exterior line, and nearly straight submarginal line from apex to anal angle,
brownish ; the last is [ireceded by a brown shade, and nnirked by a white dash on
either side of the second median. The exterior line is followed in the middle by an
indistinct blackish blotch; the pale basal line of fringes is preceded by irregular
black scaling.

Collar, face, pal] )i, and antennae brownish; thorax and abdomen greyish white,
the latter with two rows of dorsal black spots. 1,'nderside white, with the mottling,
and all lines and markings, as well as the veins, rich brown; sul)inarginal line
consisting of pure white lunules.

( Ml )

Kxpaiise of wings : 38 mm.

<$ d from the Khasias.

Distinguished, over anil alioM' tlic ilift'crence in outline of forewings, from S.
maculosatu liv the brown costal lilotehes, the more angnlated exterior line, and the
non-transparency of the white ground-colour.

97. Semiothisa maculosata sp. nov.

Foreivings : opalescent white, semi-transparent, containing a profusion of drali,
and ochreous olive, more or less coalescent, roundish spots ; the veins ochreous yellow ;
ba.sal line at one-fifth, dull fuscous olive, angled on subcostal and submedian veins,
with some blackish .-scales above the submedian ; an irregular, bent, oblique, thick
central shade, dull fuscous, with black scales on the submedian and geminated
below the median ; some black scales on the discocellular at its extremities; exterior
line Nellowish ochreous, starting from a dark costal spot at two-thirds, cur\-ed ojipositi-
the cell, and then running nearly parallel to hindmargin, and preceded by a narrow,
yellowish ochreous shade; this line bisects a roundish black blotch on the upper
radial, and a larger, more quadrate, blotch extending from the lower radial to the
second median ; marginal area beyond the exterior line fuscous olive, varied with a
congeries of black and yellowish scales along lower half of hindmargin ; sidjmarginal
line undulating from before apex to anal angle, whitish yellow, but forming irregular
tvhite spots at apex, and one larger white spot obliquely below it ; fringe fuscous
olive, with a row of black spots at base between the veins.

Hindwings : with central and outer line as in forewings, the outer line passing
through only one black blotch, extending over the second and third medians; .sub-
marginal line pale, nearly straight from apex to anal angle, preceded liy a thick
fuscous olive shade ; marginal area fuscous, mottled in the middle before the slight
tail with white and black scales.

Palpi, face, antennae, and collar ferruginous; thorax and abdomen dull whitish ;
basal segments of abdomen with double black spots ; underside of wings white, with
the spots and all the lines and shades dark brown.

Kx|)anse of wings : 38 mm.

Distinguished from S. brwn'iieatu, to which it bears great superhcial resemblance,
by the more obliipie hindmargin of forewings, scarcely perceptibly elbowed at tht-
end of the third median, and the more produced and acute apex.

Si from the Khasias.

98. Semiothisa penumbrata sp. nov.
Foreu'ini/s: .shining pale grey, thickly dusted with olive fuscous atoms; first line
slender, brown, vertical, at one-fourth, slightly curved below costa and above inner
margin ; an otilique brown streak from middle of costa just touches the slender brown
discal linear mark: a small brown spot on the median nervure and first median
uervule just beyond their point of separation, and another on the submedian exactly
below them; exterior line whitish, strongly curved below costa and slightly curved
above inner margin, running in the main parallel to the liinduiargin ; on the costa it
is preceded by a liroadish oblique brown-black streak, which does not pass beyond the
upiier radial, and curves up to the costa shortly before apex, so forming a rounded
triangular costal mark with a [)aler centre : a brown-black spot in midwing is dixided
into four parts by the exterior line and the tliird median nervule ; marginal space

( 142 )

beyond exterior line dark grey; submarginal line slightly bent, consisting of white
intraneural spots in the upper half of wing, and preceded in tlie lower half bv a still
darker fuscous grey shade ; fringe dark grey, witli a jialer line at base ; veins in outer
half of wing paler than ground-colour.

Ilindivings : like forewings, but the second line is brown, denticulate, and the
submarginal line is straight, continuous, whitish in front of the angle of the wing,
and preceded by a broad diffuse dark violet-grey shade; the pale fringe-line is preceded
by a dark grey or brownish marginal line ; inside the dark linear discal line is seen
an indistinct irregular bro\vnish central line.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with pale ground-colour of wings ; face, paljji,
and antennae brownish. Underside paler, with all the markings dark brown and
very distinct ; especially the dark marginal shade, whicli in the forewing contains
the submarginal line, and in the hindwing half the angular area, distinctly white.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

Both sexes from the Khasias.

The hindmargin of forewings is not emarginale, only bluntly elbowed at end of
third median ; the hindwing distinctly angled at the same place, with tlie margin on
either side of it .slightly wavy.

Antibadistes gen. uov.

Foreivings : with costa straight, oiilv faintiv arched at the extreme base, and
convex before apex, which is blunt: hindmargin olili()ue and faintly curved; anal
angle well marked.

Hinchvinfjs : with hindmargin rounded and faintly crenulate ; anal angle squared.

Antennae (?) simple; palpi with .second joint raised, rough-scaled and tufted
beneath; third joint almost as long as second, but smooth, with apjiressed scales,
spatulate ; tongue well developed.

Neuralion: forewings, cell two-fifths of wing ; discocellnlar nearly straight : first
median at three-fourths, second and third from the lower end of cell ; radials normal ;
last three subcostals on common sleni from before end of cell ; second subcostal
anastomosing with their stem and apparently with the first as well. Hindwings, cell
one-third of wing ; discocellnlar as in forewings ; first median at three-fourths, second
and third short-stalked from lower angle of cell ; first subcostal just before the upper
angle of cell, .second from the angle. .Scaling smooth and glossy.

Type : Antibudistes suhcinerea sp. nov. '

9f'. Antibadistes subcinerea sp. nu\.

(??. Wings uniform glossy grey, with a metallic lustre; costa rather darker,
marked with paler dots; the two lines slightly darker than the ground, very obscure,
at one-third and two-thirds, straight, oblii|ue outwardly, parallel to each other, the
second reacliing inner margin at four-fifths, the first at one-third ; an obscure dark
discid mark ; fringe shining white, wit h a conci.se dark basal line, which at the extreme
apex runs to the top of the fringe.

Ilindwiwjs : with no basal line, and the .second line curved concave to hind-
margin, which is slightly indented between the veins; fringe as in forewings.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings ; face and palpi (apparently) fer-
ruginous. Underside paler, with hindmargin deeper ; this, however, is very faint in

( 143 )

forevvings ; but in lundvving.s tlie margin is l)roailly l)laci<ish, prt'cedcil In- a wide
whitish line.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

Amboina ; Java.

11)0. Nadagara diversilineata ^ii. nov.

Wings mouse-coloured, with many indistinctly marked fuscous transverse striae;
costa narrowly bright ferruginous, speckled with black ; hindmargin narrowly dull
ferruginous ; fringe lustrous yellowish with dark base, except at extreme apex, which
is wholly pale ; an indistinctly darker line from costa shortly before apex to inner
margin at two-thirds, running nearly parallel to liindmargin.

Hindwiwjs : the same, the ferruginous tint along the hindmargin broader and
clearer.

Thorax and alidomen concolorous ; collar, face, palpi, and antennae ferruginous.
Underside duller, cinereous ; tlie forewings towards the costa strongly ferruginous,
speckled with fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One <S from the Khasia Hills.

Distinguished from the other species by the different direction of the exterior line.

101. Nadagarodes subfasciata sp. nov.

Foreiviiujs : brownish ochreous, thickly sprinkled with fuscous strigae, especially
along the costa and in the space beyond the outer line ; first line at one-third, hardly
perceptible above ; second line dark brownish grey, from inner margin at two-thirds
towards apex, before which it is angulated, and reHexed towards costa, and becomes
obsolete.

Hindwincjs : like forewings, with the .second line continued straight and some-
what ditf'use across the wings; fringes of botii wings concolorous.

Abdomen rather paler; thorax grey; face and vertex rufous brown. Underside
dull ochreous yellow ; forewings with numerous blackish strigae ; an incomplete
blackish line at one-third, and a broad blackish oblique line at two-thirds, neither
reaching costa; a blackish mark at anal angle. Hindwings with a central curved line
and a blotch at ajjex blackish, with a few lilackish strigae along costa only ; base ol
fringes at apex and throughout on forewings blackish.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One i from the Khasias.

sriiKA.MiLY p:nnojiinae.

Azelinopsis gen. nov.

Furnvhujs: with costa straight, slightly cur\ed at base, and strongly convex

before apex; apex produced, slightly falcate; hindmargin bidentate, a small tooth
at the end of the upper radial, ami a larger one at end of the second median nervule ;
anal angle distinct.

llindtmmjs: with llu- margin bom the rounilcd apex to the second median

nearly straight, a tooth at end of each of the lirsl and second medians, and a deep
circular excision between them.

( 144 )

Forehead protuberant, with slight cone of scales; antennae (?)siniiile; iialpi
iiorrect, reaching just in front of face, the third joint short, drooping; tongue jiresent.

Neuralion: cell of forewings quite half as long as wing; discocellular liilunate;
first median at four-fifths, second close to end of cell, third from the end; lower
radial from two-thirds of discocellular, uiiper from top end of cell ; stem of last three
subcostals long before the end of cell ; first and second free, close together. Hindwings
with first subcostal rising long before the end of cell ; medians as in forewings ; discal
spots in both wings hyaline.

Type : Azelinopsis externa sp. uo\-.

102. Azelinopsis externa >\>. nov.

Foretoinf/s : dull fawn-colour, tingeil with fulvous and lilac-gre_v, and jwwdered
with numerous dark atoms and striae; the costa more jirominently marked with
striae; first line very indistinct, from one-third of costa to one-third of inner
margin, running at first outwards from costa, where it is iiiarked liy an iron-grey
streak, forming a blunt prominence in cell before the discocellular, then running
basewards and forming a second prominence between the median and submedian
nerv'ules ; second line from two-thirds of co.sta to two-thirds of inner margin, parallel
to hindmargin and minutely crenulate at the veins ; the basal and central areas are
tinged with fulvous ; the marginal one-third is varied with lilac-grey ; a small black
white-tipped submarginal spot in each of the three up])ermost cells, and another
between the first and second median nervules.

Hinthoings : the .same, but with no first line, and the subapical spots indistinct ;
discal marks in both wings hyaline, that of the forewings being crescentic, with a
shorter upright prolongation above, that in the hindwings forming an irregular
lunule.

Head and abdomen (probably tlie thorax also, wliich is worn) concolorous with
wings. Underside of forewings pale greyish fawn, dusted and striated with brown ;
the hindmargin irregularly dark purplish grey, pi-eceded by a tawny shade; the
second line indicated by a row of black dashes on the veins. Hindwings with some
tawny submarginal blotches, liut uo dark marginal shade.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
One ? from Mackay, N. Queensland.

The exam})le from which this de.scription is taken is rather worn, and the hind-
wings frayed in their margins, so that their e.\act contour is not quite certain.

103. Corymica amearia V,'\k. ab. brunnea nov. ? spec. dist.

Both wings entirely dull pale chestnut, with all the markings slightly darker,
and the costa finely speckled with darker; fringes concolorous. Underside slightly
paler.

1 d from the Khasias.

Drepanopsis gen. nov.

Fwewiwfs : with costa convex in basal half, then incurved, becoming convex
before apex; ajiex produced upwards and curved, blunt; hindmargin strongly
bulging in middle, oblique below ; anal angle well marked.

Hindwings: with both angles well marked; tlie hindmargin slightly" curved.

Forehead with short tuft of hair; antennae of S regularly pectinated almost

( 145 )

to apex; paliii thick, jiorrect ; second joint densely haired beneath; third short.
drooping, obscure; tongue present ; hind tibiae not dilated, with four spurs. Pectus
and liase of wings woolly.

Keuration: forewings, cell considerably longer than half the wing; discocellular
concave outwardly ; first median at two-thirds, second shortl\- before, third from the
lower angle of cell ; radials normal ; last three subcostals stalked, first and second
free; tlie second close to stalk of the other three, the first remote. Ilimlwings willi
first, subcostal rising before upper angle ; medians as in forewings.

Tyi»' : Drepnnojjsis ferruf/ala sp. nov.

1114. Drepanopsis ferrug^ata s|). nov.

Fcyrewings: brown-grey, tinged with pink anil ferruginous, and tliicklv covered
with flark transverse strigae ; costal area and space beyond second line ferruginous,
the exti'eme edge of costa yellowish ; first line very obscure, dark, at one-third,
curved below costa, then vertical and wavy; second line from apex of forewing to
below middle of inner margin of hindwing pale pinky grey, the space immediately
beyond ferruginous ; a black cell-spot in each wing ; fringes ferruginous ; the basal
area of hindwings paler.

Abdomen concolorous with this basal area; thorax redder; collar, face, and tip
of palpi dark ferruginous; rest of paljii jjinkish grey; front of vertex rosy, edged
with white. Underside greyish ochreous, with coarse d.ark striae ; the outer line and
cell-spots as above ; marginal area of both wings and costa of forewings darker.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One (? from the Khasias.

lo-i. Hygrochroa albipuncta sp. nov.

S . Dull fawn-grey, dusted with dark atoms, the central area tinged with ferru-
ginous; fir.st line at one-fifth, curved, dark fuscous; second line very diffuse, in fact
only indicated by the difference in shade, from costa just before apex to inner margin
at two-thirds, sinuous; this broad central area is tinged with ferruginous, especially
towards the outside beneatli the costa; discal spot dark with a pale centre, preceded
by one or two verv obscure small dark blotches; on the costa before the limit of the
central area is a small pure white tooth-shaped spot ; fringe fawn-grey, like ground-
colour.

Hinchmnrjs : like forewings, but whitish in basal half; towards inner margin
suffused with reddish and fuscous.

Underside like u[)per, hut the reddish tints stronger. Head, thorax, abdomen,
and antennae pale fawn-grey; face and palpi red-brown; legs grey, mottled with
reddish.

? larger, greyer, and browner ; central area limited externally by a denticulate
lilac-grey line, followed by an obscure green shade ; marginal area beyond it a
mixture of greenish and pale lilac; the redder tinge of the c? seems to be altogether
absent in the ? .

Expanse of wings : cJ, 42 mm. ; ? , 48 mm.

Sikkim ; Khasias.

This species comes very clo.se to Ihjijrochrod coloraUi. W'arr,, /'. Z. S. 1893.
p. 401. ri. XXXII. fig. 2() (described as an Ischalk), but that in.sect is much redder
and pah'r, ami has no toothlike while costal spot. The exterior line really rises from

( 1 t(i )

thi^; spot, and is sliarply angled towards apex, as may he sefii by an inspection of
the underside; but the brown suffusion of the central area run> ui) lo the apex and
hides the angulation of the line, making it appear itself to run to the apex. The
antennae of the S are pectinated, as usually in Ifi/i/rochroa. and the eyes, as far as
I can see, are not hairy.

li)(i. Hygrochroa amethystina sp. nov.

FareurniCff; : ochreous, almost wholly suffused with dull iiinkish grey, and with
green and fulvous transverse striae; first and second lines thick, diffuse, dull olive;
first at one-fourth, second just before middle, both angulated below costa, the first
curved inwards near to base, the second cui\ed and sinuous outwards to inner margin
at two-thirds; the basal area and the costa, as far as and beyond this central line,
is ochreous with green mottlings ; the area between the lines is more mottled with
fuscous, and overspread with the pinkish grey suffusion; exterior line forms an acute
angle outwards, then curves in and approximates to the central band ; subterminal line
indicated by a curved irregular pale space of ochreous mottled with green, the patches
forming it being larger and more conspicuous towards costa, where one of them is
white, semihyaline, and scaleless, and altogether interrupted in the middle of wing;
a small dark cell-dot beyond the angulation of the .second line; fringe pinkish grey.

llindinm/s ; with base and inner margin ochreous, mottled with dark fuscous
or blackish atoms ; first line at one-third, straight, thick, blackish : second central,
distinct, and blackish on inner margin, forming interrupted denticulations beyond ;
subterminal space most di.stinct at inner margin.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, shaded with green and ])iiiki.sh : face dark
brown. Underside whitish ochreous, thickly mottled with coarse fuscous, witii tlie
first lines dark olive fuscous, the marginal area washed with green.

Expanse of wings : 46 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

Comes near to H. vm-sicolor Wixn. from Padang.

107. Ocoelophora maciilifera sp. nov.

c?. Foreiri iig8 : testaceous ochreous, tinged with rufous, and covered with fine
transverse dark brown strigae, mo.st thickly towards inner margin ; costa with short
dark strigae ; first line indicated only by two or three red-brown markings ; exterior
line very faint, rufous, denticulate, nearer hindmargin than in hasipimcta, passing
through a squarish red-brown blotch opposite the cell, and another of irregular form
at anal angle ; a red-brown shade before hindmargin, thicker above the elbow ; fringe
red-brown, slightly paler along base.

Hiiulwinr/s : slightly darker, more suffused with red-bidwii, ami with the veins
]>aler and marked by lines of blackish dots ; traces of a subniarginal denticulate line ;
hindmargin didl brown-red ; fringes reddish brown ; both wings with dark cell-spot.

Hean, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. I'nderside pale testaceous,
with the blotcheii and strigae blackish, and without any rufous tinge.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

A (? from the Khasias.

Differs from the type of the genus In that tlie liindmargin is not crenulate,
and the cell is half as long as the wing.

( 147 )

Phanauta gfn. ikiv.

Forciriiif/s : with costa gradually ciiivcd (hrougliout ; ajiex minutely liroduc-ed ;
liindmargin obliquely curved.

Hindvj'iiKjs: with apes rather truncate, anal angle prominent; liindmargin
crenulate, with slight teeth at end of veins from apex to third meilian, thence nearly
straight to anal angle.

Antennae of c? simi)le ; foi'ehead with slight tuft of scales; jialpi with second
joint ohliiiuely upraised, hairy above and lieneath ; third joint smooth, porrected,
distinct ; tongue present.

Neuration: as in BissoplKiin Warr., but differing in one particular: the last
four suhcostals are stalked together, but the fifth rises at one-third and the .second at
two-thirds — in other words the second, third, and fourth are stalked from the fifth ;
whereas iu Dissoplar/a it is the second tliat rises at one-third and the tifih al two-
thirds, the third, fourth, and fifth being stalked from the second.

Type : Phamiuta chii.rnivena sp. nov.

KI8. Phanauta eburnivena sp. no\.

FomviiKjs : bone-colour, more or less snii'used with fawn, and covered with
fawn and fuscous transverse strigae ; all the veins and the two cross lines bone-
colour, and sometimes the costa; first line from costa at one-fourth, angled on the
subcostal, thence oblique to inner margin, outwardly dark-margined ; .second line
from apex to inner margin at two-thirds, edged internally with dark brown, and
produced as a central line across hindwing ; a distinct black cell-spot in both wings ;
fi'inges concolorous ; a small dark apical spot, and obli(iue subapical brown streak in
forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous. Underside like ujiper, but paler and
more indistinct.

Expanse of wings : 42 mm.

S ? . Khasia Hills.

The fawn-coloured suffusion predominates in the S ; in the ? the bone-white
costa, cross lines, and veins are \ery cons[iicuous.

Polyscia gen. nov.

Forewingft : with costa gently curved throughout; apex produced, subacute;
hindmargin oliliqnely curved.

lihidwliiAjs : with hindmargin slightly rounded; both angles rounded.

Antennae of S simple, lamellate; forehead slightly produced; palpi with second
joint oblique, closely applied to face, and smoothly scaled'; terminal joint small, sliarp,
porrected ; tongue present ; hind tibiae of S not dilated.

Neuratlon : forewings, cell half as long as wing; discocellular slightly curved ;
first median at two-thirds, second a little before the end, third from lower angle of
cell ; radials normal ; first subcostal free, upcnrvi'd t owavds costal , but not anastomosing
with it ; the other four suhcostals stalked, the .second rising at one-third, the fifth at
two-thirds, llindwings with first subcostal from before upper angle of cell ; medians
as in forewings.

Type : Pubjsciri. ocliril i /ii-n sp. nov.

( H8 )

10!>. Polyscia ochrilinea sp. nov.

Forewiw/s : pale ochreous, with a tinge of olive, dusted with minute hlafk
specks; an indistinct oblique olive line from inner margin at one-fourth, retracted to
costa; a small dark cell-dot ; exterior line olive, straight from apex of forexving,
where it is tinged with pink, to middle of inner margin of hindwing, followed bv an
olive band, wbicii broadi'iis from apex of forewing to inner margin, and on hindwing
is equally broad tiiroughout ; a subinarginal i)ale s])aee, followed by another band of
olive, with fine dark specks ; fringe concolorous.

lli'iuhvinijs : without basal line; the wings are palest immediately before the
oblique line, the base and costa of forewing being suft'used with olive.

Ileaii, face, and thorax like base of wings; abdomen paler. Underside .straw-
colour, with numerous dark transverse fuscous strigae, coarser than those of ui)[)erside.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

(hie (J from the Khasias.

ON ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE BY
ME. ALFKED EVEKETT

IX CKl.ERKS .\M) dX Till-; ISL.^XDS SdlTII oF IT.

By ERNST HARTERT.

BEFOKK .Mr. Everett's first collections from the Eastern Islands arrived at this
Museum, it was planned that Mr. Kothschild, who is so keenly interested in
the zoology of the E^astern Archipelago, and I should work out the birds together,
but unfortunately Mr. Kothschild found himself too much engaged at present with
entomology and other work. He therefore entrusted me alone with tin' work ot
the collections nirder consideration, which we had i)romised Mr. EX-erett should be
studied without much delay. I must here express my thanks to !Mr. Kothscldld
for giving this mosl interesting work into my hands, for 1 have hardly ever studied
a collection with more interest than these well-prepared skins, collected with .so
much skill and love. Besides, although all the responsibility rests with me alone,
Mr. Kothschild has compared many of the skins together with me, and given me
several useful hints, but his co-operation did not seem important enough to him to
attach his name to these articles as a co-author.

I am also obliged to Hofrath Dr. A. H. Meyer, whose knowledge of Celebes birds
is at present unrivalled, for giving me notes on a few species I sent to him for
comparison. I gained much important information, besides others, from the recent
writings on the birds of Celebes of Messrs. A. B. Meyer & L. W. Wiglesworth, and
of Dr. Buttikofer, who too most kindly compared some of my specimens with his
types for me. Again, as .so often before, am I further obliged to Messrs. Sharjie and
Grant in the British Museum, who enabled me to couqtare with great ease the species
I wanted to see in cases where the Tring Museum had not yet sufficient material for
comparison. The mixed ornis of the small southern islands necessitated special care,
and the comparison of comparatively many descriptions and skins from several regions.
Any notes given on the labels have been faithfully inserted in thcs<' pajjers.

( 149 )

ON THE BIRDS FROM SOUTH CELEBES.

Our frieud ^Ir. Everett, of whose unlucky journey to the Philippines I reported
in this journal, Vol. II., pp. 64, 486 fif., left Labuan again on August iJlst for Celebes,
and arrived at Makassar on September 16th. After some short stay in that town, he
determined to work the Bonthain Peak, an enormous mountain of nearly 10,000 feet
in the south of the Southern Peninsula of Celebes. He proceeded to Bidekomba, on
the south coast ; but the mountain being evidently inaccessible from the west and
south, he went round to Balang Nipa, and travelled thence to liikeroe, and on as far
as Indrtdu'iiMii, a place which is situated at aljout 2300 feet on the foot-hills of the
Peak, about a short day's walk from the mountain itself. He arrived there on
September 28th, and then despatched his assistant in various directions in order to
ascertain the best route for ascending the mountain, with the result that he sent him
to Tasoso, the highest village in the district, with three of his Borneo men and full
instructions as to what and where they were to collect. ;\Ir. Everett remained himself
at Inclrulaina/n, where he collected every species of bird that was observed, with the
exception of one Caprimulgus. His assistant returned on November 1st, having
succeeded in reaching the most elevated portion of the summit on October 13th.
A few days before his return, the Messrs. Sarasin came to Tasoso from jMakassar, and
they also ascended to the highest point of the Peak. It is known from Messrs.
Meyer & Wiglesworth's article in the Abh. unci Ber. Mus. Dresden how successfully
they collected there. As their specimens reached Europe long before those of
Mr. Everett, and as thev fell into the able hands of our colleagues in Dresden, it
was natural that they were described first, and that in this way Messrs. Sarasin's
birds anticipated several of the most interesting discoveries, such as Zosteraps
anomcda, Cryptolopha sarasinoricin, Pachycephaln bunihaina, and others. Never-
theless there remained much to reward jNIr. Everett's efforts, as can be seen from
the discoyeries'oi the Androphilus everetti, C'hlorocharis sq!iMtHiceps,eLiid Cataponera,
as well as from many other valuable things, dilated on in the following pages.
The following extracts from Mr. Everett's letters will be of interest : —
" My men worked altogether for twenty-three days on the Peak, collecting for
the most part between 6000 and 7000 feet, and not at all below 5600 feet. No
doubt a collector remaining several months on the mountain, and changing his
station several times, would make large additions to its fauna, especially if working
immediately after the wet season. The Peak seems to represent an ancient volcanic
vent, being composed of a number of summits and ridges forming the walls of a
crater, the eastern of which would seem to have been blown away. The country
between Balang Nipa and the mountain is wholly composed of old volcanic rocks
and disjectamenta, and neither on the eastern side nor in travelling to liulekomba
did I see any sedimentar}' rock whatever. Of the remaining walls the highest is
a ridge called locally Lanipo Batang, the next in altitude being the peak known as
Buah Kraiing. The former is a little below 10,000 feet, and the latter, according to
Messrs. Sarasin, aliout 9000 feet. The Buah Kraiing was found by my assistant
covered with arboreal \'egetation to its very top, but the trees were very stunted and
thickly clothed with mosses. He found the temperature 'at midday' on Buah
Kraiing to be only 19" F. At Indrulaman 60° was the lowest temperature noticed.

11

( 15" )

Messrs. Jjarasin informed Mr. Duuias that 42 F. was registered at night ou the top
of Ivampo Katang. Nobody has as yet passed a uight ou the summit of Huah
Kraiing."

"The entire country surrounding Bontliain Peak is old cultivated land— rice-
fields next the shore, coffee, tobacco, rice, maize, scrubby secondary jungle, fields of
coarse grasses, etc., inland — and it is quite denuded of primitive forest up lo an
elevation of some oOOt) feet, or even move, ou the eastern aspect of the mountain.
Hence the mammalian fauna below that elevation is very poor, even for Ct-lelies.
Wild pig, deer, and a rat which is, I think, M. iwglectua Jent., abound, and in the
villages a shrew ; and Cu-sciis celebensis is fairly common in the coflfee-plantations.
I also obtained a single individual of the Celebes Tarsier. But not a singh' monkey
or squirrel was seen or heard by any of us, the peculiar jungle-rats of the island were
not to be found, there was no Anoa and no Babirusa, and even bats were seldom
seen. Even in the old forest above Tasoso only one species of squirrel was observed,
and of that few were met with. Some black monkeys were seen once — probably
Macacus immras — and the quill of a jiorcupine was found beside one of tlie traps
set at 6500 feet, from which it had escaped. A jungle-rat with bi-coloured tail was
obtained, and the Anoa was said by the natives to be plentiful, but the liahirusa
neither they nor the Buginese in the lower country had heard of as inhabiting this
part of Celebes. The Cusciis was not met with by my party on the mountain,
although both C. ursinus and C. celebensis seem to exist in the lower country, nor
did they encounter any Viverra or Paradoxurus, but the natives say that V. lamja-
lunfja is common in the coffee-plantations."

1. Merula celebensis Biittik.

S. Upperside dark olive (Kidgw., Xoinend. Colours III. 9), wings and tail more
blackish. Under wing-coverts, chin, throat, and upper breast pale olive ; palest on
chin, which is pale hair-brown (Ridgw., Lc. III. 12), darkening towards the breast.
Whole abdomen pale cinnamon-rufous, paler in the middle and whitish on the vent,
dark olive-brown with whitish tips and lines along the shafts. Bill and feet yellowish
(in skin). Wing 125 — 129 mm. The female is browner on the breast.

Bonthain Peak, from aliout 601)0 to 7000 feet upwards to the highest regions.

2. Pratiucola caprata (!..).

<? ? . Iiiilrulanian. \ nest with three eggs found at Indruhmiaii, Octolier :5rd,
1895. They agree willi Indian specimens, and measure 17 to 18 by 11 to 14''1 nun.

:!. Phylloscopus borealis (Bias.).
Bonthain Peak, 55tH) feet.

4. Phyllergates riedeli Miy. it Wigl.
Three males and a female horn Indrulamau. Hofrath Meyer has comiiared one
of the males with the type and declared them to be the same. The shade of colour
on the crown varies. The female has the head uniform with the back.

5. Cisticola exilis (\ig. >.t Ilorsf).

Inilruhinian. cJ. " Iris yellow-brown ; hill sepia; mandihh' [iale horn-lirown ;
legs Hesh-colour."

6. Cisticola cisticola (Teuim.).

Makassar.

7. Trichostoma finschi Wald.

Several specimens shot in October from Makassar. Dr. A. B. Meyer coni|iared
one of our skins with his five specimens of June and July in the Dresden Museum.
He found them to bo alike, though our skin was slightly browner, specially on the
tail and tail-coverts. This is probably because our birds are in very fresh plumage.

8. Cataponera turdoides Hartert (anted, p. 70).

In the somewhat rounded wing the first ^jrimary is of about half the length of
the second, the fifth or the sixth is longest, the fourth, fifth, and sixth generally
not differing much in length. The outer web of some of the middle primaries are
slightly emarginated from about the middle. The tarsus is covered with an unljroken
lamina in adult birds, only at the lower part a scale or two can be distinguished.
In an immature bird before me, however, the ridges of the margins of scales can still
be distinguished in the middle part of the tarsus ! This young bird also has pale
shaft-lines on the head, and on the breast and abdomen some feathers with pale
centres and dark brown margins, like those of some young thrushes, have remained.
Behind the eye is a small but conspicuous bare space. The nostrils are lougish; the
feathers extend towards the nostrils. There are liristles on the rictus and also on
the tips of the feathers of the chin. The colours have been described I.e.

9. Androphilus everetti Hartert (anted, p. 69).

This interesting little bird was found all over theBonthain Peak and surrounding
hills, from about 2000 feet near Indrulaman to above 7000 feet near the summit.
Unless some of the sj)ecimens are wrongly sexed, there is no constant difference in
size between the sexes, but some of the birds from the higher elevations are longer,
one of them being a perfect giant, with a wing of 64 mm. in length. In some
specimens the feathers of the breast have dark shaft-stripes.

10. Acmonorhynclius aureolimbatus (Wall.).

Indrulaman and Makassar. Specimens from these places do not differ from those
from Northern Celebes. The iris is burnt sienna-colovu'. Bill black ; mandible
greyish; legs and claws black. The si)ecies is included in the genus Prtonochilus in
the Cat. B. X., though that genus is said to have " a distinct bastard primary," and
P. aureolimbatus does not have it. I have therefore provisionally accepted tlie
proposed generic name of Acmmiorhynchus for this bird.

11. Dicaeum celebicum Mull. & Schleg.
Makassar and Indndaman.

12. Dicaeum nehrkorni Bias.

Herr Prof Dr. Willi. Blasius has been kind enough to compare one of our
specimens with the type oi D. nvhrkorni and found I hem to be the same species. It
has never been described in a scientific journal. The original description appeared
in the Brauiisokwei(jiscfui Anzeiyen, a newspaper (!), and was, I believe, reprinted in

( 1.>1> )

Russ's Isis, both places not easily ac-cessible to au ornithologist ; and the female has
never been described, as far as I know. I therefore append a short description of
both sexes : —

d ad. Top of the iiead and forehead, feathers of the rump (somewliat elongated),
and a small spot on the upper breast scarlet ; hindneck aud reniiges black ; back,
scapulars, and ui)per wing-coverts deep steel-blue ; ear-coverts, chin, throat, aud sides
of body ashy, darker on the latter ; axillaries, tufts under the wing, under wing-coverts,
under tail-coverts, and abdomen white, a blackish stripe along the middle of the
abdomen.

Total length about 80 mm. ; wing 49 — jl mm. ; tail about :i(i nun, ; culmen
9—10 mm.

"Iris brown ; bill, feet, and claws black " (A. Everett).

? ad. (breeding). Ujjperside dark ashy grey, crown washed with rufous brown,
rump light scarlet ; wings and tail blackish. Underside whitish ; sides of head and
neck, sides of body, and an (often irregular) line along the middle of the abdomi-n
ashy ; a.xillaries, under wing- and under tail-coverts white.

"Iris brown; bill black; base of mandible paler; feet bluish grey; claws lilackish."

The immature i7mle resembles thefe^nale, but seems to be darker abo\c, aud has
no scarlet on the rump in very early age.

This pretty bird was not rare near Indrulaman, 2000 to oOOO fei4, and was also
met with on the Bonthain Peak at heights of 5000 to 6500 feet.

13. Cinnyris frenata dissentiens subsp. no v.

An adult pair in good fresh plumage from Indrulaman (October 1895) are
evidently most nearly related to C. frenata plateni Bias., the form of this sunbird
which inhabits many parts of Celebes, and which is veri/ closely allied to U. frenata
typica. The new form is less greenish and very much darker above, where it is of a
dark olive colour, and the abdomen is much paler yellow. The colour of the throat
of the male is also of a different shade, but this is liable to individual variation.

Besides these two skins we have received five from Saleyer, which I must refer
to this same form. The abdomen of all these Saleyer specimens is paler sulphur-
yellow, and the under tail-coverts whiter ; but the specimens are not quite alike, and
none of them is in such fresh plumage. They are also slightly paler and more grevisli
above (but not greenish, like C. frenata typica), but I am inclined to ascrilie these
differences to the more worn plumage.

14. Cinnyris porphyrolaema (Wall.).

This rather di-stinct Celebes species was procured at lUilekomba and Makassar.
A young male from the latter place (September) is in full moult, the dark black and
metallic feathers appearing here and there in the dull plumage, chieHy so on the
wings and flanks. Another male, in full plumage, has the first primaries not yet full
grown.

S. " Iris brown; bill glossy black ; legs dull black ; claws blackish."

15. Aethopyg'a flavostriata (Wall.).

One r/irt/c from Indrulaman, i|uile similar (o a .-kin lV(jiii .Noilh Celebes in the
Tring Museum, but bill (and wing?) rather .shorter; culmen IS nnn.; wing damaged,
but apparently a little shorter.

( I.''- )

16. Anthreptes malacceusis celebensis (Shell.).
Makassar. Common.

17. Myzomela cUoroptera Walden.

Bonthaiii Peak, from 2500 to above 6000 feet.

c? ad. Iris brown ; bill very dark brown, almost black ; legs and claws light
olive-brown.

? ad. Iris brown ; bill very dark brown, basal portion paler ; legs and claws
olivaceou.s brown.

18. Melilestes celebeusis meridionalis Mey. & Wigl. (Abh. und Ber. Mm.
Dresden, 1896, No. 1. p. 11).

On Bonthain Peak, at elevations of 6000 feet and above.

The sexes are alike in colour, hut the females have shorter wings and bills.

19. Zosterops anomala Mey. & Wigl. (I.e. 1896, p. 12).

Apparently common at Indrulaman. The hare black ring round the eyes without
white plumes, surrounded by some black feathers, characterises this species easily.
It is well described. I.e.

20. Zosterops sarasinorum Mey. & Wigl. (/. /. 0. 1894, p. 114).

Dr. A. B. Meyer has kindly compared one of om' specimens with his type in the
Dresden ]\Iuseum and declared them to be the same. The description, however, does
not quite agree. The breast and abdomen are not " fast rein weiss," but of a pale
Rulpbur-yellow, more so in the middle, the under tail-coverts of the same yellow as
the 'iiuddle of the throat. The forehead is greenish j'ellow. Dr. Meyer's specimens
were collected by Messrs. Sarasin on Mount Klabat, in the Northern Peninsula of
Celebes, at elevations of 2000 metres. Mr. Everett's skins came from elevations above
6000 feet from Bonthain Peak.

21. Zosterops intermedia Wall.
Specimens from Indrulaman and Bonthain Peak to elevations of about 6000 feet.

22. Chlorocharis squamiceps Hartert (antea, p. 70).
L.c. I gave a diagnosis and description of this new species to which I have little
to add. It was collected at elevations of 6000 to about 7000 feet, where it seemed to
be common. The specimens are all alike, mostly in fairly fresh plumage, but some
moulting. The bill of the skins is black ; the legs seem, to have been bluish, with
yellowish or greenish soles. The mandible and legs are light-coloured in skins of
Chlmvcharis emiliae, but I cannot find any characters to separate the two species
generically ; and, as stated I.e., I consider Chi. emiiicie to be closely related to
Zosterops, from ivhich genus it is jjerhaps not separable. Unfortunately no tongues
have been secured of my new species.

23. Motacilla boarula melauope (Pall.).
Makas.sar and Bonthain Peak, up to about 6000 feet.

( IM )

24. Motacilla fiava L.
Bulekomba.

25. Munia pallida Wall.

Two fenudes from Bulekomba aud -Makassar. One of them, in quite freshly
moulted plumage, has the top of the head and the hindneck strongly washed with
greyish brown ; but the other specimen, in abraded plumage, is much paler on the
head. I therefore do not think that the Celebes bird diftVrs from that from I>oinbok
and Flores, of which I could compare six skins in the British IMuseum. (See also
Mey. & Wigl., Ahh. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, 189G, No. 1, p. 13.)

2fi. Munia atricapilla brunneiceps (Wald.).

See Mey. & Wigl., I.e. p. 13. They mention consideiable individual varia-
tions. Four skins from Indrulaman do not vai'v much and are tyjiical hnmneiceps.
The birds mentioned by me in Nov. ZooL. II. p. 469, from Runguran, have much
darker heads and more rufous backs. So they resemble more the purely black-
headed M. nlrlcapilld typica, but much of their bright colour may be due to their
being in veiy fresh plumage. I have seen Bornean specimens agreeing with those
from Bung^ran, though most of them are also slightly paler on the head, and yet a
little darker than those from Celebes.

27. Scissirostrum dubium (Lath.).

Indrulaman. "Iris dark brown; bill deep chrome-yellow; legs light chrome;
nails pale sejiia."

28. Calornis minor fBp.).

cJ ? . " Iris .scarlet." Indrulaman.

The principal home of this small Calornis appears to be the islands south of
Celebes, such as Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, Lombok, etc., and it is much less known
as an inhabitant of Celebes, where C. pannyensis abounds in many parts ; but it has
been recorded from Celebes long ago by Dr. A. B. Jleyer in Sits. Ber. Naturf. Ges.
Ids, 1884, I. p. 48, and Abh. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1896, No. 1, p. 4. The tail of
this species is certainly not much graduated, but only slightly rounded, nearly .square ;
and altogether C. minor stands not very far from C. chalybea, though it is decidedly
smaller, aud the neck much more purple. The wings of the two Indrulaman
specimens measure 64 — 66 mm.

29. Basileornis celebensis Gray.
Indrulaman. t? ? . "Iris dark brown: bill greenish white; legs wax-yiOlow ;
claws blackish brown."

Specimeus from North and South Celebes do not differ.

30. Acridotheres cinereus Hp.
Makassar, where it is commoii.

:J1. Artamus leucogaster (Valenc) and A. monaclius Bp.
Indrulaman,

( !■).-) )

32. Dicrurus leucops Wall.
Makas.«ar and Indrulnman. r^ . " Iris milk-white.''

oo. Oriolus celebensis meridionalis.

Ill Ahh. vnd Ber. Klin. Zoulof/., etc., Mus. Dresden, 1896, No. 1, p. 14, Messrs.
A. B. Meyer & L. W. WigleswortL have remarked that North and South Celebes
birds differ, those from the south having more black in the plumage, and that this
point will be discussed in the authors' work on the birds of Celebes. Hofrath
Dr. Meyer then wrote me that in the MS. they called the southern Oriole 0. celebensis
riieridimiiilis, and I accept their name herewith, as I consider it a good subspecies.
The most characteristic feature of the southern form is the broad black eye-stripe,
which fully encircles the occiput, broadly and quite uninten-uijted. The secondaries
are blacker. Makassar and Indrulaman. c?. " Iris crimson lake ; bill reddish sienna-
brown ; legs olive-grey ; claws deeji brown."

34. Gazzola typica Bp.

Both sexes of this very rare crow from Indrulaman (2500 feet to about 7000
feet on Bonthain Peak). " Iris warm brown." The wing of the female about 4 mm.
shorter than that of the 7iifde (208 and 212 mm,).

35. Corvus enca Horsf.

Indrulaman, ^lakassar. Several local varieties of this crow may be distinguished
w'ith the help of sufficient material.

30. Streptocitta albicollis (Meill.).
Makassar. This species represents Str. torquata in Southern Celebes.

37. Pachycephala bonthaiua -"\Iey. & Wigl.

A series of skins, collected from elevations of little over 6000 feet to the summit
of Bonthain Peak (nearly 9000 feet), belongs, no doubt, to the species named
P. honihaiwi, and well described by Messrs. Meyer & Wiglesworth in Abh. und Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 1896, No. 1, p. 10. Both sexes agree well with the description,
e.xeept that the under tail-coverts are not of the same colour as the lower back,
rump, upper tail-coverts, and flanks ; but they are brownish ochraceous, while the
latter parts are greenish olive-yellow. The female differs from the raale only in the
chin and throat being striped and spotted with pale buff, but the termination of the
yellowish cap is not less abrupt than in the majority of the males. There is also an
immature male, which has the whole upperside washed with olive, the whole underside
striped with pale brownish buff, the head and neck olive-brown. It seems from tiiis
not impossible that P. bonensis (Mey. & \\\g\.,Abh. und. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1894-0,
No. 4, p. 2) is, after all, the same as P. bonthaina, but adult specimens of the
northern bird must be awaited to decide b}'.

38. Pachycephala meridionalis liiittik. (Not. Leyden Mils. XV. p. 168, 1803).
Indrulaman and l!oiitliaiii Peak to above 6000 feet. Iris chocolate ; bill black;
legs and feet pale bluish grey ; nails dark grey.

Wing o[ m.(des, 84 mm.; of females, 80 — 81 mm.

( 1.^6 )

39. Graucalus leucopygius l?p.

Indrulaman and Makassar, [ris yellowish white ; bill and legs black. .\ yomip;
male (Sei)tember 189.3) iias the feather.s of the head, back, and rump witli a Icrininul
buflfy white and a subtenninal blackish bar; tlie remiges with bufl'y white narrow
edges; the upper wing-coverts with broad bufify white edges; feathers of throat and
lireast with blackish subterminal bars.

40. Volvocivora morio (Mull).

Indrulaman, common ; very varialile. Only rather aged males seem to have tlie
throat and upper breast black; the underparts of the females and young are more or
less deep hufl".

S juv. and ? . " Iris chocolate ; bill, feet, and claws black."

c? ad. " Iris dark brown ; bill, feet, and claws black."

41. Lalage leucopygialis Waldon.

Indrulaman. It is wrong to quote L. leucopygialis liray, as the latter author
never has described the bird. " The iris of the male is chocolate-brown; bill, legs,
and claws black."

42. Lalage timoriensis (S. Midi.).

Indrulaman and Makassar.

43. Muscicapa griseosticta (Smnh.).
Indrulaman.

44. Muscicapula westermanni Sharjic.

^ley. & Wigl. (Abh. und Ber. J/(ts. Dremlen, 1896, Jio. 1, p. 9) have already shown
that this bird inhabits Celebes, but they had received one pair only, and believed
that thev differed slightly from typical M. westermanni from Java and Borneo.
Mr. Everett sent a number of tine males and t-^o females, as well as a young bird.
These I have compared with the large series of the species in Tring and in London,
and I am able to state that they do not differ in anything from tyi)ical M. yH'sleriiuiniu.
The young bird has the feathers of the upperside fringed with black and variegated
with a large buff subterminal spot, tho.se of the underside bordered with lilack.

4.3. Muscicapula hyperythra (I51yth)-

Two pairs from elevations of about 6000 feet on Houthain Peak do not differ in
colour from MiiscieapxJa hypcrytlira. Compared with skins of that species from North
I'orueo, the white line extending from the forehead backwards over the eye is broader
and longer. Tliis character, however, does not seem to have any constancy, and
I limalayan specimens in the British Museum are perfectly similar to those from Celebes.
]5ut the wings of the Celebes birds before me are longer, those of the males measuring
6.5 mm., those of the /owaie.s 61 and 62 mm., while those of my males from Borneo
measure .56 to 59 mm., those of /e»ia?es from the same place 56 mm.; and .Messrs.
Sharpe & Oates give only 58 mm. as the length of the wing of Indian males. So it
would seem that the Celebes birds differ in having longer wings, but a larger material
than I have before me at present is desirable to work out t he local forms of ^1/. hi/perijtiira,
of which there may be several.

I have not seen M. hyperi/thra, recorded from Celebes before.

( 157 )

40. Siphia omissa Hnitcit (dulea, \>. 71).

Inrlrulainaii.

?. " Iris (lark brown ; hill black; legs light |miiilisli brown ; claws pale sepia."

47. Siphia bonthaina sp. nov.

c?. Supra olivacea, remigum marginibus exterioribus riifescentibus ; cauda
tectricibiisque superioribus ca?taueis. Macnla supralorali magna pallide ocliracea.
Mento, gutture, jugulo, pectore oehraceis. Abdoniine subcaudalibusque albi.s.
Al. 65 mm., caud. 47 mm., culm. 13 mm., tars. 19 mm.

? similis, pectore guttm'eque pallidioribus.

Hah. Monte Ijonthain Peak dicta, Celebes.

Above olive, quills margined with rufous brown on the outer webs and with light
brown on the inner webs. Tail deep chestnut, more brownish on the tip; upper tail-
coverts of the same colour. A large spot over the lores ; from the base of the bill to
the middle of the eye pale ochraceous. Chin, throat, and breast light ochraceous.
Abdomen white, bases of feathers slate-colour. Under tail-coverts white with an
ochreous shade; under wing-coverts very pale brownish. L. t. about 11(1 mm. ; wing
65 mm. ; tail 47 mm. The fe'inale has the wing only 61 mm., the tail 4.T mm., and
the chin, throat, and breast are very much paler than in the mate.

The only pair sent was procured by Mr. lueiett's men, at an elevation of about
6000 feet, on Bonthain Peak.

This species belongs to the little section of the genus Siphia, as limited in the
Cat. B. by Dr. Sharpe, in which the sexes are \ery much alike, both being olive or
brown above and with more or less rufous tails, to which 8. erithacus from Palawan
belongs. The birds from Bonthain Peak differ considerably from all the species I am
acquainted with and do not agree with any description.

48. Gerygoue flaveola Cab.
One male from Indrulaman.

49. Hypothymis puella (Wall.;.
Indrulaman and Makassar.

50. Rhipidura teysmanni I'.iittik.

Five skins from Indrulaman.

" Iris dark brown ; bill dark sepia ; base of mandible while ; legs pnriile-grey."
The female and immature 7nale have the throat-patch not pure blai'k, but rather
washed with greyish.

51. Culicicapa helianthea Wall.

Bonthain Peak, from Indrulaman to alxne 6000 feet elevation.

c? ? . Iris dark brown; maxilla dark sepia; mandible ochraceous orange; legs
and claws light sejjia ; soles of feet yellow. The sexes do not differ perceptibly, but
young birds have lighter breasts and are not so yellowish above.

( 158 )

52. Cryptolopha sarasinorum Mt-y. I'i: Wigl. (Abh. und Bet: Afn.t. Dresden, 189(),

No. 1, p. 9).

This excellent new species was found in numbers on the l^ontliain Peak, where
it was discovered by the brothers Sarasin in tlie same month when ^Ir. Everett
collected there, i.e. October 189.T, from Indrnlamaii to alxive fiODO feet.

The iris is dark brown ; bill sepia-ltrown : iiiMiwlihlc orlni'oii^, tinged with sejiia;
legs lead-blue ; claws light brown.

53. Stoparola meridionalis lUUtik. (Xoies Leyden .l/ds. 1893, p. 170).

Found at Indrulaman, and up to elevations of about GOOO feet. The sexes an-
alike in colour, but the wing of the female seems to be 2 or 3 mm. shorter. The
iris is chocolate-brown ; the bill, legs, and claws black.

A young bird from Boutliaiii Peak, fiOOO feet, caugiit in Octolier, has sublermiual
light browu spots and black tips to tlie feathers of the upperside ; tlie feathers of the
underparts are buft", bordered with lilack.

54. Caprimulgus aflBnis Horsf.
A perfectly adult male, Makassar, September 1895.

•3.). Collocalia esciUenta (L.).

Indrulaman and up to about GOOO feet on Bonthain Peak. On November 2nd
a colony was found breeding in a cave near Indrulaman. The nests were not edible.
but consisted of moss, rootlets, lichens, and little twigs, agglutinated and fixed to the
walls of the cave with saliva. Kggs were found in a number of nests, and there were
always two (or one only if incomplete) in a clutch. The eggs measure from 17 to 18
by 10 to ll'l mm. They are not quite equal at both ends, l)ul one end is decidedly
more pointed.

Messrs. Meyer & Wiglesworth mention of specimens from the island of Haiiggai
that their wings were 69 to 90 mm. long, while those from North Celebes had wings
85 to 97 mm. long. Those from Indrulaman have the wings 95 to 102 mm. long.
Unless many of the skins before me are wrongly sexed, which seems not to be
possible, these differences are not sexual, nor can I account for tlinm in any other way.

50. Halcyon chloris (liodd.).
Up to at least IJOOO feet on Pontliain I'^ak.

57. Ceycopsis fallax (Schl).

?. Indrulaman, 2o()0 feet, October 1895. " Iris dark browu; bill and feet and
nails bright coral-red ; middle of culmen faintly tinged with black."

This specimen differs from three skins from Lambeh, North Celebes, in having
the interscapular region of the same l)rowii colour as the wing-coverts and scapulars,
while the Lambeh skins have the inter.scapulium light rufous. Hofrath Meyer, who
has mon> material to compare, kindly informed me that he had siiecimens from the
nortli wliicb did not differ from our Indrulaman skin.

58. Coracias temmiucki (\'ieill.).
September, Makassar ; November, Bulekomba.
'■ ? ad. Iris chocolate ; bill black ; feet olive-yellow ; claws black."

f i.^o )

o9. Microstictus wallacei ('IVcedcl.).

Iniliulaman. " Iris lemoii-vellow ; liill black; feet grpyisb olive ; claws liluckish
brown."

60. lyngipicus temmincki (.'\Ialli.).

Iiidnilaniau and ^lakassar.

(J. " Iris crimson-lake ; bill black : mandilile grey towards the base; feet dirtv
greenish ; nails brown."

01. Cuculus intermedius Vald.

Two grey males, Indrulaman. One of them is very much liroader-barred than
the other.

Two females, Indrulaman, both in the riifoiis plumage. " Iris raw sienna-brown ;
bill brownish black : basal half of mandible greenish yellow ; eyelids ]iure chrome-
yellow ; feet wax-yellow ; claws light brown."

62. Cacomantis virescens (Bitigg.).

Indrulaman and JMakassar.

63. Chalcococcyx malayanus (Raffl.).

(? ? . Indrulaman and ^Makassar. J. " Iris clay-brown : eye-wattle scarlet; bill
black ; legs greyish black ; claws black."

64. Chalcococcyx basalis (Horsf).

a\ female belonging to this species, shot on the Bonthain Peak 6()()() feet high.
The longer wing (this ? has it 97 mm. long), both webs of the second rectri.x from
outside being rufous for the basal two-thirds, the rather broader and paler bands of
the breast, a superciliary whitish line, and a broad dark line from the eye along the
sides of the neck distinguish this species without difficulty from Ch. malayanus,
which is a usual inhabitant of Celebes. I am not aware that Ch. basalis has been
found before in Celebes, but as it inhabits " Australia, Aru Islands, Timor, I'Mores,
Lombock, Java, and reoccurs in ."Malacca" (Shelley, Cat. B. XIX. p. '205), it is not to
be wondered at much.

65. Scythrops novaehollandiae Lath.

Indrulaman. c? ad. " Iris, orbit, cere, and nostrils crimson-lake ; bill horn-white,
clouded with plumbeous grey; feet dark plumbeous."

60. Sumiculus muschenbroeki Meyer.

The greatest surprise to me in this collection was a pair, or rather two males,
of this cuckoo, of which only one specimen, a female, procured in Batjan by Dr. A. B.
Meyer's hunters, was known. Cf. Meyer in Rowley's Ovii. Misc. III. p. 164, Cat.
B. XIX. p. 230. ThoTigh the specimens before me agreed fully with the original
description, I thought it best to have them compared with the type, and therefore
.sent them to Dr. Meyer, who kindly wrote me that they fully agreed with his
bird. The wing of S. muschenlji'oelci has been given as 140 mm., while my specimens
liave wings of 134 — 135 mm. only; but Dr. Jleyer was kind enough to inform me
that really the wing of his bird is only 136 mm. long, according to his own recent

measuring. In oiio of our nuiles the wliile on the oociimt is much more developed
timn in the otlier, and in the tyi)e there is a little less even than in tiie latter. The
white on the shortened outer rectrices is also a little more marked in the two
("elebes specimens, and one of them has also a narrow white tip to one of the
longest rectrices. All these characters, however, vary much in the other sjieoies of
Surnimdus, and they also differ in the two specimens from Celebes.

The specimens were shot ;it Indrulaman, and ;irc in perfect plumage.

tiT. Phoenicophaes calorliynchus meridionalis ( Mey. & yvig\.) (Abh.und Ber. Mus.

Dresden, 189G, No. 2, p. 11).

Three skins from Indrulaman (breed! w) at the time, according to Mr. Kvc>rett)
dift'er considerably from the bii'd from Northern Celelies in ha\ing a much jialer
crown and a decidedly paler throat, and it seems that also the tail is about half an
inch longer than in any of the northern specimens. Messrs. Meyer &\Viglesworth
have (I.e.) proposed the name of Rhamphococcyx calorhynchus meridioncdis for this
form, and the former gentleman kindly compared one of our specimens with their
type. The discovery of Count Berlepsch of the ditTerence between the Plioeiilcophaes
from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo in the diflferent form of the nostrils clearly
shows that the genera Dryococcy.v, Urococcyx, Rhinococcyx, and Rhamphococcyx
cannot be upheld wisely, and the Count also encloses the Phoenicophaes of Ceylon
in the same genus, the latter name thus having the prioritv as the generic title of
t he group.

08. Ceutropus javanicus Dumont.

Indrulaman. " Iris dark brown ; bill black ; legs and claws blackish pluniiieous
(fevtiales)."

(19. Pyrrhocentor celebensis ((Juoy i*i (iaim.).

Indrulaman. ■' cJ. Iris crimson-lake; bill and orbital skin black; legs and
claws blackish plumbeous." These specimens do not belong to P. celfhensis riife.ieens,
a well recognisable subspecies recently described by Messrs. Meyer t'i M'iglesworth,
who received it from Tonkean. Two of the cotypes of the latter are in (he Tring
Museum.

70. Tanygnathus miilleri (Miill. .^ Schleg.).

Apparently common at Indrulaman. The ovaries of the adult females showed
(in October) no sign of enlarged eggs. Tlie bills of the females from Indrulaman
are white, those of the nudes red.

71. Prioniturus platurus (Temm.).

Apparenll\ mu\ rare at Indrulaman. i wing 181 — 18o mm. J. " Iris dark
chocolate; bill black, basal half nearly white; feet greenish grey."

72. Loriculus stigmatus (.Midi, it hichleg.).

Some specimens from Makassar and one frmn Indrulaman. The adult male
from .Makassar has the red of the crown extended much farther back than the
'iivde from Indndaniau.

( Ifil )

73. Trichoglossus ornatus (L.)-

liKlnilainaii. r? ad. " Iris orange; bill orange-red; feet greenish grev ; nails
(laik brown."

7-1. Pisorhina manadensis ((}uoy & Gaim.).
ludrulanian. c?. October 189.5. "Iris oehreous orange ; eere pale brownish;
bill olivaceous horn ; feet brownish white ; claws horn-vellow, the longer ones brown
on the distal half."

75. Ninox punctulata (iaoy & Gaim.

Thvee males from Indrulaman and Jlaka^sar. "Iris dark chocolate ; bill horn-
black; tip and mandible pale horn-colour; feet white; claws dark brown." In the
two other specimens the bill is greenish horn-colour, lilackish towards the base.

The male with the dark bill is of a deep blackish chocolate-colour above ; the
whitish spots incline to cross-bars only on the back and upper wing-coverts; the
markings on the breast and abdomen are very deep brown. The other two mitkn
are of a paler brown above ; the dark colour on the brea.st and abdomen is more
rufous brown ; the pale markings above are more like cross-bars, and in one they are
really short cross-bars everywhere. When .Sharpe described the species in Cat. B.
Vol. II. p. 183, he said that the whitish spots "inclined to bars nowhere excei)t
on the secondaries, and here very minute." However, such specimens seem to lie
rarer than those where there are cross-markings.

76. Strix rosenbergi Schleg.

Indrulaman and Makassar.

(J. "Iris white; bill horn-white, clouded with brown in the middle of the
maxilla ; feet dirty bi-ownish white ; claws dark brown."

This fine owl seems to stand, by its large size as well as by its richly spotted
underside and other colour-character.s, farther away from Strix flanimea iypica than
any of its other numerous subspecies, and may probably well be kept specifically
distinct. The wing of our females is 330 mm. long, that of our male 320.

77. Spilornis rufipectus Gould.

Makassar, Indrulaman, and Bonthain Peak, up to about (!(»()() feet above the sea.

c? ad. " Iris golden yellow ; bill black, basal portion plumbeous grey ; mandible
plumbeous grey, its apical portion black; cere dirty greenish; eyelids dark yellow;
skin of loral region yellow ; legs wax-yellow ; claws black."

c? juv. " Iris golden yellow ; loral skin yellow ; legs dark wax-vellow ; claws
black."

The colour of the breast varies in the old bird, it being much paler in some,
in fact as pale as in Spilornis siilaeiisis, darker in others. The whole throat and
ear-coverts are deep black in an apparently freshly moulted bird.

Mr. Everett procured, during October 1895, fullv adult birds, ((uite young ones,
and others in change of plumage.

There seem to me not to be sufficient reasons to separate the Sula birds
specifically. They can only form a subspecies, those from Peling and Banggai (of
which I have now five before me) standing between the two forms anil hardly ln'ing
sejiaralile from Spilornis rufipectus. See Meyer & Wiglesw., Abli.. and Her. Mus.
Dresden, No. 1, p. 7, 1896.

( ic-^ )

78. Baza celebensis f^chl.
c?. Indrulainan. ?. Indrulaman. "Iris orange-browu ; bill and cere black;
legs white; claws brown." The male agrees with the figure of this species in
Cat. B. Vol. I. PI. X. Sharpe calls it there Baza erythrothorax, but Schlegel's
name has evidently priority, the article of Sharpe being only received liy the
Zoological Society of London in June, and therefore certainly not published in that
same month. The female has the top of the head rufous, broadly streaked with
black. It seems to be immature.

79. Butastur liventer (Temm.).
Makassar, where it is said to be common. The rufous colour of tail and wings
IS darker when the feathers appear and fades when they are worn. The upperside is
sometimes darker (evidently fresh plumage), sometimes paler, and the dark- shaft-
stripes are more or less distinct.

80. Spilospizias trinotatus haesitandus subs]., nov.

Seven skins of adult birds from Bonthain Peak, from Indrulaman to above 6000
feet, differ from a great number of specimens from North Celebes in having the
abdomen paler, in fact white for its greater part, the vent and under tail-coverts
pure white, the thighs pure white or with a very faint rosy shade on their up])er
part only. Abo\-e they are mostly very dark, the head and hindneck being distinctly
paler than the back and rump. Hofrath Dr. A. B. Meyer has confirmed the above-
noted differences in litt. ' I therefore give it a subspecific name, and I believe this
to be the right course. The males are smaller than the females, but do not differ in
colour.

The totally different well-known spotted young bird has the iris lake, bill
black, loral region and base of mandible orange-chrome, legs dark chrome, claws
black. The adult male has the iris chocolate-bro\vii, the bill jet-black, base and
cere orange, legs chrome-yellow, claws black. A young female in the spotted
plumage shows a few slaty feathers above and some salmon-coloured ones on the
breast. The generic name of Spilospizias is now often used for this bird, but
Sharpe {Cat. B. I. 1874) included it in the genus AatuT. I am inclined to think
that it cannot be separated from Astur.

81. Accipiter rhodogaster (Schleg.).
Makassar and Bonthain Peak to above 6000 feet. It is remarkable how closely
this bird must at a distance resemble the Astur trinotatus of Celebes.

82. Tinnunculus moluccensis occidentalis Mey. & Wigl.

Cf. Ahh. and Bet: Miis. Dresden, 1890-07, No. 2, p. 8, February 1896, where
the authors have for the first time separated t he very distinct Celebes form from
Tinnunculm moluccensis typicus. The lighter underparts, lighter under wing-
coverts, and the whitish grey ear-coverts are very characteristic. A specimen from
.lava (collected by Mr. Whitehead) is also referable to this subspecies.

.Mr. Everett sent some skins from .Makassar and from iiliout tiodd feet on
Bonthain Peak.

( 1«3 )

8:;. Circus assimilis .lanl. & Selby.

S aud ? aJ., ¥ juv., witli feathers of crown, sides of head and neck Innadly
margined with rusty rufous. (^ and ? juv. from Indrulaman and Makassar.

? ad. "Iris brown; bill black, basal part pale plumbeous; cere and lores
greenish ; legs very pale wax-yellow ; claws black."

(?juv. "Iris olive-brown; bill black, basal portion pale grey; cere greenish
yellow; lores light greenish ; legs very pale wax-yellow ; claws black."

¥ juv. " Iris golden yellow."

84. Milvus migrans affinis (Gould).

(^ ¥ . ^Makassar. The/e?/i.a/e has the culmen distinctly yellow towards the base
(iu skin).

85. Ptilopus meridioualis (Mey. & Wigl.).

LeuaArcron fischeri mendionaUs Mey. & Wigl., Orn. Mountsber. I. p. 12 ;
PtUopvji meridimialis t^alvad.. Cat. B. XXI. p. 74.

Bonthain Peak aud surrounding hills from about 2500 feet to above (iOOO feet .
The female of this beautiful pigeon is slightly more greenish above, a little more
brownish below, and a little smaller. (J wing 172—175 mm., ¥ wing 165 — IGO mm.
" ? . Iris orange-red ; bill dark leaf-green ; feet dull purplish ; nails brownish
phunbeous."

8(i. Ptilopus temmincki (Des Murs & Pr(5v.) (Cat. 5. XXI. p. 115).

PtUupus foriaosus Gray of the majority of authors.
Indrulaman.

87. Carpophag-a forsteni (Temm.).
Bonthain Peak, 6000 to 6500 feet.

88. Osmotreron wallacei Salvad. {C'(U. B. XXI. j). 42, Pi. II.).

" c?. Iris orange." " ¥. Iris rufous brown, with thin outer ring of dull orange;
biU greenish white ; cere and base of mandible light green ; bare orbital skin lemon-
yellow, tinged with green ; feet carmine ; nails pale brownish grey."

Indrulaman, nesting in October. The male rather more brick-red than specimens
from ]\linahassa, Peling, but otherwise not different.

It is remarkable how closely allied this species is to 0. 'jriaeicauda of Java, though
the differences pointed out by .Salvadori are quite constant.

89. Osmotreron vernans (1..).

Bult^komba, S. Celebes, November 1895, moulting.
Wing (complete) 142 mm. (= 5'6 inches).

Indrulaman.
Indrulaman.

90. Chalcophaps indica (I-.).
91. Tui'tur tigrinus (Temm. iV Knip.).

( IM )

02. Geopelia striata (1..).
Makassar.

93. Tui'acoena manadensis HI & (i.)-

d . October,, Indrulaman. "Iris light brick-red; bare orbital and loral skin
carmine: bill black ; feet black, tinged with purple-red; claws black."

? . October, Indrulaman. '" Iris orange-red ; orbital skin carmine ; feel brown ;
claws brown."

94. Macropygia albicapilla Up.

(? and ?. Indrulaman, (.)ctol)er IS'Jo. " 6. li'i-'^ witli the inner ring bhic, 1 he
outer carmine ; bill black ; feet carmine; claws dark brown."

The feathers of the hindneck of the male have very strong purpHsh refleclions,
but otherwise it agrees with specimens from other parts of Celebes.

9o. Gallus gallns (1..).

Hulckomba.

96. Turnix rufilatus \\all.

Makassar and Indrulaman. J. "Iris white; liill greenisli yelluw ; tip and ridge
of culnien brown ; legs greenish yellow." The female has the forehead and lores bhick,
but the male has these parts speckled dark brownish black and white or whitish.

97. Hypotaenidia philippinensis (h.).
? ad. Bulekomba. " Ii-is crimson-lake ; liill light red; apira! tliird horn-brown;
legs greyish white."

98. Gallinula chloropus orientalis (Horsf.).

cj. Bulekomba. All the specimens of GaUi/mla cldorupiis from the I'lasi now
before me are very much smaller than those from Europe, so that I am incHned
to believe it can stand as a well-marked subspecies. The male from Bulekomija
(apparently adult) has the wing only 154 mm.; Sharpe gives 7-3 inches = 18;j mm
as the length of the male of the species in the Cat. B. XXIII. p. 173.

99. Phoyx manilensis (Meyen).
liulekomba. .^harpe considers the Eastern Ked Herons to lie specifically distinct
from \.he Ardea jpv/rpwrea of Euroi)e, and also places them in a separate genus, PAoya;.

Bulekomba.

'ulekoinlia.

Makassar.

10(1. Ardetta cinnamomea (Om.).

HI). Bubulcus coromandus (Bodd.).

102. Ardeola speciosa f Horsf).

( 1C.5 )

103. Nettion gibberifrons (.Mull.).

(See Salvadori's de.scriiition and remarks G<U. B. XXVII. pp. '255, 2.5(i.)

November, Bulekomba. cJ- " Iris lake-red ; bill above and feet shining lead-
grey." The females are decidedly »urA\\er llian the iiudes, the culmen being about
8 mm. shorter, the wings about 10 mm., the middle toe about 4 or 5 mm. shorter.
The difference in size of the sexes is remarkable, and seems a further proof that
N. gihherifrons is really quite distiuct from N. castaiiewiii, though the femalen,
according to Count Salvadori, seem not distinguishable.

It is evident from the above list that much interesting work is still left for an
able collector ou the higher mountains of Celelies. Such forms as Meridd celebensis,
Aruh-ophilii^, Cldorocharls, and perhaps Sijjhia boidluUna sliow interesting similarities
with the ornis of the high mountains of Borneo. The butterflies, I believe, will show
corresponding facts. It is most probable that all the very high mountains from
North India to the outmost branches of the Indo-^Ialayan region have great similarities
in the fauna of their highest regions— witness the Himalayas, the Guuoug Ijau in
Perak, the Kina Balu, the high mountains in Java and Sumatra, and Bonthain Peak.
Thev may be remainders of very ancient times, as the fauna of the intervening plains
is often totally different. Similar cases are known to exist in Europe and elsewhere.
It is most desirable that more of the higher regions of high mountains — tliat is to say,
the parts from above 3000 feet and upwards— should be explored ; and there are many
left untouched or but partly known, even in better known countries, such as the Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java. It is also of utmost interest to know whether the
highest peaks in New Guinea take part of the Indo-Malayan highland ornis, though
it is more likely, perhaps, that they are, and have always been, out of their influence.

Species like Sinmiculus muschenbroekl and Ldage timoriensis represent Moluccan
and Sundanese elements, the occurrence of which will probably appear less remarkable
when all the gaps between the dift'erent larger groups are filled in, for instance when
a thorough exploration of the Sula grouj) has taken place— witness also the ornis of
Saleyer, Ujampea, and Kalao.

II.

THE BIRDS OF SALEYER, D.IAMPEA, AND KALAO.

After the successful exploration of Bonthain Peak in South Celebes, Mr. Everett
.sent his men to Saleyer, and afterwards went there himself, and also to the islands of
Kalao and Djampea, between Flores and the southern part of Celebes and Saleyei-.
On some maps they are called " Schiedam Islands," but this name is not generally
known. Saleyer, Salayer, Seleyer, Selayer, Silajara, or Boegeroens Island, is about
forty miles long, but only from one to seven miles in width. "It is very poimlons.
and the people are industrious, raising considerable quantities of produce. The teak
tree has been planted, and flourishes; cattle, fowls, and vegetables are plentiful, and
the woods abound with deer. It is said that this island is the division of the climate
systems of the eastern and western parts of the archipelago, the rainy season being
reversed, and conforming to the west with the north-westerly and to tlie east witli
the south-eastcrlv muusoun" (Findlay, Iiulian Archipdago Dlrectwy, p. 803).

12

( l<i« )

Not iiiucli is known of the fauna of Saleyer, but lepidopteni have been collected
there bj several collectors. Ornithologically it was unexplored until 1889, when
Prof. Max Weber obtained there twenty-two specimens of birds, representing fourteen
species, from January 13th to 19th. Dr. Biittikofer gave a list of these in Weber's
Zoolog. Erjjebnlsse einer Reise in NiederUindisch Ost-Indien. A'ol. III. Tlic species
obtained by Prof. Weber were : —

1. Hcdiartusleucogaster {(im.). 8. Lalage timwienais (MnW.).

2. AJcedo bewiahnsis Gm. 9. Vhibia lencopfi (\\'all.).

3. Ilalcijmi cltlorin (]'>o(\d.). 10. Treron griseicanda (iru,y.-t

4. Sip/da banyimias (Horsf.).* 11. I'l ilopics melanaucfien (i^a.l\&d.).

5. Pachycephala teysmanni Biittik. 12. Mucropj/giamncKsaarietisix'W'aW.

6. P. wphea 3-M-d. i;i. E ri/thra phueidcunt (Penw.).

7. Artamus lencogaster (Valenc). 11. Tutamvs hypoleucos (L.).

It will be seen from the following article that Jlr. Everett's collections have
added a good number of species to the Saleyer list. " Small as the number of species
recorded by me from Saleyer may be," says Biittikofer, I.e., " it proves nevertheless, by
the presence oi Pachycepludd orphca and Lid(i(/e timorienfiis, that the ornis of this
island, which must geographically be looked upon as a continuation of the Southern
Peninsula of Celebes, and may also be regarded so ornithologically, represents some
relationship with the ornis of the Timor grou|), though not with that of Klores, as
one might have expected from the geographical situation."

Djanipea, Jampea, Tjampeah, or Tana Djampea (the land of Djanipea). is the
largest island of the little grouji sometimes called the " Schiedam Islands," and is
alx)ut fifteen miles in length. It has a rugged appearance and is mountainous, the
hills being covered with high trees, but it terminates to the eastward and northward
in low points. There are rivers with good water. No birds, as far as I know, ha\c
ever been recorded from Djampea, though a list of lepidoptera from that island has
been given by Snellen.

Kcdao, or Lumbego as it is called by the natives, lies less than ten miles to the
south-east from Djampea, and is a narrow mountainous island, thirteen or fourteen
miles in length from east to west. Off the east end is BonenUe Island, with a safe
channel between. No list of birds from Kalao has ever been given, nor does any one
seem to have collected any birds there ; but Messrs. Sarasin visited Bonerate and
collected there five species of birds, which were recorded by Messrs. Mevcr &
Wiglesworth in Abh. und Ber. Mas. Dresden, No. 1, 1896, p. Hi. They are :—

1. Artamus leucogaster (\'alenc.). 4. Oriolus bomratensis n. sp.

2. Cyrtostomii^ sp. 5. Megapodiits duperreyi L. & G.

3. Zosterops intermedia \\'all.

The following list will showtlie excellent ornithological work done by INIr. Everett
and his men on these islands, and we confidently liope that we shall .soon receive
collections from him from other hitherto unexplored or but imperfectly known islands
of the Eastern Archipelago.

1. Pratincola caprata (L.).
(??. Saleyer.

• This is my S. i'missa.—\i. H. f This is Tirnm waltacd S.-ilvail.— K. 11.

( KiT )

2. Phylloscopus borealis (Ula.'^.).
Saleyer, one sjiecimen ; Kalao, two specimens.

3. Dicaeum splendidum Biittik. {Notes Leyd. Mus. t.c).

A series of both sexes from ])j<impea. The principal differences from D. iiMckloti
are the coloui' of the throat, which is mucli lighter, more vermilion, and extends
farther down on the breast, and the greatly diminished dark surroundings of the
red throat. They are broad and deep Ijlack in D. 'inaddoi'i, while they are blackish
grey and narrow in D. splendidum. The colour of the back varies and is not
constantly different in the two species. My birds have been compared with the
type in Leyden.

The female is dark olive-grey above and on the sides of neck and head; rump
and upper tail-coverts vermilion ; the wings bluish black, with narrow olive outer
edges ; tail bluish lilack. Below creamy white. A.x.illaries, under wing-coverts,
and inner wing-lining white. Wing 51 — 52 mm. The immature male is like the
female.

S. "Iris dark brown; bill black; mandible grey, palest at base; feet and
claws very dark grey, almost black." ? . " Iris dark brown ; basal portion of maxilla
and two-thirds of mandible dull orange ; feet and claws greyish black."

Dr. Biittikofer described this species from Makassar! (See Cinnyris teysmanni,
lihipidura celebensis.)

4. Cinnyris frenata dissentiens Hartert (anter!, p. 152).

As mentioned above, there are five skins from Saleyer, four adult males and one
immature mtde, which are paler below than my type from Indrulaman, but 1 have
only one from the latter place in the most perfect and freshest plumage, while those
from Saleyer are not in such fresh plumage. However, I think it most likely that
the Saleyer bird always dift'ers slightly from that from South Celebes. In that case
it would have to be considered, so to say, a form of C frenata dissentiens, just as
the latter is rather a form of C. frenata plateni than of C. frenata typica; but we
can only call the present form C frenata dissentiens, and, in case that fi-om Saleyer
should constantly differ, would have to call it, by a trinomial, a ^ubspiecies of
G. frenata, as otherwise we should get into a perfect labyrinth of names, which
would be impossible to use.

5. Cinnyris teysmanni Biittik. {Notes Leyd. Mas. XV. j). 179, 1893).

Common on the islands of Djampea and Kalao; specimens from the I wo islands
do not differ. I sent a mfde to my friend Dr. Biittikofer. who kindly compared it
with the type and found them to be identical. The pectoral tufts, however, are
more or less tinged with orange in nearly all the specimens before me, but this i.s
absent in a few, probably fading in time. The adult male is very e.xactly described
by the author {I.e.), but the female was not known. It is greyish olive above, washed
with green on the rump and the margins of the (prills. A whitish yellow sujierciliary
line over the eye. Beneath lemon-yellow, paler in younger birds, and always paler
on the throat and under tail-coverts. Under wing-coverts and inner lining of wing
whitish. Outer rectrices broadly ti|iped with white, these tips decreasing in extent

( KiS )

towards the middle, so that the centre ones are only narrowly fringed with white on
the tip. Wing abont 2 or :i mm. shorter than in the nuilc.

The species has originally been described from the Makassar district in iVleljes.
It was collected by the distinguished Dutch botanist Teysraann. As the bird is so
common on Djampea and Kalao, hut was not found in Saleyer, nor near AIaka.ssar
bv recent collectors, one cannot hel)) being somewhat scejitical with regard to the
locality "Makassar district," especially as Teysmann travelled over many jiarts of
the Eastern Archipelago, no original labels, as far as I know, having been attached
to his birds. Some of his many important discoveries are species jieculiar to the
Celebes 'highlands, as we have seen in the preceding article on the birds of Bonthain
Peak.

0. Myzomela chloroptera Wald.

Saleyer and Djampea. The same as the Celebes form. The young ni'di: is like
the adult feimdc. Many intermediately' coloured specimens.

7. Zosterops intermedia Wall.
Saleyer, Djampea, and Kalao. The species was first described from Celebes
(.Makassar), but it is said to occur also in Lombok and Ternate.

8. Authus gustavi Swinh.
Djamiiea and Kalao. This species breeds in Siberia and wanders southwards
to Timor, Celebes, and the Moluccas.

9. Motacilla flava L.
Saleyer, Kalao.

10. Munia molucca (L.).

A series from Saleyer and Kalao. They agree entirely with specimens iVoni
Celebes. These latter have been included with his subspecies propinqua (from
Flores) by Sharpe, Cat. B. XIII. p. 368, though he admits that they stood somewhat
between the two forms, and have been united with M. Ttiolucca iiy Biittikofcr,
Weber's Reiae, III. p. 280. Messrs. Meyer & Wiglesworth also say that they are inter-
mediate, but call them M. molucca (Abk. und Ber. Miis. Dresden, 1896, No. 1, p. 13).
I cannot see any constant differences between Celebes and Moluccan birds, and those
from Saleyer and Kalao do not differ either, though sonw few specimens have
perhaps a little whiter breast, thus apparently pointing towards the Flores form.

11. Artamus leucogaster (Valenc).

Sale^'er and Djampea. The young bird (Djampea) has a brown beak, a very
pale grey throat, the feathers on the back tipped with ochraceous brown, the remiges

and rectrices tipped with whitish.

12. Calomis minor (Bp.).
Saleyer and Djampea. ? juv. " Iris olive-yellow; bill and legs dull Mack."

i:>. Dicrurus leucops Wall.
S ?. Saleyer. One very young wilhout the glos.^^y tips to the feathers.

( I'io )

14. Oriolus bonerateusis Mcy. i*i: ^^'it<l.

Ahh. Wild Bev. Mus. Dresden, 1896, ^'o. 1, p. Ifi (January 189fi). P'ound in Djampea
aiifl Kalao, but more numerous in Kalao. Tliis large Oriole has been well charac-
terised by the authors, who had one female from Bonerate, collected by IMessrs.
Sarasin; but it is perhaps nearer to 0. hroderipi than one might have imagined
from their description. The size of the bill in 0. hroderipi varies considerably, as
does the length of the wing. So does also the width of the black surrounding the
crown, but there always remains a considerably larger yellow spot on the crown in
0. honeratensis, the bill is always larger, and the black surrounding the crown is
narrower. The speculum on the wing is mostly larger than in 0. hroderipi, but
smaller in some (not all) females. The primaries do not have yellow tips, as they
have in 0. hroderipi, liut the secondaries are tipped with yellow, though the latter
varies very much in extent, is wider and more greenish in sovae females and (probably
younger) males, and is wanting in a few of the females. The yellow tips to the
secondaries, however, are larger in 0. hroderipi. The extent of black on the rectrices
varies much, as in 0. hroderipi, though it is generally extended more towards the
tips, but the central rectrices are also tijiped with yellow, as in 0. })rodxripi, in every
one of the large series before me.

The colour is of a pti.re and perfect orantje in some specimens ; in others some
feathers are orange, others yellow; in some the whole plumage is washed with yellow,
while others are of a pure lemon-yellow without a shade of orange, and of the latter
some have the mantle faintly tinged with greenish. These variations in colour are
either due to age or perhaps to food, but not to sex or locality, specimens from Kalao
being perfectly similar to those from Djampea. Herr Hofrath Meyer has kindly
compared some of my birds with his type of O. honeratensis, and declared it to be
the same bird. The wing measures 162 — 178 mm., the tail 123 — 133, the tarsus
26 — 29, the culmen 36 — 38. The sexes are alike, unless many are wrongly sexed.

6 . " Iris deep cinnabar-red ; bill white, tinged with ro.sy red ; feet dark olivaceous
grey." ?. "Iris crimson-lake; liill horn-white, tinged with rose-colour; feet dark
lead-grey."

lo. Pachycephala teysmanni Kiutik. (Notes Leyd. Mvs. XV. p. IGT).

A series from Saleyer only. d. "Iris brown; bill jet-black ; legs and feet with
claws dark grey." Ur. Biittikofer has kindly compared one of our males with his type,
and found them to be quite alike. He described it from South Celebes. P\urther
researches must show whether it occurs there too, or whether it is restricted to
Saleyer.

The female resembles the viale, but the white of the throat does not extend so
far down towards the breast ; the top of the head is not dark slaty-grey but palei-
grey, the lores tinged with ochraceous, the ear-coverts pale fawn-colour with paler
shafts. Wing 73 mm. A very young male, just out of nesi, resembles the old
female; but the breast and abdomen are white streaked with dark brown, the mantle
washed with brown. In the fully adult male in fresh plumage the ear-coverts are
darker than the crown, in fact almost black.

The female of I'. teysm,anni resembles mnch ihc female of P. everetti, hut the
latter has a larger bill, the head not clear grey, the liack and rump not so greenish.
The mates are, as a comparison of the descrijrfions will show, entirely ditlerent, the

( 170)

tatter belonging to the section of the gi-nus in which the mnlefs are black and yellow
ami tlie />(/i«/e8 quite (lift"i-icnt, while tlie fonniT belongs to the group in whicli the
sexes (iift'er but slightly.

l(i. Pachycephala everetti sp. nov.

Pachycephalii ex affinitate spccicrum P. melanura, P. clio, P. fulvotinda
dictarnm, sed ultiniae proxinia. S ad. Capite et collari pectorali nigris. Mento
CTulaiiue pure albis. Pectore, abdomine, subcaudalibus aurantio-flavis. Subalaribus
Havescentibns. Tibiarum plninis nigris et flavis. Collari nnchali (saepc indistineto)
flavo, tectricibus supraeaudalibus nigris, plus minusve flavo linibatis, notaeo reliquo
virescente olivaceo-flavo, plus minusve nigro intermixto. Remigibns nigris, pogoniis
externis cinereo raarginatis. Tectricibus alae nigris. Eectricibus nigri.s, olivaceo-
viridi terniinatis. Al. 80 mm.; caud. G4 — G6 ; culm. 19; tars. 23. ? ad. Sni)ra
olivaceo-bruunea, capite grisescente, uropygio ochraceo lavato. Uemigibns nigrescenti-
bns, pogoniis externis uro])ygii colore limbati.s. Cauda olivaceo-viridi. (iula albida.
Subcaudalibus citrino-flavis. Gastraeo reliijuo ochraceo-lutoso. .Subalaribus albidis.
^Magnitudine maris.

Hah. lusula r>jam|)ea sic dicta.

A fine series of this new species from Djampea. The top of the head to the
nape, the surrounding of the eyes and ear-coverts, and connected with this black area
a band acros.s the jugulum black. Chin and throat white, rest of under surface orange-
yellow, a little more orange on the breast; thighs black, but with broad yellow tips
to the feathers; an indistinct yellow collar across the hindneck. Intcrscapulium,
back, and rump greenish olive-yellow, more or less mottled with black, caused by
the feathers being black towards the base; wing-coverts black, some of the larger
sometimes with narrow yellow edges ; upper tail-coverts black, sometimes narrowly
edged with olive-yellow ; wing-quills black, j)rimaries with narrow grey outer edges,
secondaries with pale brownish tips; tail black, tipped with olive-green. This is the
colour of the majority of specimens. The black lower parts of the feathers above are
more or less conspicuous, from the greenish olive-yellow edges being narrower or
broader. In a few specimens there are no black spots at all on the upperside.
These must, I think, be very old individuals, as a bird just changing (by moult) from
the immature dress to that of the adult has a fair amount of black on the back,
though not on the rump. Perhaps, however, there is only much individual variation.
In the spotless individuals the yellow collar on the hindneck is also more visible,
while it is obsolete in the majority of specimens. The immature male is like the
adult jeraale. S. ad. "Iris crimson-lake; bill jet-black ; legs plumbeous or plum-
beous blue-grey; claws darker grey or brown." The /em«?e.s have the throat sometimes
quite white, sometimes less .so. The iris of the/em«/e and young male is brown.

-Mr. Everett found this Pachycephala common on the island of Djaujpca. It
resembles P. fidvoHncta Wall, from Flores (Gadow, Cat. B. VIII. p. 19(i), which also
varies somewhat, but has not so much orange on the breast, has the lesser wing-
coverts black, the back not uniform as a rule, the /enia/e somewhat different in colour.

IT. Edoliosoma emancipata -p. u^n.

This new species, of whicj] we have a fair series IVum Djampea only, is chiefly
characterised in the/e(/if(/e. Tlie male very closely resembles that of E. amboinense
Hartl. (as the species must be called according to Salvad., Orv. Papva/s. II. p. l.ifi,

( 171 >

not E. cerame^ise, as it is termed in Cat. B. 1\. p. 47), lait the wing seems to be
slightly longer; the grey edges on the wing-coverts and secondaries are broader.
The female ditfers entirely from that of E. amboinense, wliich is ashy brown above,
in being above light slaty grey, and there is no fawn-coloured superciliary streak, as in
the female of that species. The ear-coverts are light slaty grey, streaked with white.
There is a slight brownish wash on the runij). The young bird is narrowly barred
with dusky black on the npperside, as the remaining feathers in one of the females
clearly indicate.

S ad. Wing 132 — 138 mm. ; tail 113; culmen 25—26; width of bill at nostrils 9;
tarsus 23. ? ad. " Iris chocolate-brown ; bill jet-black; legs, feet, and claws greyish
black." Wing 129-132 mm.

Several of the species of Edoliosoma are very closely allied, and a large material
from many places is still required to understand them thoroughly.

The male of E. tim.oriense is quite different from E. emancipata, not having any
black in the face. E. tenuiroatns of Australia is much like it, but the wings and
wing-coverts are bordered with grey only, not with grey and white outer edges;
the females also differ.

18. Lalage timoriensis (S. Miill).
Saleyer, Djampea, Kalao. (Blittik., I.e., Saleyer.)

19. Culicicapa helianthea Wall.
S. Saleyer. Identical with sjiecimens from Celebes.

20. Gerygone flaveola Cab.

Like the specimen from Indrulaman, Imt looking paler because not in such
fresh plumage.

Two males from Saleyer.

21. Myiagra rufigula Wall.

Djampea and Kalao. ? . " Iris dark brown ; bill black ; mandible pale blue,
with black tip ; legs and claws greyish black.''

The male^nA fernxde are well described in the LU. B. The younger female
(and male) are still 'more uniform above than the adult /emaie, and the throat is still
paler This species bears much resemblance with M. alhiventris from Samoa, but
the greyish (not deep black) lores, the smaller bill, and the greater extent of the
rufous colour underneath distinguish it without difficulty.

The species is otherwise an inhabitant of the Timor group of islands.

■1'2. Siphia omissa I

larterl.

See antea, pp. 71 and l.J7.

A fine series from Salever shows that the bir.ls from that island entirely agree
with those from Celebes. The wale of S. omissa is jialer blue above than that of
S. Imnyumas, the bill is a little narrower, hut altogether the differences between the
males are trifling, while those between the females of the two species are very ohNious.

( 1"-^ )

Tlio feet in S. omissn are described on tlie labels as "light pui-plisb brown," while
thev are given as "dark brownish grey '' on labels attached to skins of S. hnni/Kmns
from Borneo, also collectefl bv Mr. K\i'rctt. The legs of S. oriiissa look mostly much
]ialer in dry skins tlian those of <S. hanyumas.

23. Siphia djampeana s\). nov.

(S mari S. onvissae similis, sed macula gulari alba, rostro majore, regione nialiui
et auriculari nigris distinguendus. ? maris S. omissae colore, .sed rost ro majore.

Hab. Insula Djampea sic dicta.

A good series of this fine new SijJiia from Djampea. It is remarkable that the
feinnle of S. djampeana does not resemble the fenuilf. of S. oraissa, but only diflers
from its own nivde in the almost total absence of the white throat-spot, thus closely
resembling the male of S. ortvissa, or rather more so that of S. hanyumas, which
also has a tinv whitish spot just below the black chin. In fact it can only be
distinguished from the 'males of S. bainjiimas and S. otiiissn by a slightly larger bill
and darker, almost entirely black, ear-coverts and malar region.

The m/de of S. djampeana is above everywhere uniform blu<>, the forehead and
a narrow line to over the eye lighter and brighter blue. Lores, from nostrils to eye,
chin and malar region, with ear-coverts, black, the latter slightly tinged with lilue.
A white gular patch, larger in adults, smaller in young birds, under the chin; all
the rest of the under surface orange-rufous. Under wing-coverts white, washed with
orange-rufous. " Iris dark brown ; bill black ; legs and feet dark purplish grey ;
claws blackish." Wing 78 — 81 mm.; tail 67 — 69; tarsus 18 — 19; culmen 17.

The young bird is above brownish, spotted with orange-rufous ; there is no black
on the chin, and the feathers of the breast have blackish edges.

24. Siphia kalaoensis sji. nov.

5 mari S. djampeanae similis, sed gula, jugulo, peeloreque alhis hand difficile
distinguendus. ? mari similis, sed macula gulari et pectoris lateribus tantuni alliis,
itaque mari S. djampeccnae simillima.

Hah. Insula Kalao sic dicta.

A good series of males and two females from Kalao. This species bears about,
though not quite, the same relationship to S. djampeana as the latter does to
S. omissa, the mxde of S. djampeana being obviously different, while the female
of S. hdaoeiisis is practically indistinguishable from the male (not so from the
female) of S. djamjjeana.

6 ad. Upperside entirely like that of ,S'. djanipeana. On tlie underside the black
chin is often washed with blue, the throat and breast are white, the abdomen pale
orange-rufous, the under tail-coverts white, more or less washed with pale orange-
rufous. Under wing-coverts white, a little washed with orange-rufous. The female is
like the male, except that the breast is strongly washed with orange-rufous and that
the under tail-coverts are coloured like the abdomen. The female is, therefore,
practically indistinguishable from the male of S. djavipeana, but the breast is
paler. Wing 76—78 mm. ; tail 65— 68 ; tarsus 19— 20; cnhncn 16—17. The female
is a little smaller, with the wing 72 mm.

The increase in white on the underparts in these fl3'catchers from Celebes and
Saleyer to Djjimppa and Kalao is very interesting, and it would be a pleasure (o

( lT:i )

know whether or not the other islands more to tlie south and south-east also have
such i'oriris, in which the white may still more increase in extent.

A closer examination of the fauna of Flores especially would, 1 liclieve, reveal
many interesting forms, as the island is hut imjierfeclly known.

2.5. Rhipidura celebensis Hiittik.

This species was described by Dr. Blittikofer in his excellent review of the genus
Rhipidura in Notes Leyden Mus. XV. p. 79, as coming from Makassar, Celebes.
Future explorations will have to prove whether it ever occurs there, but I cannot iielp
doubting it somewhat, as it was found by Everett and his men in Kalao and Djamjiea
only, but not in .Saleyer nor in Celebes. Dr. Kiittikofer has been kind enough to
compare our male, from Kalao with his type, and found it identical with the latter.
It is the only specimen 3Ir. Everett .sent from Kalao, but there are two nudes and a
female hova Djampea. They have the jugular black spot not of such a deep black,
the abdomen and breast not so pure white, but more oi' less tinged with fulvous, the
forehead not so bright rufous, and the upper wing-coverts tipped with rufous. Not-
with.standing these differences, they belong, I think, to the same species, as those
from Djampea seem to be, all three, immature liirds, one of them undoubtedly being
young, and the characters in which they differ not being equally develojied in them.
The ninle (Djampea) has the " iris dark lirown ; bill dark bro-wn ; mandible ochreous,
dark brown towards the tiji ; legs pale grey."

26. Monarcha inornatus (<iarn.).

Common on Djampea Island.

(?. " Iris dark brown; bill pale slate-blue, whit i.sh at tip; legs and claws dark
slate-blue."

?. " Iris dark brown; bill horn-black, white at the tip; legs slate-blue; claws
brownish grey."

The specimens are what I believe to be typical M. inoriKda. They are slightly
paler rufous on the abdomen than specimens from Peling and Banggai. See Mey. i^l:
Wiglesw., Ahh. und Ber. Mm. Dresde.n, 1890, No. 2, p. 14.

27. Monarcha everetti sp. nov.

Monarcha. mari chalybeo-atra, uropygio, supracaudalibus, pectore, abdominc,
corporis lateribus, sul)caudalibus, axillaribus, subalaribus, remigum pogoniis internis
iid basin, caudae basi imo albis, reniigibus lateribus tribus extimis latissime, quarta
niinore jiro parte in apice albis. Femina suijra brunnescente gri.sea, loris alliidis, alis
brunneis, subtus albida, ochraceo-rufo lavata, cauda nigra, albo notata, sicut in mari.

Al. (? 69 mm. ; caud. 72 ; tars. 19; culm. 16.

Hah. Insula Djampea sic dicta.

A good series of adult Ta(des was collected on the island of Djampea in December
1895. They are black with a steel-blue gloss, the tail less glossy. The rumi) and
upper tail-coverts, breast, abdomen, sides of body, axillaries, and under wing-coverts,
inner webs of remiges towards the base, the utmost base of tail, broad tips to rectrices,
aliout 2,i mm. in first, about 20 mm. in second, about 1.5 mm. in third, and a small
tip of a few mm. in fourth, white. Thighs black, some of the feathers with white tijis.
The primaries have more or less indistinct brownish edges in the middle of the outer
webs. "Iris dark brown; bill and legs light blue; claws dark grey." Length

( 171 )

about 14 rill.; wing GG — 09 mm.; tail ubout 70 — 72; tarsus 19: (•iiliiicii Hi -17.
Several evidently immature specimens, /;1'/'/m, have t lie mani le dark cinereous grev,
hut the steel-black colour of" the adult iiinle seems gradually to spread over it in one
specimen, as if it was changing its colour. The feathers of (lie lliroal and jui,niluni
in these specimens are tipped with white.

There is only one specimen, in abraded i)luniage, that is niarkcd " ? ."' Ii ditVcrs
entirely from the mule, as we might exjiect in any Moniirchu or PicorliyHclnus. Il
is above cinereous grey, slightly washed with brown. Lores whitish. A spot behind
the eye pale whitish grey. Wings dark brown, inner welis wliitc Unvards the base.
No white on rump and ujiper tail-coverts ; tail as in the 'iiialt'. Inder surface whitish,
washed with pale orang<>-rufous, especially on the breast ; aluloinen almo.st white.
Thighs pale brownish ; under wing-coverts and axillaries dirty white. " Iris chocolate ;
bill pale lead-blue, black at ape.x ; legs dark slate-blue; claws blackish." As this
specimen comes from the same island, as the size of hill and markings of tail agree
with those of the 7ftr(/« (wings not exactly measurable, being niuch abraded and partly
damaged^), I do not at all doubt that this bird really is l\a' fennile of M. everetti mihi,
and we know that the females in this genus always differ from the vude, in some
cases even more strikingly than in this. The species belongs to riezm'h;/nchii8, if
that genus can be separated from Monarcha, as limited in the VaUiJ. of Birds. Vol. IV.
It does not agree with any of the known species, though the coloration i^ of a
pattern common in so many birds.

28. Pitta virginalis sp. nov., or Pitta irena virginalis subsp. don-.

Pitta speciei P. irenn dictae similis .sed macula mentali nigra minore (interdnm
indicata tantum), stria superciliari brunnescentiore et multo latiore, ala paulhuu
breviore distinguenda. Ala 103 — -109 mm.

Hah. Insula Pjampea sic dicta.

(J? ad. Hill horn-Iilack (A. Everett) (evidently jiale at base in P. irena — in
skin). Iris dark brown ; crown, nape, and side of head deep lilack ; broad su|ierciliary
.stripes from the base of the bill to the nape, where the two aiijiroach each other
a little, deep buff, very faintly, hardly perceptibly, tinged with greenish towards thi'
end ; mantle, outer edges of remiges, greater wing-coverts, and tips of the black
rectrices dark green ; rest of remiges black, with a white speculum on the jirimaries.
Under wing-coverts black ; lesser wing-coverts and rump pale shiny .sky-bhic ; upper
wing-coverts black, with narrow dark green edges. Chin more or less black, generally
for about 10 mm., in one for 13 mm., and in one white with a few black featliers
only. (In P. irena black for about, at least, 2,5 mm., and reaching in a point towards
the throat.) Beneath deep fawn-colour; throat white, shading into the fawn. Centre
of lower abdomen, crissum, and under tail-coverts scarlet, on the abdomen t inged
and mixed with black. Thighs fawn; legs and feet white, tinged with |iinkish; claws
dark grey.

Total length about 170—18(1 inni. ; culiueu 2.); wing lo:) — 111!); tail 38--39 ;
tarsus 35.

As said bcfiire, this bcauliful and hitherto uiikMowii toriii of J'illa, fmni an
ornithologically hitherto (juite virgin island, is nearest to Pilla ireiui fioni Tiinor
and some other small islands of the Timor grou)!, but is at once distinguished by

the very broad (twice as br()a<l) superciliary stri| f deep hulV (ir fawn-colour, ami

by the smaller extent of the black on the chin, also by a .--lightly shorter wing.

( IT.T )

Future explorations of tlie adjoining islands and larger series of P. irena must dei-ide
whether we have to keep the Djampea form as a species or as a subspecies. Of
Pitta irena I have on I3' seen two skins, one in the Tring Museum and one in I hi'
British Museum.

From Piitn vigorsi, from Banda, I)ammar, Timorlaut, if is distinguished l)y
some black on the chin (there is iwne in P. virjorsi), and by a differently coloured
superciliary stripe, also slightly different dimensions ; from P. concinna, from
Lombock and Flores, also by a differently coloured superciliary stripe, wliich in the
latter passes into a very pale blue behind the eye, and by much less black on the
throat. Pitta vigm'si, irena, and concinna are different from each other, but at
least as closely allied as P. virrjinalis to any of its congeners. Wishing to have
a comparison made with the type, I sent a skin of my new species and our skin
of P. irena to Dr. Biittikofer, who informed me that the latter entirely agreed with
the type, while the one from Djampea "was unlike any Pitta in the Leyden Museum,"
where they have all the allied forms.

29. Macropteryx wallacei (Gould).
Both sexes from Saleyer. Xot different fmm Celebes specimens.

30. Collocalia esculenta (!>.).

Two females from Kalao. Wing in both 93 mm. long, which is considerably
.shorter than in oiu' Celebes specimens. See Mey. & Wiglesw., t.c. No. '2, [1. 14,
where measurements from G9 to lOl'G mm. are given, and anted, p. 158.

31. Collocalia francica (Gm.).

Two fully-feathered nestlings and a number of nests and eggs from Pulau Batu,
Djampea, taken on December 6th, 1895. At this date nests contained eggs (always
two each), and young in all stages. The ne.sts are good white " edible" ones, some
(probably older ones) being less white, two nests or more often hanging together.
The eggs, being large in proportion to the bird, measure 19'8 bv 13'4, 20-4 by 129,
19 by 13'3 mm. The wings of the nestlings are not measurable. The tarsi have a
few scanty feathers on them ; the rump is of a pale brownish grey, not very olnious.
It is a pity there is no adult liird with them.

32. Caprimulgus macrvirus Horsf.

Atypical viale from Saleyer, wing 184 mm.; n fi'nialr, wing 178 mm., and a
nestling from Djampea.

33. Halcyon chloris (Bodd.).

Saleyer and Djampea. The bills measure as follows (from anterior end of nostril
to tip) : d Saleyer, 40 mm. ; S Saleyer, 37 mm. ; c^ Djampea, 41 mm. ; ? Djampea,
39'5 mm. On the whole the specimens from Celebes, and the islands north and east
of it, seem to be somewhat short-beaked ; but the individual variation is very great,
even in the same country. See Mey. A Wigl., t. c. No. 2, ]). 12, 189().

34. Alcedo ispidoides I -ess,
Saleyer and Djampea.

( 17(; )
:5.'). Eurystoinus orientalis (L.)-

A pair iVoin njaiiiiica. I consider them to be tvpical A', orienliiiis. (Sep Meyer
A Wig!., t.c. No. 2, |i. 13)

:>(!. Cuculus iutermedius \'aiil.

Saleyer, Djampea, Kalao. Adult in grey plumage, all marked " male" some
young; females in grey as well as in rufous plumage. In one adult male wing 7'9.j
inches long. (See Shelley, Cat. B. XIX. pp. 241 ff.)

37. Centropus javanicus Dumont.

Djampea and Kalao. r?. "his elioeulate-lirown." ?. "Iris dark brown"
(Djampea).

:')8. Cacatua sulphurea ((im.).

Two femalea from Djampea seem to belong to this speeies, though the billj are
very small. They measure only 2-1 mm. from end of cere to tip. The wings 223 to
230 mm. They are exactly like Celebes specimens, except for the small size of the
bills, and the\' do not belong to C. parvida from the Timor group, which liardlv
dei-erves more than subspecitic rank, though it certainly is not the same as C. didplinreji.
?. " Iris crimson-lake : orbital skin white ; bill greyish black ; feel dark grev ; claws
blackish."

39. Tanygnathus megalorhynchus (Hodd.).

Common on Djamjiea Island.

? ad. "Iris, before skinning, white (probably pale yellow in life?); bill dee|i
wax-red; feet olivaceous grey ; claws blackish grey." The females are considerablv
smaller than the nudes, specially with smaller beaks and shorter wings, but the
variation.s in size are also remarkable apart from sex.

The distribution of this parrot is remarkable. Salvadori (Cat. B. XX. j). 428) gives
it as follows : " Western coast of X'orthern New Guinea, Western Papuan Islands,
Northern Aloluccas or lialmahera grouij, Sanghir and Talaut Islands; according to
Meyer, also Togian Islands." T. affmis inhabiting the Southern Aloluccas and
C. suhafinis the Tenimber Islands, one might iiave expected these rather than
T. mefjalorhynchus on Djampea.

4(». Trichoglossus forsteni Hji.

This beautiful s])ecies was found to be common on Djampea Island. " The iris
(c?) is orange; the bill orange-red ; feet dark grey ; claws brown." One specimen from
Sumbawa, collected l\v fiuilleinard, in the Tring Museum, the same .specimen which
has been described in the Cat. B. XX. by Salvadori and will be figured in the
monograph of the Loriidac by .Mivarl, has the head above intermixed with some
dirty greyish bluish feathers, the ear-coverts more ]iurple, and but an indication of
the broad purplish blue band behind the greenish yellow liand on the hindneck. It
is moulting, and the plumage partly abraded. A si)ecimen in the l.eyden ^luseum,
kindly lent me by Dr. Biittikofer, which has been compared with the tyix' in the
same mu.seum, is perfectly alike. The wing of this species measures 139 -1 lli mm.
This species has onlv been recorded from Sumbawa!

( 1" )

41. Strix flammea I^.
Kalao. Typical S. fldmmeit, which has nothing to do with the large and powerful
Strix roseiibeiyi of Celebes. " Kill wliite ; feet sepia-brown ; claws dark horn-grey."

42. Ninox scutulata japonica fSchleg.).

?. Kalao. "Iris golden; bill olive-green, flouded with horn-black ; feet wax-
yellow; claws blackish brown."

43. Baza reinwardti (Miill. & Schleg.).

S. December 1895, Djampea. "Iris yellow; cere, mandible, ba.sal half of
maxilla light ])lumbeous ; apical half of maxilla jet-black ; feet white; claws brown."
The number and position of the bands in this wide.spread species vary considerably.

44. Elanus hypoleucus Ciould.
December 1895, Kalao.

45. Peruis spec.

One specimen, marked /c)/(.«y«, November 1895, .Saleyer. A large bird, remiges
moulting, wing 440 mm. The whole underside is buff or ochraceous buflf, some
feathers (older ones) paler, others (the new ones) darker and brighter. The throat is
surrounded by an irregular black band, the feathers of the lower throat and upper
breast have naiTow deep brown shaft-lines, but all the breast, abdomen, flanks,
scapulars, and under wiug-coverts are uniform, without a trace of bars or bands.
Upperside dark brown as in most Pemis, not differing from many specimens of
P. ptilonorhynchiis. I believe this bird to belong to the latter species, but not to
P. celehensis, unless it is an unknown plumage of the latter species, of which we do
not yet know very much.

46. Accipiter gularis (Temm. & Schleg.).

In spite of the instructive articles of Gumey {List Dmrn. B. of Prey, App. 0,
pp. 165—177) and Grant (Ms, 1896, pp. 104— 107), I found it difficult to name the
three specimens from I)jam|jea before me, but at last came to the conclusion that they
must be (immature?) A. ijularis. The breast is longitudinally marked in the two
females, as well as in the one male; the line along the centre of the throat very
narrow, and absent in one of the females. No shade of rufous anywhere on the under-
side. The fourth primary is longest, and 6 to 8 mm. longer than the fifth, while in an
adult (rufous) 'male of what 1 consider to be A. maailleasis the fifth primary forms
the tip of the wing and is slightly longer than the fourth ! 1 wish .somebody would
give distinctive characters for these birds of the youw/ as well. The material at
this Mu.seum is but scanty at present.

d . "Iris golden; cere Indian yellow; loral region greyish green; bill black;
basal portion bluish plumbeous ; legs wax-yellow ; claws black." ? . " Iris golden :
skin of orbital and loral regions and cere dull yellowish green ; bill black, basal
portion light lead-grey ; legs pale wax-yellow ; claws black."

47. Astvir torquatus (Temm.).
Adult and young specimens from Djanipeu and Kalao. The young bird is above
browu ; the feathers white at base, some of this white beiug shown on the hindueck ;

( 178 )

all feathers margined with rusty rufous; shoulders deep rufous. Underside white ;
cliin, throat, and breast longitudinally striped with brown; abdomen with more
rounded pale rufous spots. Thighs entirely rufous, the feathers with paler edges.
Quills more distinctly barred than adult birds. A rivde shows most instrvictively
some of the barred feathers of the entirely different adult plumage on the breast.
3 adult wing 195 mm., ? adult wing 230 mm. " Iris pale golden."

The species is widely spread.- Sharpe in tiie Cat. B. I. gives only Timor as its
" habitat," but see Schlegel, Mits. d'Hist. Nut. Pays-Bas AccipUres, p. 91, etc.

48. Timiunculus moluccensis occidentalis .Mey. iV Wigl.
Djampea and Kalao. Similar to those from Celebes (ro(Y«>, ]i. 162).

49. Spilomis rufipectus (lould.

[^aleyer, November 1895. Two adult birds. Throat slaty black; feathers under
the eye and ear-coverts dark grey, somewhat in contrast with the throat, and specially
so with its lower, darker part. In the adult bird from South Celebes (see antea,
p. 161j all these parts are alike and much darker, while they are also nearly alike,
but altogether very much jialer, in a bird from North Celebes. These birds are very
variable.*

50. Pandion haliaetus leucocephalus Uoukl.
1 ?. Kalao, December 1895. Wing 440 mm. The head is nearly (juite white,
though there are some dark spots on the occiput. I am inclined to place this bird
with the subspecies leucocephalus, which cannot possibly be called a species, the
smaller size and the whiter head being the only characters to distinguish it, and
both these being rather variable. I have before me, for example, in the Tring
Museum, specimens from the Solomons with pure white head, as well as others which
are more densely striped than any from North Asia, etc., before me now, tliuugh they
agree in being generally a little smaller.

51. Osmotreron wallacei Salvad.

One mcde from Saleyer. It is exactly as brick-red on the mantle as the male
from Indrularaan which I mentioned antea, p. 163. It is possible tluit the specimens
from South Celebes, including those from Saleyer, are all like these two, and in this
case they would have to be recognised as a slightly differentiated form and would
deserve a subspecific name. As the colour of the mantle seems to vary a little
according to age or freshness of plumage, it is not possible to decide about this
question from the scanty material now before me.

52. Osmotreron wallacei pallidior subsp. nov.

A series from Djairipi-a and Kalao are closely allied to 0. tvallacei tijpica from
Celebes, the nudes agreeing in the colour of the mantle with the northjem specimens,
and not with those from South Celebes and Saleyer, but being larger, with a stronger
bill and a little longer wing, the head paler grey, the throat lighter and a little more
washed with grey, the entire breast and alxlouien of a paler green, the anal region

* I may here remark that my hirtls from Buiiguran, Natuna Islands (Kov. ZoOL. I. p. 4sl' ami II.
|). 476), arc, in my uiiiniun, tlie same species as Sji. .talcadorii liorl., op.cit. II. p. 73. — E. H.

( 179 )

more white and the under tail-coverts sliglitly jialer. The brownish orange sjmt in
front of the shoulders is \ery much paler and occupies a hirger area. ? ad. " Iris
orange; orbital skin vivid yellowish green; liasal half of bill pale green, apical
half ivorv-white, with a faint green tinge; feet carmine; claws light grey." Wing
of mate 157 — 161 mm.; tail 95—98; tarsus 20 — 22; bill from hind-end of nostrils
to tip 16 — 17, height from angle of mandible 9. Female same dimensions.

This form resembles 0. samjhireiisls — which; however, apjiears to me to l)e only
a subspecies of 0. ivallacei — in its powerful bill and its long wing, but it diflfers
from it in colour, as it does from 0. ivallacci typica. It has nothing to do with
0. f/rlseicwMla, as it has the black on the lateral tail-feathers as strongly de\eloped
as in (). xuallacei typica and sanghirensis, if not more so.

The fenmle of 0. wallacei paUidior is chiefly remarkable for its paler mantle
washed with greyish.

53. Ptilopus melanocephalus (Korst.).

Both sexes from Saleyer, Djampea, and Kalao. Btittikofer (i.e. p. 287) has
already mentioned this form (under the name of P. iiislaiiauche/i, Salvad.) from
Saleyer. It is certainly highly remarkable that Saleyer, which is so close to Celebes,
has P. melanocephalus and not P. iiielaiiospilus from Olebes ! The latter is
without difficulty distinguished from P. 'melanocephnlns by its throat-spot and under
tail-coverts being orange and not lemon-yellow. This, and also P. chrysorrhous and
P. xanthorrhous, can be distinguished from P. melanocephalus and from each other,
though it i.s not always very easy, and they may after all be best considered sub-
species ; but, curiously enough, the most northern form, P. bangiieyeiisis Meyer, is
closest to the most southern form, P. iiielanocepjhidns, and there are some specimens
{males) which I cannot with certainty distinguish from typical P. melanocephalius,
though the black occipital spot is mostly (but not always !) tinged with puri)le. (See
on the subject Biittik., i.e. ; Salvad., Cat. B. XXI. pp. 142-6; Mey. & Wigl., Ahh.
wnd Ber. Mm. Dresd. 1896, No. 2, p. 19.)

Salvador! himself has (Oat. B.) not sustained his P. melanaucheit, luit united
the birds from Java, Flores, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Lomliok under the name of
P. rnelanocephalus. BUttikofer's remark (i.e.) seems to strengthen Salvadori"s more
recent view, though perhaps .lavan specimens are, on the whole, a little jialer yellow
on the throat. The birds from Saleyer, Djampea, and Kalao do not differ from each
other, c? (Djampea). " Iris yellow, with orbital ring and bill briglit yellow-green ;
feet carmine ; claws dark brownish grey." Males: wing 118 — 119 mm.; feinales :
113 — 115 mm.

54. Carpophaga rosacea (Temm.).

Five specimens from Djampea. d . " Iris crimson-lake ; bill dark grey, clouded
with black; cere dull caimine ; feet dull dark carmine; claws dark grey."

The rosy vinous colour of the head and breast and abdomen varies much. In
some specimens, I think those tliat liave worn their plumage longer, or perhaps in
less mature ones, it is almost entirely absent. This species is widely spread, reaching
from the Timor group to the Tenimber and Key Islands, to Halmahera and Celebes.
(Salvad., Cat. B. XXI. p. 199.)

55. Carpophaga concinna Wall.
Several specimens from Djampea. They are [jerfectly similar to those from other
localities, the vinous tinge on the nape mostly very strong.

( 180 )

Comparing Key specimens with a verv large series from many localities (Sanghir
Islands, Siao, Dammar, Timorlaut, and Djamjjea), I do not find that they differ in
size, but that the entire under surface is not light grey, hut creamy white, with only
a very faint cinei-eous tinge. 1 consider it worth a subspecitic name, and projwse for
it the name of C. concinna separata.

o(>. Myristicivora bicolor (Scoji.).
Djampea.

57. Macropygia macassariensis Wall.

.\ fine series of this rare pigeon from iJjauipea and Saleyer. There is evidently
no difference between the se.xes, except that the wing of the female is about o to
10 mm. shorter. The niuh has " the iris \vith an outer ring pink and an inner
ring blue. The pink ring becomes orange after the bird has been dead for some
while. Bill very dark sepia-brown : the cere light carmine ; the feet carmine."
The adult bird is well described by Biittikofer in his list of Saleyer birds, p. 288,
and by Salvadori in Cat. B. XXI. [i. 343. Younger birds are darker ; the head is deej)
blackish brown, each feather tipped with rufous. Breast and abdomen washed with
rusty brown, the upper wing-coverts margined with rusty rufous. The iris of the
younger birds is "chocolate-brown ; bill and feet dark sepia-brown."

58. Esacus magnirostris (feoff.
December, Kalao.

59. Gallinago megala Swinli.
Xo\ember 22nd, Saleyer.

6". Tringa nificoUis I'all.
November, Saleyer.

Saleyer.
Salej^er.
Saleyer.
Saleyer.
Saleyer.

<)l. Himantopus leucocephalus (iouhl.

62. Totanus littoreus (L.) f= glottis L.).

63. Totanus calidris (L.).

64. Charadrius fulvus tnn.

65. Strepsilas interpres (L.).

66. Poliolimnas cinereus (\ieill.).
Djampea, December 1895.

67. Erythra phoeuicura (I"or.~t.).
Saleyer. Biittikofer has already recorded this species from Saleyer.

f 1«1 )

68. Nycticorax caledonicus ((im.).

?. Djarappii, December 1895. "Iris golden; ophthalmic and loral regions,
base of ma.xilla, with a line on the .sides, and the mandible light grass-green; rest
of maxilla and small stripe near apex of mandible black ; legs light yellowish f,reeu ;
claws brownish grey."

69. Butorides javanicus (Horsf.).

c?. Novenilier 2lind, Saleyer.

70. Bubulcus coromaudus dVMld).
d . Novenilier 1895, &leyer.

71. Nettion gibberifrons CMiill-.).

One pair, a irude and afeiiuile, from l^aleyer. Again \]ie female has a distinctly
shorter bill, though there is no difference in the feet, and the wing is only a tride
.shorter. (See aide}, p. 165.)

72. Microcarbo melanoleucus (\'i(ill.).
?. December 1895, Djampea.

73. Megapodius duperreyi Less. & Gam.

Djampea and Kalao. i. "Iris cinnamon-hrown ; bill dull Indian yellow;
skin of ophthalmic and loral regions and of throat dull crimson ; legs vermilion-
red ; upper surface of toes blackish brown ; claws black."

A mound with a large number of eggs was found on Kalao on December 21st.
The eggs measure from 82 to 88 mm. by 50 to 52 mm. The species is known from
Bonerate and Saleyer. (Meyer & Wiglesw., Ahh. and Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1896,
No. 1, p. 16.)

0. Grant was evidently justified in uniting (he different forms that have been
separated of this bird, but if it should be found possible to separate some sub-
specific forms, then it would seem that the birds under consideration would lieloug
to M. (joukli Gray.

Valuable as the present collections undoubtedly are, they are probably not
exhaustive for any of the islands ; therefore any conclusions we may ilraw from
them must be subject to alterations, or even be erroneous for a great part, when we
come to know everything from all these i.slands. Even among the few birds collected
on Saleyer by j'Max Weber there was a land-bird, Pachycejjhnla orphea, which was
not obtained by Everett. The differences between Kalao and Djampea would be
great if we could with any certainty judge from the absence of a species in the
collection from one island that it did only occur on the other. This, however, would
be hazardous; but from the difference between the two new species of Siphia on the
two islands, and from the absence of some of the most numerotis species from
l)jam])ea among the Kalao skins, and vice versa, we must conclude that the ornis
of Djam])ea and Kalao is not entirely tlie same, though, of com'se, much alike in
its general character. ]''rom the present material it would seem that both Djampea
and Kalao have as much, or rather more, in common witli the Lesser Sunda Islands
and Timor than with Olebes. Resides n few forms probably peculiar to them

13

( 18-^ )

(Orioius boneratensis, Siphia djampeanu aud kaluoensis, Monarcha everelti, I'uchy-
cephala everetti, Pitta virgincdia, Edolioaoma emancipata), and some {Cinnyris
teysmanni, Rhipidura celebensis, Dicaeum splendulum) of which the distribution
outside of these islands is, in my opinion, doubtful, and further, besides many wide-
spread species, we find of true CVlebensian species on Djampea, for example, the
Myzomela chloroptera and Macropygia macassarieiisis. On the same island is a
common bird, the Trichoi/lossus forsteni, hitherto only recorded from Sumbawa ! l'"rom
Timor we have invaders, as ilyiiiijra rufiijala and Lahuje timoriensift, and we might,
also count as such the Pitta and Dlcaeuia, which have their allies there, and others.
But I cannot see a species hitherto known from Flores, except some of the wide-
sjiread forms, among the birds of Djampea and Kalao, nor are the affinities of any
of the new forms with the Plores group, but rather with species from Timor or Celebes,
with the exception of Pachycephala everetti. It is, of course, possible that tliis is
partly due to our imperfect knowledge of the fauna of Hores, but we might possibly
better understand the greater connection with the Timor group if we knew the
birds of Ombai, Pantar, Lomblem, Solor, Adonara, Kalatua, etc., of all of which we
know very little or nothing at all.

An interesting feature is also the occurrence of the large Tanygnathus megalo-
rhynckus on Djampea. Being chiefly an inhabitant of the Korthern Moluccas (its
place being taken by T. affi.nis in the Soidhei-n Moluccas), it is also known from some
islands skirting round the large island of Celebes, such as Sanghir, Talaut, and the
Togians, but never as yet found on the mainland of Celebes itself.

The Celebensian species have evidently spread down to Djampea and Kalao by
the way of Saleyer, and it seems not very probable that forms inhabiting Djampea
and Kalao and not Saleyer are found in Celebes (cf. Cinnyris teysmanni — a bright
and lively little bird, which is not likely to be overlooked where it is anything like
common).

A glance at the lepidoptera seems to show that they are much more related to
the fauna of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Hores, Timor, etc., than to that of Celebes.

The ornis of Saleyer is evidently that of South Celebes in general, but some few-
forms of the Timor region seem to have invaded it, such as Pachycephala m-phea (see
Blittikofer, I.e.), Lulage timoriensis, Calornis minor, the latter two (and most likely
via Saleyer) extending also to South Celebes. CajDrimulgus macrunts also seems to
have reached Saleyer from the south, as it is not of usual occurrence in Celebes, if
found there at all.

There are zoologists who are of the ojiiuion that the distribution of such un-
wearied creatures as the birds, which may Hy in one night to an island hundreds of
miles distant from another (though certainly not from Kgypt to Heligoland, as Giitke
wishes to make one believe, without even an indication of proof), is of less value than
that of such stationary animals as snails, shells, etc. However, I am not of the same
opinion. Experience teaches us that birds on small islands are as nuich, and often
much more, diflerentiated than any other animals. This is quite easy to understand,
for birds, on account of their strong wings, are able to resist the agencies of distribu-
tion : they cannot be driven from island to island with wood or weeds like shells and
insects ; they can resist even a strong wind, while insects never can, but are carried
away by it. In warmer climates most species find sufficient insects or vegetable food
throughout the year, the soil not being covered with snow and ice, nor all the lower
life disai)pearing for a long period. Therefore I hey are vei-y stationary, and must be

( isa )

looked upon as ver}' important, for the limitation of zoogeograiihical areas; but it is
quite iiossible, and sometimes evident, that their distribution does not exactly corre-
spond with that of other classes of animals, as (otally different agencies may have
acted upon them. The currents of the sea, for example, might have been acting in
the dispersal of shells, while birds are not influenced by them. All such questions are
as vet but little settled, and anv material is welcome to clear them uii.

I append a list of the species at present known from the three i>lands. In that
of the Saleyer birds I liave also inserted those recorded by Buttikofer and not found
by Everett. They are only four, and the name of the author (Biitfik.) is added
to them.

The species described as new in this article are marked with an asterisk (*).

S.\I.1'.YK1!.

Praliucola caprata.

2. Phylloscopus borealis.

8. Cinnyris frenata dissentiLiis.

4. Myzomela chloroptera.

5. Zosterops intermedia.
0. Motacilla flava.

7. Muiiia molucca.

8. Artamus leucogaster.

9. Calornis minor.

10. Dici'urus leucops.

1 1 . Pachycephala teysmanni.

12. ,, orpliea (BUt-

tik.).

13. Lalage timoriensis.

14. Culicicapa helianthea.

15. Gerygone flaveola.
IG. Siphia omissa.

17. JIacropteryx wallacei.
!H, Caprimulgus macrurus.
1 U. Halcyon chloris.

20. Alcedo ispida bengaleusis

(Bilttik.).

21. Alcedo ispidoides.

22. Cuculus intermedius.

23. Pemis spec.

24. Spilorais rufipectus.

25. Haliaetus leucogaster (Bilt-

tik.).
21). Osmotreron wallacei.
27. Ptilopus melanocepbalus.
2K. Macropygia mac:ussariensis.
20. Galliuago megala.

30. Tritiga ruficoUis.

31. Himantopus leiicoccphalus.

32. Totanus littoreus.

33. ,, ealidris.

34. ,, hypoleucus

tik.).
3.'). t'haradrius fulvus.
3(). Strcpsilas interi)res.
37. Erythra phoeuicura.
3H. liutoridt'S javanicus.
.'i'.l. Uubulcus coromaiidii!^
40. Noltioii gibberifrons.

(But-

Dja.mi'i;.^.

Dicaeum .splendid imi.
Cinnyris teysmanni.
Myzomela chloroptera.
Zosterops intermedia.
Anthus gustavi.
Artamus leucogaster.
Calornis minor.
Oriolus boueratensis.
Pachycephala everetti (*).
Lalage timorietisi.s.
Kdoliosoma emancipafci (*).
Myiagra rufigula.
Siphia djampeana (*).

14. Rhipidura celebensis.

15. Monarcha inornatus.

16. „ everetti (*).

17. Pitta virginalis(*).

18. CoUocalia francica.

19. Caprimulgus macrurus.

20. Halcyon chloris.

21. Alcedo ispidoides.

22. Eurystomus orientalis.

23. Cuculus intermedius.

24. Centropus javanicus.

25. Cacatua sulphurea.

26. Tanygnathus megalorhyn-

chus.
Trichoglo.ssus forsteni.
Baza reinwardti.
Aocipiter gularis.
Astur torquatus.
Tinnuuculus moluccensis

occidentalis.
Osmotreron wallacei palli-

dior (*).
Ptilopus melanocephalus.
Carpophaga rosacea.
,, concinua.

86. Myristicivora bicolor.

37. Macropygia mac.assariensis.

38. Poliolimnas cinercus.

39. Nycticorax caledonicus.

40. Microcarbo melanoleucus.

41. Meg.apodius dupcrreyi.

K.M.AO.

1. Phylloscopus borcilis.

2. Cinnyris teysmanni.

3. Zosterops intermedia.

4. Anthus gustavi.

5. Motacilla flava.

6. Munia molucca.

7. Oriolus boueratensis.

8. Lalage timoriensis.

9. IMyiagra rufigula.

10. Siphia kalaoeusis(*).

11. Rhipidura celebensis.

12. CoUocalia csculenta.

13. Cuculus intermedius.

14. Centropus javanicus,

15. Strix flammea.

16. Ninox scutulafcv japonica.

17. Elanus hypoleucus.

18. Astur torquatus.

19. Tinnunculus moluccensis

occidentiilis.

20. Pandion haliaetus Icuco-

cephalus.

21. Osmotreron wallacei palli-

dior (■).

22. Ptilo]>us melanocephalus.

23. Esacus maguirostris.

24. Megapodius duperreyi.

( 18i )

DESCETPTION OF A NEW TOAD (XENOBHINA) FROM

NEW GUINEA.

Bv OR. A. GtJNTIIER.
.(Plate VIII. fig-. 1.)

THE genus Xenorhiim was established by Peters in .■)/. B. Berlin Ac. 18G3, p. 62
for Bombinator oxyce 1)11(1111.1 Schleg., 'Haiull. Dicrk. II. p. 58. t. iv. fig. 74."
Througli the kindness of Dr. .Jentink, I have been able to compare a toad from the
Clyde River with this species of Schlegel's : there is not the least donbt that they
belong to the same genus ; but B. oxycephalua has a larger tympanum (3 mm. in a
sjiecimen 39 mm. long.), a larger eye (2-2 mm.), and the first and second fingers of
the same length. The contracted state of the snout and the warts on the tip of the
snont, considered to be characteristic of the geuns and species, arc due to the strength
of the spirit in which the typical specimen was preserved.

Xenorhina Peters.

Body and limbs stout ; head broad and short, with the snout rounded. Eye
very small, with round pupil. Mouth narrow; no teeth in the jaws or ou the
palate. Choanae widely apart, of moderate width. Tongue very large, oval,
extending far into the pharynx, on the sides and behind narrowly free, with a deep
groove running along its middle and terminating in the posterior margin of the
tongue. Tympanum rather laige, its outline being visible from below the general
iutegnmeut, below which it is hidden. Eustachian tubes rather wide, situated
entirely on the side of the pharynx. Fingers and toes free, the latter with their
extremities slightly dilated, and supported by T-shaped phalanges. Outer meta-
tarsals united. No metatarsal tubercle or fold. Skin uniformly smooth.
Diajiiijihysis of sacral vertebra dilated.

Having one specimen only at present, I must defer the examination of the
sternal apparatus.

Xeuorhina atra sp. uov.

The short snout has no ruiithus roistralis whatever, and tiie niinutc nostril is
placed a little nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye. Fingers short, the
first conspicuously shorter than the second, the second and fourth equal in length,
the third projecting far beyond tlie others. Toes with the dilated tips smaller than
the eye ; the third rather longer than the fifth. Cleft of tlie mouth not extending
backwards beyond the front margin of the orbit. Black, with an extremely fine
threadlike greyish line along the median line of the back ; sides more intensely
black than back, and separated from it by a bluisli shade. Snout and lower parts
marbled with a very dark bluisli grey.

Length of body 41 mm.

Length of orbit ... ... ... ... ... l'-^ i>

Diameter of tympanum ... ... ... ... 2-4 „

Distance between vent and heel ... ... ... 35 „

Length of foot with tarsus '. .. 28 „

Length of foot without tarsus IT „

Ndvitates ZooLo&roe. /ol.IU .189G

Pl.WI.

ftl. Gi'een. dfiVetlitK-

: .XENORHINA ATRA.

Mirxterix Bro» . Chromo .

2.3.D1P1,0PELMA BUNGURANUM.

,<7i.-* W(/^- ,

NnviTATES ZoOLOGIC^t VOL III 1896.

PlIV

6 /

w

10. fe

15

r--

16.

17.

20.

21.

24.

25.

26

28

32

37.

29.

33

V^^gj^

.V**-

41

38.

39

42

43.

46.

•

48.

47.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

1. One of the miildle joints of the antennae of Agannisficus ? , side view.

2. The same, front view.

3. „ „ of (J, front Ndew.

4. ,, „ „ c?, dorsal view.

5. „ „ „ Asota caricae cJ, side view.

6. „ „ „ „ ,1 (?, front view.

7. „ „ „ A. hellconia ?, front view.

8. „ „ ,, „ ,, (J, ,, „ from distal side.

9- „ „ (?, „ „ „ pro.xrmal side.

10. „ „ „ „ „ J, side view.

11. „ „ „ „ „ (^, dorsal view.

12. Clasper with harpe of Asuta helicoiiia semi/iisca.

1 3. Hai'pe of same, side view.

14. „ „ „ dorsal view.

15. Clasper with harpe of A. eyeiis.
1 1). Hai'pe of same, dorsal view.

17. The same of another individual.

If^. ,, ,, ,, A. caricae, .side vii'W.

19. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, dorsal view.

20. ,, ,, ,, another individual, side view.

21. „ „ „ „ „ dor.'^al view.

22. ,, „ ,, -■!. ^rt/(«j'«, dorsal view.
2:i. Olasper with harpe of A.ficus.

24. Ilarpe of same, dorsal view.

26. „ ,, ,. side view.

20. Clasper with liarpe of Peridroiiie orbicularis.

27. ,, ,, ,, ,, Euplocia niernbliaria.

28. „ „ „ „ Neochera inops.
2fl. ,, „ ,, ,, iV. eugenia butleri.

30. ,, ,, „ ,, X, bluiwana.

31. ,, ,, ,, „ Digatna inarniorea.

32. Uncus of Asota IieUconm inkicta, dorsal view.

33. ,, ,, „ „ ,, side view.

34. ,, ,, Spilobiili/s chloropyya, doi'sal view.

35. „ „ ,, „ side view.

36. Fold before ca%dty on forewing of Awbi Miconia.

37. The same of Agamiis ficiis.

38. ,, „ ,, PeridroiiK orbiculnris.

39. ,, ,, ,, Neochera etigenia.

40. ,, ,, ,, Digama hearsei/aym.

41. Costal portion of hindwing of Asola helicoiiia to show patch of thick scales before

costal nervure.

42. Some scales of that spot.

43. The homologous organ of Dignma hearseyana.

44. A scale of that mark of Asota Miconia*

45. The same of Xeochera blutwana.

46. End of abdomen of Asota plaginoia ?,

47. The same denuded.

48. End of abdomen of yl.sote cftrjfrte ?.

49. The same denudid.

* There are too many stiiiies both in tliis and the next figure : see pages 194 and 208.

( 185 )

A single specimen was obtained by Mr. ^V. Da}' of tlie unfortnuate Clarke
Expedition on the Clyde River, witliin a few miles of the frontier between British
and German New Guinea.

The same collection contained also GonyocejJ/alus pajjucnsis (McL.), Lyf/osoma
miiUeri (Schleg.), Lygosoma macrurmn (Gtnr.), Li/gosoma cijanurum (Less.),
Li/gosoma jobiense (Meyer), Gymnodactylm louisadensis (De Vis), Hyla dolichopsh
(Cope).

The fignre 1 on Plate VIII. represents Xinorliina atra, the other figures {'Z and 3)
the beautiful Diplopelma hunyuranum, described Nov. Zool. II. p. oHl.

NOTES ON HETEBOCEBA, WITH DESCEIPTIONS OF NEW
GENERA AND SPECIES.

By the HON. WALTER i;OTHSCH[LD and DR. KARL JORDAN.

(Plate IV.).

AGANAIDAE (= HYPSIDAE) (continued from p. (12).

Ag'anais T'oisd. (continued).

ALTHOUGH I agree with Dr. K. Jordan (see p. 62) that the difference in colom-
and pattern of the hindwings of speciosa (Drury), undidifei'a (Wlk.), and
8id)retmcta (Wlk.) is of no importance whatever in respect to specific or subspecifie
distinctness of these forms, I am not certain whether this species of Ar/anais couUl
not be separated in two subspecies, one inhabiting West Africa from Sierra Leone to
Angola, and the other occurring in South and East Afi-ica. In the male sex, tlie
South and East African specimens seem to me to be distinguishable from West
African examples by the presence of a white band on the underside of the forewings
outside the cell ; this band runs from the costa mostly as far as the second median
nervule. In West African individuals the baud is either absent, or slightly marked
behind the costal margin. .My series of West and East African nudeK is not hirge
enough to decide if this distinguishing character holds good,

AMien writing the note on the varieties of A. speciosa on p. 62 I was not aware
that in the December number of Entomolorjische Nachrichten p. 369. t. IV. f. 5 (1895)
Karsch described and figured that form of ab. imdidifera which has ochraceous
hindwings as a new species, Pseudhypsa baumanniana.

Add to the four aberrational names this as fifth : —

5. Hindwings ochraceous, with black border: ab. haumanniawi (Karsch).

W. K.

Anag'Uia Walker.

/////)«!. Group 2. Aimrinia Walker, Leji. Jhl. B. M. 11. p. 440 (1>!.')4).

Am,,,,,;,, Moore, Oit. Lep. Ins. Mus. E. 1. C. II. p. 290 (I8.'/.») ; Bull., T,: E,il. S,„: I.,ml. p. ^2:

(187o) ; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het. I. p. 383 (1891) ; Swiiib., Od. Li-p. Ifet. Ox/. 1. p. S.'J (1892).
Ifi/l'S", Snellen, Tijdsch,: r. Enl. XXXI. p. 123 (1888).
Pei-i(lr„i,i.e Wlk. Sect. II. (Aiiar/„k,), Ilampson, .I/0//1.5 </ Jiiili,' I. p. 4r)7 (1892).

The genera Anagnia WIU. and Pendrome \\'\k. are remarkable for the develop-
ment of conspicuous scent-organs in the nudes, wliich have much influ-^nced the

( 186 )

structural chiinicters of the species, more particularly so in Atinf/niii tliau in
Peridrorne.

As explained under Asota Jib., every joint ol' tlie antennae of A(janaidae bears
fas in most other Heteroceua) dorsally two transverse rows of elongate scales. In the
tiiiile of AiKKjnia sahfnscin Wlk. the scales are partly less, partly more, jirolonged,
which dif-turbs the serial arrangement ; on a number of joints beyond the middle of
the antennae the scales are more than twice as long as usual, protrude laterally (and
horizontally), and form a kind of tuft; the joints are not flattened, as Snellen says,
I.e., nor are they so thickened as in the utterly incorrect figure in Tijdschr. v. Ent.
XXXI. t. 1. f. r\ The sulxlorsal setae of these joints are thicker than tliosc of tlic
other joints. In the fcmtile the scaling of the antennae is noiinal.

The second joint of the ])alpi bears in the male of Anrtfjiua dorsally at the apex
a tuft of elongate scales; the third joint is somewhat broadened towards the tip, and
has a slight dorso-lateral carina. The scales at the interno-hiteral ]>ortion of the
upperside of the tiiird palpal joint are jnolonged, and being directed for- and
upwards form a kind of crest ; on the ventral .side of the joint the scales are long only
towards the apex, and are here directed backwards.

In the femrile of A. suhftiscid the second joint is }, mm. shorter, the third .V mm.
longer, than in the male, and lioth joints are without tuft- or crestlike scaling.

The scent-organs on the fore- and liindwing of A. suhfnscui \\'lk. have been
described by Haase, Iris I. p. 107 (1887). I have to add that the elongate (hairlike)
scales on the upperside of the forewing are, between costal margin and median
nervure, directed backwards, while the scales of the rest of the woolly surface are
directed obliquely forwards; in Peridrorae orhiculttris Wlk. all the hairlike scales
are directed backwards.

The apical region of the forewing of A. subfascia is nearly normally scaled.
On the hindwings above the scales are narrower in the mrde than in t]\p female.

The neuration of the male of Anagnia is, in consequence of the development of
the scent-organs, miich distorted. In Hampson's figure, I.e. p. 448. f. 331, the
neuration is incorrect. The cell of the forewing is strongly narrowed from the origin
of vein 2 to tlie upper angle, which is very acute. Veins 2, 3, 4, and 5 are of ecpial
distance from one another (^ mm.); in the apex of the cell projects a veinlet Vfhich
originates between veins 4 and 5, and is seldom so plainly marked in other Aganaids
as here; the upper discocellular veinlet, between vein .5 and the areole, is parallel
tothecosta; vein (i comes from the areole; the basal portion of the areole, below
tlie upper angle of the cell, is a half shorter than the apical or outer portion.

On tlu' hindwing the upper dis<'ocellnlar veinlet is very oblique; veins 2 and 3
are shortly slalked together, and sland closer to vein 4 than this does to .j ; veins _C
and 7 are stalked together.

The neuration of the /em«?e does not show that distortion in the apical region
of the cell to either wing. The cell to the forewing is broadest towards the apex ;
the second partition of the median nervure, between veins 2 and 3, is nearly three
times as long as (he third ])orfion, between veins 3 and 4; the upper di.seocellular
veinlet is deeply incurved ; vein C comes from the ui)i)er angle of the cell, not from
the areole as in the male; the areole is much shorter than in the other sex, and its
basal and apical portions are of nearly equal length. On the hindwing the cell is
longer than in the m(de; vein 2 stands separate from 3 ; the second partition of the
median nervure is about twice as long as the third partition.

Snellen, /.f^'., united Anatjnia, subfusna Wlk. and Peridrome orbicularis Wlk. to

( IS' )

a subgenus of Asota ( = Hyjjsa) which he calls Aaano'pis Butler. The genus AfjanojAs
is erected by Herrich-Schiiffer, Auss. SclimeU. pp. 12 and 70, for Peridrome orbi-
cularis Wlk., and has been described neither by its author nor by Mr. Butler. \\'hy
Snellen ga\e preference to this younger nomen niuluni, instead of accepting the
older name of Anai/niii Wlk., I cannot understand, the more as Walker's diagnosis
of Anagnia is not at all bad.

Snellen says. I.e., that orbicularis Wlk. — Snellen writes orbicularia Moore —
and subfascia Wlk. are different from the species of Asota, (^ = H)/p.s(i) only in the
male ; we shall see that this is not the case.

Hampson, I.e., treats Anagnia Wlk. and Peridrome ^\'lk. as sections of
Peridrome Wlk., and differentiates the two " sections " only by the secondary
characters of the males. We can neither agree with Snellen nor with Hampson,
though in one point both authors are perfectly right — namely, in objecting to base
genera on differences in secondary sexual characters.

Peridrome and Anagnia may be characterised as follows : —

Anagnia, c? ? : Second joint of palpi at least half as long again as the third.
Stridulating organ different from that of Asota Hb. ; fold before ea\'ity on forewing
short, narrow, and covered with an irregular row of (twelve to iifteenj large but rather
thin scales, here and there two or three scales of different size beside one another : on
upperside of hindwing there is in c? a patch of thick scales near the base clo.se to the
black portion of the strongly developed scent-organ ; in ¥ these thick scales are situate
in the middle of costal region between costal vein and centre of apex of cell.

Neuration : Areole nearly as in Asot((,; vein 9 terminating in costal margin,
vein 7 in ape.x of wing, which is quite an exception amongst Aganaidae ; second
partition of median nervure of either wing much shorter than the respective portion
of the outer margin ; veins G and 7 of hindwing on a short stalk (in nine individuals
before me).

Peridrome, t? ¥ : Second joint of palpi about one-fourth (or les.s) longer than the
third, slenderer and longer than in Asota. Cavity on forewing, as in Euplocia,
deeper than in Anagnia and Asota, and basally sharply limited ; fold before it as in
Anagnia ; corresponding patch of thick scales on hindwing standing in (S before
and in apex of cell, in ¥ much more restricted than in ¥ of Anagnia.

Neuration: Vein 11 of forewing originating before middle of cell, areole much
longer than the cell is broad ; vein 8 terminating in apical angle of wing ; second
partition of median nervure of either wing about as long as the respective portion
of outer margin ; veins 6 and 7 of hindwing from a point, not stalked.

As the neuration and the stridulating organ are of remarkable constancy
amongst the numerous species of Asota lib., the peculiar development of these
organs in Anagnia and Perid/roiiu proves certainly that the species of Asota are
much closer allied with one another than they are witli orbicularis and subfascia,
and that therefore these two insects cannot be included in Asota, as Snellen does.
Whetlier Anagnia and Peridrome must be ke))! separate as two genera — that is
another question. The chief differences between them are these: vein 11 stands
before middle of cell in Piridrome, far beyond middle of cell in Anagnia ; the basal
portion of the areole is at least twice as long in Peridrome as in Anagnia; the
second partition of the median vein of either wing is much shorter than the
respective partition of the outer margin in Anagnia, while in Peridrome the
partition is at least as long as the partition of the margin; vein 7 of forewing

( 188)

tormiiiales in tiiiical angle in Anaf/nia, in Prndrmne it is vein 8 wliicli tevniiniites
there ; on the hiudwing veins G and 7 come from a point in Peridrome, and are
stalked together in A'luujnvi. The second joint oF the palpi is in Anai/iiid at least
half as long again as the third one, whilst in Peridrovie the second joint is only
one-fourth longer than the terminal one. Moreover, the autennal joints of Pei'idronie
are vertically broader than those of Amtf/nla; in the mcde of Peridrome the base of
each joint forms a short subcylindrical stem, distinctly visible under a lens, and
conseijuently the ventral subcariniform portions of two subseijuent joints when looked
at from the side are rather widely separate; wliile in Anarjnia that stem is very
short, and the ventral free portions of the joints are much closer together.

These discrepancies in the characters of orbicularis and suhfascia not only
justify a generic separation of the two insects, but demand it, considering that, if
we in this case neglect such differences, we have consequently to do it also amongst
the other Arctioid and Lymantrioid moths. K. .1.

Peridrome Walker.

Iliipaii. Group 1. Peridmme Walker {nci- I'eritlroma Hiibner, Vti-:. beJ.-. Srhmrtl. p. 227, 18U)),

Lep. Hel. B. .V. II. p. 444 (1854).
Aganopis Herrich-Schiiffer, Aiiss. Sdimelt. I. p. 12. 70 (leas') (.Vom. iim?.) : Bntl., Tr. ICiit. Snr.

Luml. p. ?.ro (187.5) (.Vo)h. «»</.).
Amgnia, Moore (««• Walker, 1854), Gd. Lrj,. his. Uus. E. I. C. II. p. 290 (1859).
Ifypsa. A. (Agnno/m Butler), Snellen, Tijihchr. v. Enl. XXXI. p. 123 (1888).
Agano2>i«, Kirby, Cot. Lep. Uel. I. p. 384 (1891).
Pemh-nmi; Hampson, Mullis of huVm I. p. 49G (1892) {E.r p.) : Swinli., Cat. Lrp. Ilet. Off. 1.

p. 82 (1892).

Compare the notes under Anagnia.

There is, as in Anagnia, only one species known of this genus, and that is
jirobablv (he reason why some entomologists objected to keeping Anagnia sabfasciu
VVlk. and Peridrome oo'bicularis Wlk. generically separate.

P. orbicularis Wlk. occurs from Sikkim to Sambawa and the Philippine Islands.
The variability of the species is but slight. In the male the size of the black spots
on the imder.side of the wings is rather inconstant at every locality; the black spot
at the anal angle of the hindwing above is .sometimes alisent. The black spots on
the wings of the female also are not quite constant either in size or number.

Our only female from Sambawa differs remarkably from all our oilier feitudes
in the following pardculars: the black discal spot on the forewing behind the middle
of the cell, above and below, stands farther towards the base; a line drawn to connect
the origin of vein 2 with the middle of the stridulating organ would be situate outside
the spot, while in the specimens from other localities it would stand at the basal side
of the sjiot ; the orange region of the forewing above and below does not extend
beyond the origin of veins 3 and 4; the black mark in the anterior angle of the cell
to the same wing below is larger, rectangular; the blackish brown border to the
hindwings is broader, having a width of 11 mm. at vein 7 and of 7 mm. at vein 4,
while the respective measurements are in Indian e.^iamples 9 and ;j nun., or less.
The 'nudes from i^ambawa do not seem to nic lu be different from typical orbi&daris
Wlk.

P. orbicalari.s Wlk. is in the Tring .'\Iiiseum from Assam, ('alcutta, Andaman
Islands, Natuna Islands, I'ulu Laut (S.E. of Borneo), Palawan, and Sambawa ;
I)r. Staudinger lent us a ? from .lava. K. J.

( 189 )

Euplocia Ilubiicr.

Pliahwna Bumhyx, Cramer, Pap. Ex. III. p. 175 (1782).

Etqiliina Hiibner, Vei-:. hcl: Schmetl. p. 172 (181C) : I5utl., Tr. Ent. Son. Lnnil. p. 327 (1875);
Snell., njihrlir. ,: Ent. XXXI. p. 118 (1888) ; Kirliy, Ccl. Lpji. Met. I. p. 390 (1891) ; Hamps.,
Mollis of liulia I. ]). 495 (1892) ; Swinh., C<if. Lrp. 11,1. O.rf. I. p. 83 (1S92).

rryiLsa. Group 3. Euphu-hi, Walker, Lfp. Hct. B. M. II. p. 447 (1854).

Ayaiiah, Snellen, Tijils,-lii: r. Eiil. XXII. p. 77 (187'.t).

As explained by Snellen, I.e. XXXI. p. 118 (1888;, tliis genu.s {.■^ distinguislied
in the neuration by veins 6 and 7 of the forewing being stalked together, by veins
4 and 5 of fore- and hindwing coming from a point, and by the very narrow areole.

The antennae of the cJ rather resemble those of Neochera inops (Wlk.) and
Asota carlcae (F.). The terminal joint is a little longer than the preceding ones;
these are scarcely a fifth longer than (dorso-ventrallyj broad ; from the tenth joint
they become gradually broader than long, and are in the middle of the antennae
as broad as in Neochera tmtrmorea Wlk. The joints are compressed, without the
lateral impression found in most species of Asota, clothed with short hairs, which
are about a third the length of the middle joints ; the ventral and subdorsal bristles
are a little thicker than in Asota carlcae (F.), repre.sented on PL IV. fig. 5.

The antennae of the ? are slenderer, and the apical joints therefore are
relatively longer.

The genital armature of the 6 ditl'ers remarkalily from that of tlie other
Aganaidae. Tlie claspers (PI. 1\. fig. 27) are broad, and are ventrally before the apex
produced into a sharp triangular tooth : their inside is very thickly clothed \vith
elongate hairlike scales. The barpe consists of two almost fingerlike pieces : the
exterior one, situate along the clasper, is the longest ; it is .strongly chitinous, and
in its apical half somewhat curved away from tlie clasper towards the longitudinal
axe of the body ; the inner and more dorsal piece is less chitinous, rovmded at the
tip, and is from the middle, when viewed from the side, curved upwards.

The cavit}' on the underside of the forewing near the abdominal margin is rather
deep and basally sharply limited ; the raised fold bordering it in front is very narrow,
and hears al)out five or six enlarged yellowish scales, one behind the other, which have
the breadth of the fold, are more chitinised than ordinary scales, and occupy only
the second fourth of the fold, while the basal fourth is clothed with smaller scales,
of which two or three lie beside one another, and of which the apices are rounded
(PI. IV. fig. 38) ; the apical half of the fold is covered with narrow, elongate, rather
acute scales, which are of the pale brown colour of the wing.

The corresponding portion of the stridulating apparatus on the hindwing is a
patch of thick .scales which has the same i)Osition as in Xeocheni lib., but is less
defined, and the scales composing it are more elongate, being partly almo.st tongue-
shaped. Tlie patch is less conspicuous than in Xcochern, since its greater posterior
portion has the colour of the rest of the wing, and the smaller anterior portion is only
slightly, though distinctly, yellowish.

Neuration; llanipson's statement. I.e., that Enplocia is devoid of an areole, is,
I think, erroneous. Snellen, I.e. p. 115, mentioned already the presence of an areole
in Euplocia. and I find that in all our specimens of Euplocia veins 10 and 8 are
connected by a liar, or, which will perhaps be more correct to say, veins 8 and 9
are anastomosed together to form an areole — vvhicli version is the correct one can,
of course, only be decided by examination of the growing wing in the chrysalis;

( 190 )

;iii\lio\v, theiv is a narrow areole in all our specinuMis. though in some imlividuals,
csiH'cially of the typical suhsppcics, the bar connecting veins 8 and 10 is so weak
as to be nearly obliteraterl, so that on superficial examination the areole appears to
be absent. The length of the areole is extremely variable; in our Andaman
specimens, for example, the length varies from If mm. to o mm.

Veins 6 and 7 of the forewing are stalked together, which character does not
occur again amongst Afjnnaidae ; the length of the stalk is quite inconstant. Veins
3 and 4 come from a point, or are also, though shortly, stalked. The upper disco-
cellular veinlet is deeply incurved (see Snellen, I.e.), more so than tliat of the
hindwings.

'N'oins (! and 7 of the hindwings are either shortly stalked together or are slightly
separated from one another; veins -t and o originate close together, while 3 is
removed from 4.

The costal fold of tlie niiile of typical P. membliaria (Cram.) is, when spread
out, covered on the upperside with ratlier small, oval, glandular scales (see llaase.
Iris I. p. 108, 1887); and similar scales are situate just before and behind the costal
vein. The long hairlike scales underneath the fold, which Hampson (I.e.) describes
as a glandular tuft of long hairs, are not .situate upon the lappet, hut stand on a vein-
like fold which is homologous to the actual eo.stal margin of the Ar/anaidae without
this scent-organ. These "hairs" are broadest at the tip, and are, in fact, elongate
scales. In the form of Eiiplocia from Celebes and the Lesser Sunda Islands, which
have the fold very narrow, the small glandular scales on the upper surface of the
fold, when opened out, are similar to those found in membliaria, but the hairlike
scales are much shorter and broader, and are lanceolate, with the tip rounded.

I do not understand what Haase, I.e., means by stating that " in den iibrigen
untersuchten Arten war er [the eo.stal fold] nicht ausgebildet." as all males of
Euplocia have a costal fold.

The breadth of the fold is in tlie Indian and Andaman exainijles, in one of oiu
Boniean individuals, and in one from Palawan, 3 mm. ; in another specimen each from
Borneo and Palawan the fold has a breadth of 2 mm., while in Java .specimens it is
.slightly less than 2 mm. ; in the examples from Pulu Laut (S.E. of Borneo), Celebes,
the islands hetween Celebes and Flores, and from Sambawa and Adonara, the fold
measures only J mm.

To Euplocia lib. belong the following insects: mendtliaria, (Cram.) described
from India or., renigera (Feld.) from Java, moderata Butl. also from Java, and
inconapicua Butl. descrilied from Celebes.

E. memUiaria (Cram.) is the broad-folded iorni, and occm-s in Pnirma, Siam,
Malacca, Andaman Islands, Natuna Islands, Borneo, Palawan, and proliably also
on the Xicobar Islands and in Sumatra.

The males from ]5urma have often a small orange sjiot upon the discocellulars
of the forewing, corresponding to the patch in the same place in {\io feniale ; this
spot we have not noticed in ruales from other localities.

I he whitish nervular and internervular lines of the wings, especially tho.se on
the hindwings, are in typical mendilinria longer than in incotispictia, but in some
of our Celebes, Sambawa. and Djampea specimens they are quite as long as in certain
individuals from the western localities.

The females vary especially in the developineut of the orange colour in the cell
of the forewing. In E. membliaria the basal jiatch occupies almost two-thirds of
the cell, and is mostly connected along the median nervure with the square, or slightly

( 191 )

rciiifonn, patch upon the disfocelhilars ; near tho apex of tlip IniMil patch stands often
a black dot. The discocellular mark is mostly smaller in the Java form than in
typical 7iierjihliari(i,, but there is a specimen (mountain form ?) from Mount (iede,
West Java, in Dr. Staudinger's eoUection in which the whole cell is filled up with
orange, except a small mark near the apex at the subcostal nervure. The female of
incmispieua is usually devoid of the discocellular patch, and the basal patch is mostly
small; the individuals in our series vary in this respect rather much ; the liasal patch
is either nearly absent or feebly marked, or is even as large as it is in certain Java
specimens, and in one of our Celebes individuals there are orange scales upon the
discocellulars.

From these remarks it seems to me to be pretty clear that Hampson, I.e.. was
perfectlv right in uniting the above-named four " species" to one species, wliicli we
have to divide into three subsjiecies : E. meriibliaria membliaria (Cram.), E. mem-
bliaria renii/ent (Feld.), and E. membUari/i, inecmspicua Butl. K. J.

38. Euplocia membliaria membliaria (Cramer).

Phidaemi. Bniiihy.r mniill/aria Cramer, Pap. E.nil. III. p. l.'SO. t. 2lj',l. f. C. u (178'J) (ludia or., " $ "

ex en:).
Euphcin memUiair Hiibner, Ver:. hp/.\ Si-hmeU. p. 172. ii. 1V8'2 (1822).

Hypsa memhiiarin, Walker, Lip. Hit. B. .1/. II. p. 448 (1854) (E. Indies ; "North India" hi: en:).
Euplociit membliriria, Butler, Ti: Eiit. Sue. Loud. p. ;i27 (187."i) (Maulmein ; " N. India" lor: en:) :

Hamps., J/oM.s- iif hidin I. p. 49lj. n. 1131 (1891) (A'x parte; Maulmein, Si.am, Andaman.s,

Philippines; iier J.ava) ; Swinh., Cat. Leji. Uet. Ojf. I. p. 83. n. 373 (1892) {Sipi. r.r jinrti :

Cambodia, Siam, Philippines).

There are specimens of this insect in the Tring JMuseum from the Andaman
Islands (.l c?, 5 ?), Pulu Laut (Natuna Islands, 1 ? ; Hose, September 1894), Borneo
(2 3, 2 ?), Palawan (1 (?, 1 ?); it has, besides, been recorded from Burma, Siani,
and the Philippines; Dr. Staudiuger gave us for inspection a specimen each from
Penang and Mindanao.

The upperside of the wings is, in eitlier sex of this and the other subspecies,
opalescent blue iu certain lights.

In Dr. Staudinger's ? from Mindanao the orange patches of the forewing are
as much extended as in ordinary Andaman or Burma examples; the hindwing is
without white longitudinal lines in the marginal region, K. J.

39. Euplocia membliaria reiiigera (Fekler).

Kujiliicia memUinriii, Moore {nee Cramer, 1782), Cnl. Lrp. Iiix. .Mux. I'.. I. C II. p. 29.'). n, 1179 (1859)

(S.'/H. excl. ; Java).
? . Aganals renkjera Felder, Reise Xorara, Lip. I. t. HX!. f. 2 (1H74) (Java acrord. tii exjilan. of pi.

jmeje 1 and the label at type-spei-imen) ; Snell., Tijd.schi: r. Enl. XXXI. p. 118. n. 2 (1888).
(J ? . Eiqihieia moderata Butler, Ti: Enl. Soe. Loud. p. .327. n. 3 (187.5) (Java).
?. Eiiptariii uiemblUn-ia form reua/erii, Hampson, .Uol/is of India I. p. 49(5. sub n. II3I (1S92)

(Java).

The type-specimen oireniijcra (Feld.) is still preserved in the Felder collection;
it is rather faded, and the orange patches on the forewing are therefore nuich ]ialer
than in fresh specimens.

The ? of Butler's moderata has tlie orange markings rather smnlh-r than the
type oi renigera.

We know this form, which does not seem to be always distinguishalile from
membUuria, onlv from Java. K. J.

( li»2 )

40. Euplocia membliaria incouspicua Butler.

I-^iijiluciii inconspiciiu Butler. Ti\ I^iil. Si»\ L.,„(l. p. :',■>><,. n. 4 ( XH'Ti) (ilacassar) ; Swinh., Oil. Lt)!.

Uet. Oxf. I. p. 83. n. .S74 (1892) (Flore.x, Macissar).
AganaU memhliaria var. rtnliuiis Snellen, Tijit^rlu: r. Ent. XXII. p. 77. n. 34 (1879) (Celebes:

Bontkain. Balangnipa, Amparang).
Euplocia membliar'ui form iiicunsjiicua, Hamp-on, Mollis </ India I. p. 496. sub. n. 1131 (1892)

("Java" ejc err.).

This form is in the Tring Mu.'^onin from S. Celebes (W. Doherty, August and
September 1892 ; 4 c?, 6 ?), Kalao (A. Everett, December 189o ; 1 c?, 2 ?), Sambawa
(W. Doherty, 1 S, 7 ?), Adonara (\V. Doherty, November 1891 ; 2 S), Pulu Laut
(S.E. of Borneo; \V. Doherty, Maroli 1891 ; 4 c?, 1 ? ). Swinlioe records it also from
Flores.

The specimens fi-om Celebes are of a darker shade than those from other
localities; the Adonara specimens are palest.

The nervular and internervular lines are in Celebes males seldom marked on the
upperside of the hindwings, while in three out of our four Pulu Laut examples and
in one of the two Adonara males the white lines of the fore- and hindwings are as
long as in Andaman specimens. In the Celebes males there appears often an orange
line upon the costa of the forewing con-esponding to the basal orange patch of the
female.

In our Pulu Laut ? and in one of our Celebes ? ? the basal orange patch is
represented by a small numljer of orange scales situate along the costa ; in some
other specimens from Celebes there is an orange line upon the costa, and in others
again from the same place, as well as in two femali'n from Sambawa, the basal patch
has at the apex a width of 2h mm. and attains a length (measured from the base of
the wing) of 11 mm.; some orange scales are occasionally present upon the disco-
cellulars. K. J.

Neochera lUibner.

Phalaemi l}oml>y:r, Cramer, Pup. Exot. III. p. 174 (1782).

Xeochera Hiibner, Vei-z. hek. Srlimell. p. 173 (18Ifi) ; Moore, Cat. Lep. hm. ihin. E. I. C. II. p. 294

(18.59) ; Bull., Tr. Ent. Sor. Land. p. .328 (187^-.) ; Snell., Tijilsi-lir. r. Ent. XXXI. p. 120(1888) ;

Kirby, Cat. Lep. Uet. I. p. .389 (1891) ; Swinh., Cat, Lep- Uft- (>V'- I- P- 84 (1892).
Ililimi. Group 4. Xeochera, Walker, Lep. Uet. B. M. II. p. 448 (1854).
rii/p.w. Group 9. Pltilona, Walker, I.e., p. 456 (18.54).
Philona, Moore, I.e. p. 294 (1859) : Butl., I.e. p. ^2;y (1875) ; Snell, I.e. p. 119 (1888) : Kirby, I.e.

p. .391 (1891) ; Swinh., /.-•. p. 95 (1892).
IJypm. Sect. I. {Ifi/psa), Hampson, Moths of hid h I. p. 498 (1892).

Notwithstanding Snellen, I.e., enumerates a number of characters .*aid to dis-
tinguish Philona from Xeochera, to which generic names he puts as author Butler,
instead of Walker and Hiibner respectively, though Butler never published a line
about the generic characters of the insects in question, I cannot accept Philoim as
a genus distinct from Neochera. Snellen dilTerentiates Philona from Neochera by the
following three characters (I.e. p. IIG) : —

1. Philona: "Rand van dc middencel der voorvleugeis tuschen ader 3 en 4
schuin " ;

Neochera : " Kand van de middencel der \oor\leugels tuschen ader 3 en 4 recht."

I fail to find this difference. In our specimens of N. inops (Wlk.), hhawana
(.Moore), marmorea (Wlk.), etc., the partitions of the median nervure and the
discoeelluiar veinlets of the forewing do not exhibit any constant differences.

( 193 )

2. Philona: " hunne ader 7 nil de spits der aanh<angeel " ;

Keochera : " hunne ader 7 uit liet midden van deu aciaterrand der aanhaugcel."
The position of vein 7 is, neither in the forms referred to Philona nor in the
various species of Neochera, constant. In all the insects in question the common
stem of veins 8 and 9 comes from the tip of the areole (aanhangcel) ; in inopa (\N'lk.)
vein 7 originates usually rather close to this stem, though it is always distinctly
separate from it ; sometimes vein 7 is farther removed, and occasionally it stands as
far away from the tip of the areole as to originate at the apical third of the free
(outer) portion of the areole. On the other hand, in K. eiujenia (Cram.) and allies
vein 7 originates generally midway between the apex of the areole and the cell,
or is more basal, or stands even close to the anterior angle of the cell ; in many
individuals, however, vein 7 approaches the apex of the areole, and has often the
.same position as in such specimens of inops (Wlk.) in which that vein has the most
basal position. (Jn an average, vein 7 is, however, certainly more apical in inops
than in eufjenia, marmorea, etc., and in so far Snellen's statement would be correct,
but as that character applies only to the greater number of specimens, not to all
individuals, it is neither of generic nor of specific value.

3. PhiloiKi : " eiudlid der palpen slechts een derde zoo lang als lid 2."
Neochera bhaivana, p. 121 : " eindlid der palpen korter dan de helft van lid 2."

I have measured the joints of the palpi of several specimens, and find that the
terminal joint has a length of | mm. in inops, while the second joint is li mm. long ;
the latter is therefore only twice, not three times, as long as the third joint. The
only structural character of importance by which Walker, I.e., differentiates Pkilo7ia
reads : " Third joint of the palpi less than half the length of the second."

The third palpal joint is shorter in iiwps than in nifirmorea, eugenia, dominia,
etc., but this cannot serve to separate ino2JS generically, since N. marinorea and
bhawana take an intermediate position and approach more inops than eugenia and
dominia. ^Moreover, marinorca and bhawana agree with inops and disagree with
eugenia in another character, namely in veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings standing close
together, whereas in eugenia and allies they are more or less widely separated (see
Snellen, I.e. p. 121). This character again is not constant; there are specimens of
eugenia in which those veins have the same position as in certain specimens of inops
wliicli are most extreme in respect to the separation of veins 3 and 4.

W Xeoehera is to be split up into two genera, inops (with privata), marmorea,
and MrtWfMirt must come into Philona, and dominia and eugenia (with numerous
subspecies) into Neochera, and Philona would be characterised by the somewhat
shorter terminal joint of the palpi. However, that character is so slight, and the
generic separation of marmorea from eugenia seems to me so unnatural, that I must
treat Philona as a synonj'm of Neochera, the more so as inops, marmorea, eugenia,
etc., have some remarkable characters in common which distinguish them at a glance
from Asota (= Hypsa).

Snellen, I.e., separated Neochera and Philona from A.'iota by the cell of the
hindwing being longer than half the wing, and by the presence of a " viltachtig dick
beschubde pleck " near the anterior margin of the hindwing. The first character is
quite correct as regards N. marmoi-ea, bhaivana, dominia, and eugenia (inclusive of the
subspecies) ; but in N. inops (and jyi-ivata) the cell is mostly just half the length of the
wing. In Asola coniorta (Auriv.) (= A. lortuosa Snellen, nee ]\Ioore) the cell to the
hindwing is also half as long as the wing [see Snellen, I.e. XXXVIII. p. 180 (1896)] ;
va. Aganais ficus (F.) it is likewise of half the length ol the wing. The proportion is

( I'J-i )

never quite constant : for examiil<\ in two specimens of X. raarmorea the number of
millimetres of the length of the cell and the length of the wing are respectively
14 and 26, and 14 and 271 ; in Asota pku/iata, 10 and 21, and 8 and 19 ; in Anota
la^mta, 10 and 22, and 9i and 20.

The second character mentioned by Snellen is of great importance, as that part
of the striduluting apparatus, as well as the fold before the cavity of the forewing,
are essentially different from the apparatus of Asola. 'i'he patch referred to by
Snellen stands at the apex of the cell on the hiudwing above, is rather sharply
defined, and consists of enlarged, rounded, thick scales, the surface of which mostly
has seventeen stripes ; the spot has a glabrous, not a " viltachtig " appearance (I'l. IV.
fig. 45, one of the scales, N. bhawaim). In Asota the corresjwnding mark is elongate,
smaller than in Xeochera, and stands immediately behind the costal nervure (PI. IV.
fig. 41); the scales composing it are larger than in Xeocltera, and have usually
thirty-five stripes (PI. IV. fig. 44).

The fold in front of the cavity on the forewing below is narrow, and clothed
with strong, enlarged, yellowish scales, which are rounded at the apex and cover one
another for the most part, as shown on PI. IV. fig. 39 (X nujenia). The fold with
these strongly chitinised and striate scales produces a sound by friction upon the
scales of the before-described mark on the hindwing.

The scales between the costal margin and the middle of the cell of the upjierside
of the hindwing of Xeochera are elongate, being at least four or five times as long as
broad, while in Asota that portion of the wing is covered with short rounded scales
which are scarcely half as long again as broad and slightly resemble the scales of the
stridulatorv patch. Just before the costal nervure, in the basal half of the hindwing,
there is in Asota a streak of (mostly yellowish) hairlike glandular scales, corresponding
to a similar streak behind the submedian vein on the underside of the forewing ;
neither streak is developed in Xeochera.

Contrarv to all species of Asota I could examine, the harpe of Xeochera is very
slender and long (PL IV. figs. 28, 29, 30).

Besides the cell of the hindwing being usually longer than in Asota (see above),
there is very little in the neuration to distinguish Xeochera by. The free apical
portion of the areole is in Xeocltera shorter than the basal portion, while in Asota the
reverse is mostlv the case. Vein 11 of the forewing stands in Xeochera farther away
from the apex of the cell than in Asota, the basal portion of the costal vein to the
hindwing is weaker than in Xeochera, and the same portion of the subcostal nervure is
mostly stronger than in Asota. These differences are, however, by no means constant.

flie upper- and underside of tlie thorax, especially the tegulae, as well as the
coxae, are in Asota clothed with long hairs, which give these parts of the body a
woolly appearance. In all Xeochera the upperside of the thorax is covered with
relatively short scales, which do not conceal the outline of the tegulae ; in X. dominia
and emjenia also the underside is scaled, and the scales at the sides of the sterna and
in front of the anterior coxae are very Iwoad and rounded, while in inops the scales
before the anterior coxae are longer and partly hairlike. The sterna of X. -nmrmorea
appears to be hairy, but the hairs are dilated at the ai)ex, exclusive of those at the
edges of the epipleurae, and differ in this from the hairs on the sterna of Asota.

The scaling of the wings of Heterocera is said by Kettelhoit, Sclmeider, and some
others, who have compared the scales of various families, to differ from the scales of
RhojKilocera in being generally without a basal sinus, which is always present in
the greater jiortion of the wing-scales of Rhopaloccra. Schneider mentions only

( i!>j ;

Gastnildae, Psychidae, aud certain Noctuidae (Gatocala) as licing provided with
" sinus-scales." I find, however, that the sinus-scales are much more widely dis-
tributed amongst Heterocera, and that the term " Rhopalocera-scale " for sinus-scale
and " Heterocera-scale " for scales without sinus, as applied by Kolbe, Einft'/liruiuj in
die Kemdniss der Insecten p. 32 (1893), is misleading, aud cannot be accepted.
In Agamddae sinus-scales are present amongst scales without sinus in all species,
and in Neochera marmorea and hhdiod/mi, nearly all the scales of the upper layer
on both sides of either wing, which scales assume a metallic bluish gloss in certain
lights, have a sinus, while the scales of the under layer are, to my knowledge,
without sinus. Sinus-scales are also very common on the wings of Agaristidae. The
scales with and without sinus are connected by all intergradations. The stridulatory
patch of thick scales on the upperside of the hindwing is, in Xeochera as well as in
Asoto,, composed of sinus-scales (PI. IV. figs. 44, 45), whereas the fold on the underside
of the forewing is clothed with scales without sinus.

The following Afjanaidae belong to Neochera Hb. : —

N. dominia (Cram.), eugenia (Cram.), sUbostethia Butl., hasUlss'i, (Meyr.),
butleri Swinh., heliconides Snell. = zaria Swinh., niarmorea Wlk., bliatvami JNIoore,
inops (Wlk.), privata (Wlk.), and cinerascens Moore.

The other insects standing in Kirby's Catalogue under Neochera must be
referred to Asoia.

Those eleven names belong to insects of tlu'ee ditferent types, each type repre-
senting, in my opinion, one species, so that there would be only three species of
Neochera ; for want of intergradations, however, bhaivana and eugenia must at
present still be kept separate from marm&rea and dominia respectively, so that
the number of species is five.

1. /ftops-type. Here belong inops (Wlk.), privata (Wlk.), and cinerascens
Moore; the latter is a synonym of privata (Wlk.). The antennae are, as in all
Aganaidae except Aganais Boisd., com^iressed. In the nude each joint is clothed
with long and with short thin hairs ; the long ones are shorter than the joint, and
dispersed all over the not-scaled portion of the joint. The two apical joints are of
nearly equal length — the apex of the terminal joint is, as in the other Aganaidae,
produced into a Ihin cone — and are about one-fifth longer than broad ; the preceding
joints are relatively and absolutely longer than the two apical ones; from the apical
third of the antennae, towards the middle, the joints become gradually shorter and
higher, and are from the middle to the base of the antennae shorter than vertically
broad.

The female antennae are thinner than tiiose of the nude, all the joints except
those of the basal fourth are longer than broad, and the hairs and bristles are shorter
than in the nude.

The claspers of the nude (PI. IV. fig. 28) have lost the solelike form usually
pi'esent in Aganaidae. They are broad and outwardly convex at the base, and their
apical half is transformed into a strongly chitinous hook, furnished at the inside
half-way down to the base with a rather broad dilatation from which projects ventrally
a sharp tooth. The claspers are without a clothing of hairlike scales at the inside,
but are hairy outside. The dorsal, more chitini.sed, portion of the clasper turns at
the base round towards the bipartite harpe, which consists of two sticklike pieces,
one with nearly its entire length joined to the clasper, the other projecting free.
There is little variation in the form of this apparatus, as it seems; the median

( li*" )

dilatation of the clasper, as well as the tooth projecting from it, are, however, slightly
different in various individuals.

iV. inops and privata agree in the structure of the antennae and genital
armature jjerfectly, and as there is to my knowledge no other diCFerence between
the yellow inops and whitish privata than that of colour, I believe that Snellen, Lc,
is right in uniting inops and privata to one dichromic species. It remains, never-
theless, a curious fact that intergradations are unknown to science.

The .stridulatory mark of thick scales on the hind\Ting is yellowish in iiiops and
ab. privata, and becomes anteriorly often black in both forms.

Tlie yellow form inops is in the Tring Museum from Bhutan, the Khasia and
Naga Hills, Nias, Borneo, Java, and Palawan ; Dr. .Staudinger lent us specimens from
Balabac and Mindoro ; llampson, I.e., records it, besides, from Sikkim and Burma.
The white form privata we have before us from the ;\ndaman Islands, Sumatra, Nias,
I'uhi Laut (S.K. of Borneo), Borneo, and Java; Hainpson records it, besides, from
Burma and the Philippines. Timor and the Lesser Sunda Islands are inhabited by
a slightly different subspecies of the whitish colour of privata. Apparently the
white form does not occur in North India, and the yellow form not on the Lesser
Sunda Islands inclusive of Timor, while the interjacent districts are inhabited by
both.

Typical inopis (Wik.) comes from Assam ; the specimens are somewhat larger
than those fi-om the Malayan Islands, and have the black border to the hindwings
narrower than the individuals from Borneo and the Phili)ii>ines ; in our three
examples from Palawan the cellule between veins 6 and 7 of the hindwing below
is aU black, while in Indian and Andaman individuals the yellow area penetrates into
that cellule. The two ventral rows of black spots on the abdomen are in North
Indian inops rather large, and in most examples from the Malay Arcliipelago and
the Philippines moi-e or less obliterated. K. J.

41. Neochera inops tenuimargo liothsch. sulis|). nov.

d" ?. Differs from N. inops ab. pi-ivata (Wlk.) in the white colour of the under-
side of the forewing being of a purer white tint, in the black border to the iiindwing,
though extending beyond vein 2, being narrow, having at \ein (i a width of only
3i to 4 mm., and in the black costal border to the hindwing being either absent
or feebly marked.

llah. Dili, Timor (tupe: W . Dolierty, Jlay 1892); Aior (\V. Dolierly, Oclolier
1891); Pura (W. Doherty, October 1891); Adonara (W. Doherty, November 1891).

In the narrow black border to the hindwing this geographical form resembles
much certain yellow specimens from Assam, but the black border is in the latter
individuals, when it is as narrow as in tenuimanjo, shorter, not reaching vein 2.

W. K.

2. Dominia-t\\)(\ Here come dominia (Cram.), eugenia (Cram.), stibostethia
Butl., basilissa (.Meyr.), bnlleri Swinh., heliconides Snell. = zaria Swinh., and a
number of new forms described below by Mr. Kothscbild.

All these insects are distinguished from the other forms of Neochera by the
longer terminal joint of the pali)i.

The antennae do not essentially differ from those of inops (Wlk.) ; bnt the thin
hairs of the 7;irt& antennae are longer, those near the edges of the middle joints being
as long as, or a little longer than, (he joints.

( 19' )

The claspers resemble those of inops much more than those of 'niarinoreu ; they
are broad and outwardly convex at the base, PI. IV. fig. 29 (hutleri Swinh.) ; the
aiiical half is narrow, strongly chitinised, somewhat twisted, and bent down to form
a strong hook. There are only a few hairs on the inner side of the clasper. The
harpe is very slender, twisted, and much curved, and is dorsally between tip and
middle slightly denticulate.

The stridulatory patch of thick scales on the liindwing is more or less scjuare,
and generally of a black colour, but becomes often yellowish buff anteriorlv behinil
the costal nervure. ' K. .1.

42. Neochera dominia (Cram.).

Pluilaeiia Bumbi/.r dominiit Cramer, P(qi. Exot. III. p. 123. t. 263. f. \. ]'. (1782) (Coromandel).
Noctua chiom Fabriciu.s, Sprc. Ins. II. p. 213. n. 20 (1781) (Ind. or.) : id., Eiil. Si/sl. II. p. 10.

n. 34 (1793) {Si/n. et var. cxel.).
Neochera dominia Hvibner, Verr.. hek. SrhnuH. p. 17.3. n. 1784 (181(3); Butl., Tr. Eiil. Soc. Lmul.

p. 32'.t. n. 6 (1875) (Coimbatoor, S. India) ; Snell., Tijilsehr. v. Enl. XXXI. p. 121. n. 3 (1888).
Hiipsa. dominia, Ilampsiin, Mollis of India I. p. 4ft9. n. 1136 (1892) {Localities erroneous).

Tliis insect occurs in South India only ; Kampson records it by mistake from
Sikkim, Assam, Burma, and Ja\a. The differences between dominia and the North
Indian hutleri are not \ery important, and are only such of degree. Though the
absence of the orange colour from the head, thorax, two basal segments of the
abdomen and from the base of the forewings, the entirely white upperside of the
forewings, and the long blue-black streaks on the hindwings, between the median
and submedian veins, distinguish dominia at once, I have little doubt that dominia
is nothing else but the South Indian form of that widespread species of which
eugenia, basilissa, hutleri, etc., are subspecies, considering that all those distinguish-
ing characters are very inconstant in hutleri and allies, of which we have long series
of individuals. Certain hutleri approach dominia very closely in the orange colour
being much reduced, in the forewings above being almost pure white, and in the
posterior spots of the macular marginal border to the hindwings being produced
towards the base. We have not seen any specimens of Neochera from the districts
between Calcutta and ^Madras, where probalily specimens occur which overbridge
the gap between dominia and hidleri. If this toras out in futm-e to be so, there
will be only one species of the rfowi?i(a-type, and the name of dominia will have
to stand for that species; for the present dominia must be kept separate specifically.

The other " species " of Neochera which belong to the cZowiMiia-type (see above)
are all subs[)ecies of one species, the eldest name of which is eugenia (Cram.).

K. J.
4;>. Neochera eugenia butleri Swinh.

Hyjmt dominia. Walker {nee Cramor. 17K2), Lep. Met. B. M II. p. 44.S (1854) (E. Indies, N. India,

8ilbet ; m e Java).
Neochera dominin, Moore, Cal. Lep. Ins. .Mus. E. /. C II. p. 295. n. 677 O^aO) (Cherra Piuiji :

itec Java).
Neochera nuirmoreii, Moore (;ifc Walker, 18.56), P. Z. S. p. 1177 (1867) (Cborra Punji) ; But!., Tr. Ent.

Soc. Load. p. 329. n. 5 (1875) (p.ji.; Silhet, N. India, Maulmein) ; id., III. Tijp. Sj>. Lep. /let.

B. M. V. p. 43 ( ? , nee (J ). t. 87. f. 1 1 ( ? ) (1881).
Neochera eugenia, Snellen (,/.r Cramer, 1782), Tijdschr. r. Enl. \S.X\. p. 120 (1888) (Exp.;

Rangoon).
.Weorliera ImlUr, Swinlioe. Col. I., p. III. 11.,/. I. p. H4. n. 377 (1892) (Assam, .Silhet, Cambodia).
Ilijpsa butleri, Hampson, .)lotlis of India I. p. 499. n. 1 135 (1892) (Manlmein, Penang).

We have this form from the Khasia and Naga Hills, Burma, the Shan States,
and the .Mahu I'enin^ula ; Swiuhoe record.-- it from Cambodia.

14

( 198 )

The Minount of white on the head and thorax is very variable ; in some
specimens the white colour is by far prevailing on these parts. The base of the
abdomen is, in a few examples, ijuite as white as in dominia. The forewings vary
from being nearly as white as in dominia to having the darker tint of N. euijeniii
hei'pa SneU. from Celebes. The veins are broader white tlian in the subspecies from
the Malayan and Papuan Islands. The blue-black spots of the marginal band to the
hindwiiigs are .seldom all isolated in hidleri; mo.stly the two, three, or four anterior
ones are merged together or touch one another; the posterior ones remain separate
by the nervules. The spot before and that behind vein 3 vary in our series of
thirty-four specimens from 4 to 8 mm. The fringe of the hindwing is all white, not
spotted between the nervules with blue-black, or very faintly so. On the underside
the white colour on the forewing is always much extended, and the hindwiiigs have,
near the apex of the cell, a black spot corresponding in position to the stridulatory
patch of thick scales of the upperside, but composed of normal scales like the rcsl
of the disc. K. .1.

44. Neochera eugenia javana Kothsch. subsp. nov.

Uijpm (hmibiiti, Walker (mu Cramer, 1782), Lej). Ilet. B. M. II. p. 448 (1854) [Prop. ; Java).
Neocheru dominia, Moore, Cat. Lip. Ins. Miis. E. J. C. II. p. 295. n. 677 (1859) (E.r p. ; Java).
Neochera bhawana, Butler {,uc Moore, 1859), Tr. Ent. Sue. Lotul. p. .'528. n. 2 (1875) (E.r p.; ? ,

Java).
Neochera mgeiiia var. herpa Snellen («ec Snellen, 1879), Tijilschr. v. Ent. XXXI. p. 120 (1888)

(Java ; tiec Celebes).
(?) Htjiisa dominia, Hampson, Moths of India I. p. 498. n. llSti (1892) {Exp. ; Java).

Differs from the darkest specimens of hidleri by the white lines upon the veins
of the forewing being narrower, the marginal spots to the hindwing forming an
almost uninterrupted band, and the fringe of the hindwings being black between
the veins.

The posterior spots of the marginal band to the hindwing are slightly separated
from one another ; the white spots at the end of the nervules are not restricted to
the fringe, as in typical eufjenia, but are distinctly produced upon the wing.

Hah. Java.

This form is a transition to the Celebensian herija SneU. and the Timorese
proxima Rothsch. subsp. nov. W. R.

45. Neochera eugenia herpa .Snellen.

Aganais eugrnia var. hir/xi Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent. XXII. p. 78. n. 35 (1879) (Bonthain).
Nriichfra eugenia var. heipa Snellen, I.e. XXXI. p. 120 (1888) (Celebes ; wee Java).

Differs from the Java form especially in the submedian fold of the I'onwiug
being mucli lir<)ad<-r white on the disc. In a specimen from Tombugu, E. Celebes,
this white line is patchlike, and so broad in the middle as to touch the median
nervure.

From Celebes and Sanghir in the Tring Museum. K. .1.

4(i. Neochera eugenia fumosa Rothsch. subsp. now
(? ? . Forewings as in helicoiudcs Snell., but veins thinner white, especially
at the extremities; below, the subapical white patch cut short at vein 3. Hindwings
suft'uscd with bluish black scales, especially in the middle of the disc. Border to
hindwing as in herpa SneU., i.e. .spots between the median nervules somewhat longer
than hijdvana Rothsch.

Hah. .Samhawa (I UIK ; W. Dolierty /ey. ; 5 J, 4 ?); Pulu Laut (8.E. Honieo ;
W. Doherty, May 1891 ; c?, 2 ?) ; Piira (W. Doherty, October 1891 ; a ?).

Some of my Pulu Laut specimens, and an example from .Sambawa in Dr.
Stauflinger's collection, have the hindwings as dark as tlu-y are in the Philippine
form keliconides HnelL, and are distinguishable from that finiii only liy the slightly
thinner white sjjots o7i the fringe of the forewing, and by the basal half of the
median ner\ ulcs of the hindwing being much less white.

Another Sambawa sjiccimen in Dr. Staudinger's collection is like the Java form,
but has the marginal border to the hindwing a little broader between the median
nervules.

Borneo and Sumatra individuals of eu{/eniii are unknown to me. W. li,

47. Neochera eugenia proxima liothsch. sid.sp. nov.

c? ¥ . P'orewing paler tlian in liefpa Snell. ; submedian fold narrower white and
subapical wliite patch of underside marked above. Marginal band to hindwing as
in herpd ; white colour of fringe more restricted.

Differs from basilissa (Meyr.) in the darker forewings, in the costal border to
the hindwings being bluish green and well marked, not obliterated in the basal half
of the wing, in the submedian fold of forewing above being narrower white, and
in the bluish black colour of the marginal band to the hindwing being at anal angle
more extended and more pronounced.

Hab. Timor (W. Doherty: Dili, May 1892. type; Oinainisa, November and
December 1891, 7 J") ; Alor (W. Doherty, October 1891 ; 1 c?) ; Adonara (W. Doherty,
November 1891; 4 <i) ; Kalao (A. Everett, December 1895; 1 (J, 1 ?); Port
Darwin, N.W. Australia (2 J).

Two nudes from Adonara have the hindwing somewhat shaded with fuscous,
and one of them is not distinguishable from fiunosa m. The two Kalao individuals
lead over to herpd, by the submedian fold being broader white than in typical
p^'oxwia.

Specimens from Port Darwin, N.W. Australia, come much closer to proxima
than to the Queenslandian basilissa (Meyr.). W. P.

48. Neochera eugenia basilissa (.Meyrick).

Ilyjmi b'isilixsii Meyrick, I'iiu\ Linn. Sue .V. N. W'ule.^ {2). 1. p. 7G7. n. lo.S (IKSG) (Cooktown and
Cairn.s).

The large series of .specimens from Queensland in (be Tririg .Museum does not
exhibit much variation in the essential characters of this subspecies. The pale
forewings have the subapical white patch of the underside also marked above ; the
posterior region of the wing between the median nervure and abdominal margin is
much suffused with white; the nervules are rather thinly white on the disc, and
become a little broader white near the outer margin; tin' iVingi' is while at I he
extremities of the nervules.

On the hindwings the white area is not shaded with fuscous scales, the stridu-
latory mark often assumes a tawny tint at the edges; the bluish black border of the
wing is not quite continuous, .since the lower median and submedian veins remain
thinly white when traversing the band; in (his respect basilissa agrees best with
/(«7xr Snell. ; (he spo(. between veins P' and 1'' is mostly very feebly marked; (he
abdominal margin is seldom sliaded with fuscous.

( 200 )

Tlie meso- iind metathoiax are much more white than orange, often nearly all
white ; the first abdominal segment is white, vfith some orange scales dorsally.

On the underside the costal bluish green border of the hindwing is iiartly
obliterated, especially towards the base.

Known to us from Northern Queensland, Cooktown and Cairns. K. .1.

49. Neochera eugenia stibostethia Hutler.

Xeocheia utibosteOiia Butler, Tr. Enl. Soc. Lund. p. 320. n. 4 (187.i) (Bmu) : Swiub., Cut. Lc/,. If, I.
Or/. I. p. 85. u. 378 (1892) (Buru).

The head, thorax, and the base of the abdomen are white as in dominm, but
there are mostly a few orange scales at the edges of the tegulae and the metathorax.
Known to us only from Burn. l'^- ■'■

50. Neochera eugenia affinis Kothsch. subsp. nov.

Xeoihcra eiajaiia, Swinhou (w Cramer, 1782), Cat. Lr,,. lift. 0.cf. I. p. 8!. n. 375 (18',12) (/••> y.. ;
Ternate).

Differs from eugenia (Cram.) in the black border to the hindwing being narrower^
having at vein 4 a breadth of 4 mm. only; the band is much better defined and
posteriorlv slightly produced towards the disc; the white area outside the cell is not
sliaded with fuscous. The fringe of the hindwing and the veins of the forewing are
as in eugenia. The thorax is orange, with the usual black spots large, those on the
tegulae often merged together, as in eicgenia.

The dorsal and ventral spots of the abdomen are always large and iransverso ;
the ventral ones are often confluent to form transverse bands; there appear black
lateral spots round the stigmata.

Hab. Halmahera (type; W. Doherty, August 1892; 2 6. 1 V); Teniate (W".
Dohertv; 1 c?, 1 ?); Batjan (W. Doherty, March 1892; 2 ¥); Morotai (Bernstein ;
1 ?).

This form stands, as regards the pattern of the hindwing, intermediate between
tvpical eugenia and herpa. The white veins of the forewing are very prominent.

W. R

51. Neochera eugenia papuana Kothsch. sub.-p. nov.

Neochera eugeiwi, Butler (/;<•.■ Cramer, 1782), Tr. Linn. Sot: Loud. p. 328 (187.5) (Dorey, Aru) ;
Swinh., Cut. Lep. Ilrt. Ih-f. I. p. 84. u. 375 (1892) {Ex p. ; Mysol, Aru, Dorey, N. Guinea).

(J ? . Veins of forewing thinner white than in eugenia, and mostly without white
scales (or nearly so) near the outer margin. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen
particoloured with orange and white. Blue-black border to hindwing 4 to 5 mm.
wide at vein 4, very slightly produced towards disc between veins 1 and 4, well
defined; white area not shaded with fuscous, pure white. Fringe to hindwing all
black, or with traces only of the usual white dots at the ends of the veins. Dorsal
black markings of abdomen rather small.

The white patch on the underside of the forewing situate between the cell and
abdominal margin is very variable in size, and is often a mere line. The mesothorax
is sometimes more white than orange; the luctathnrax is mostly all while, as is
Usually the case with the first abdominal segment. Tlio black dorsal spots of the
alxiomeu never form transverse bands, as in cagenla and some other subspecies, and
are often reduced to minute points, or are even absent.

( 2(11 )

//((/;. Dutch and (Tpvnmn N. Guinea {t/jpe from Humboldt Bay); Waigeu ; Aru ;
Mysol; and probably all the islands near the western [leninsula of N. (iuinea.

It seems to be a rather common insect, the most prominent features of which
are the uniform blue-black border to the hindwini:; and the very thinly white veins
of the forewing. ^^'• K.

52. Neochera eugenia eiigeuia (t'ramer),

Plialfinin Bomhjr. euginia Cramer, Pap. Exut. III. p. 235. t. 398. f. .M (1782) (Amboina).
NnrUm rrhhme var., Fabricius, Ent. Si/sf. III. 2. p. 1'.). sub n. 34 (1793).
Nenchem eugenia, Hiibner, Verz. helc. iSchiiiett. p. 173. n. 1783 (181(i).
ITypsa. eiir/aiia. Walker, Lep. Ffel. B. M. II. p. 449. n. 5 (1854).
Nenchera mgenia, Snellen, Tijihclu: v. Ent. XXXI. p. 12i) (1888) (Er p.).

On Amboina and Ceram.

The white veins of the forewing are thin and nearly all of even breadth from the
base to the onter margin ; the fringe is all black except at the hinder angle, seldom
with some white scales at the extreTnities of the veins. The blue-black border to the
hindwiugs is broad, not interrupted, and between the median and submedian veins
irregularly produced towards the base; those veins themselves remain rather broadly
white; the rest of the wing is suffused with fuscous, but is whiter tlian in heliconides
from the Phili])i)ines; the fringe has very small white spots, except at the hinder
angle, where nearly all the .scales of the fringe are white ; the abdominal margin,
except fringe, is more or less broadly bluish black.

The spots on the tegulae are usually merged together. The black spots of the
abdomen vary very much in size; sometimes they are as small as in hutleri, while in
other individuals they form transverse bands, as in (ijfinis Rothsch. ; tlie \entral
markings are generally enlarged. K. J.

53. Neochera eugenia fuscipennis Rothsch. subsp. nov.

(? ?. Forewing as in p(ipuaa<i mihi. Border to hindwing very broad, gradually
shading off on the disc ; outer half or nearly the whole of the wing suffused with
fuscous, the white colour often (type) reduced to a narrow space at the inside of tli<-
stridulatory patch ; white spots mostly absent from fringe of hindwing.

The other characters as in typical eitgenia.

Hub. New Britain (4 J, 5 ?).

Sometimes scarcely distinguishable from cufjeiiia, to which it is much nearer
related than to papuana. ^^ • ^^■

54. Neochera eugenia heliconides Snellen.

Neackera eugenia var. heliconides Snellen, Tijihehr. v. Eiit. XXXI. p. 121 (1888) (Philippines).
Nencliei-a :arin Swinhoe, Cat. Lep. Hel. O.rf. I. p. 85. n. 380 (1892) (Manila).

Occurs on Palawan, Mindoro, and Luzon, ami probably also on the other islands
of the Philippine group.

Snellen, I.e., identified this insect erroneou.sly with Moore's Neochera helicmiioides,
P. Z. S. p. G (1878), which is au Asota, not a Xeochera. The characters of " heii-
conUles" mentioned by Snellen are quite sufficient to recognise the present form of
eugenia, and therefore Snellen's name must stand instead of Swinhoe's name of zaria.

The veins of the forewings are near outer margin broader white than in fiimvsa
Rothsch.; the hindwings are all bluish black except the base, the basal half of the
costal region, a patch beyond the stridulatory mark, and the greater portion of veins
I to 4, which arc whitish or white. From the darkest specimens o( fiimosa this

( 202 )

forni differs scarcely in any other character than in the extremities of the veins of
the forcwiiit; being broader white. In the extent of the blue-black colour on the
liindwiiig hellconides sur|>asses most specimens of typical ewjenia. The white fringe
to the hindwings with very small black dots, and the rather evenly suffused basal
two-thirds of the same wing on which the thin white veins are rather sharply picked
out, distinguish heliconides easily from dark specimens of evgenin and fuscipennis.

K. J.

3. iV«iv/iO)W(-type. Here belong two forms, marmorea W'lk. and hliiiuvrnn
Moore, which are structurally the same and differ only in the colour of the hindwing;
intergradations are not known to us.

The antennae of the male of bliawanti are thicker than those of euf/enia, and the
tine hairs near the base and the apex of each joint are mor(> prolonged, forming
a basal and an apical row which join each other just below the scaled dorsal portion
of the joint. In this character N. hhnvau'i and rnannoren are nearly related with
most Asota; there are, however, no lateral impressions on the joints in Xeochera.
The ten to twelve terminal joints are longer than broad, esjiecially the four last
ones; thence towards the base the joints become broader than long. In iht- fi'vutle
the fine hairs are all short and of even length, and the antennae are thinner than in
the 'iiiiile.

The claspers (PI. IV. fig. 30) resemble more those of Asota than of Xeochern
euqenia and inops, being broadest towards the apex and having almost the shape of
a shoe-sole ; on the inside they are thickly hair\\ The harpe is very slender and
long; see PI. IV. fig. 30. ' K. .1.

55. Neochera marmorea Walker.

fTi/pm mtirmorea Walker, Lep. Hel. B. M. Vll. p. I(i74 (18,")G) (Silliet) ; H.amps., Jfnihs of IniU<i

I. p. 498. n. lliU (1894) (Ex p. ; lociditks partly erroneous).
Neochera marmorea, Butler, Tr. Ent. Soc. Loml. p. .329 (187:')) (.Syw. e.r p.) : id., ///. Ti/p. Lep.

net. n. M. V.p. 43 ((J, nee ? ). t. 87. f. 10 (J) (1881) ; Snell., 'Tijdsrhr. r. Eiit. XXXI. p. 121.

n. 5 (1888) ; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het. I. p. .-590. u. 2 (1891) (Ex p.) : Swinh., Cat. Lep. IM. Oxf.

I. p. 84. n. 376 (1892) (Silhet).

This insect is known from Northern India (Silhet, the Kliasia and Naga Hills),
and is in Lower Burma, the Shan States, Tenasserim, Malacca, and on the (ireater
Sunda Islands represented by N. bhawana Moore.

The abdomen of mitrmuren has, at least on the basal segments, three dorsal and
two ventral rows of black spots, as alreadv stated bv Walker. The lateral spots of
marm&rea which stand near the lateral edge of the dorsal plate of the segment are
wanting in eugenia and inops. Those lateral spots mentioned under N. eut/enin
affinis stand on the pleural piece of the somites and are also present in marmorea.

Walker's descri])tion gives the essential characters as regards the colour: " Head
black, with white bands; . . . abdomen witii three rows of black dots; underside
with lateral black dots; . . . hindwings white from interior border to the disk."

In the Tring Museum froTn the Khasia and Naga Hills. K. ■'.

5(i. Neochera bhawana Moore.

Nraeliera hhairaiin Jloore, Cat. L.p. Ii,.<. .Uit.i. E. I. C. 11. p. 29."). u. G78. t. 7«. f. 4 ( J ) (18.".9)
(.lava) ; But!., Tr.Enl. NV. /,o«rf. p. 328(187a) (.I.-iva) : Snell., Tij<hel,r.r. Enl.XWI. p. 121.
n. 2 (1888) (Java, Sumatra) ; Swinh., Cat. Lep. Ilel. Oxf. 1. p. 8o. n. 381 (1892) (Borneo,
Singapore).

The white colour of the posterior region of the hindwing of mnrmorea is in

( 20:5 )

bhaivana absent, except on the veins. The subcostal iiervules on tlic uii|]ei-si(li' ol'
the hindwing are in marmorea white just outside the stridulatorv patrh of thick
scales, while in bhatvana they are not, or seldom, white there.

In the Tring Museum from ,Iava, Sumatra, Borneo, and the 8han .States.

K.J.
Asota Hiibner.

Pluihicm, Xncliw, Linuc', Synt. Nat. ed. X. p. 512 (17.58).

Nuctmi, Fabricius, Sijxt. Eiit. p. .090 (1775).

Phiilaena Biunhyj-, Cramer, Pup. Ex. III. p. 175 (178(1).

JJipocrila vulgaris Hiibner, Srimuil. E.r. Schmitt. t. 19l) (ISDG).

A.iol.i Hiibner, Vers. hell. Schmett. p. 1(14 (1822) [_Type : Jaraiia (Cram.)].

Hi/p.s,i Hiibner, I.e. p. 172 (1822) [Ti/pe : .silranclm (Cram.)] ; Walk., Lej,. fTrl. IS. }[. II. p. 444.

n. 65 (1854) {Ex p.) : Moore, Cat. Lrp. In^. .1/ks. E. I. C. II. p. 292 (1850) ; Butl., Tr. E,it.

Sor. Loml. p. 315 (1875) (Exp.): Snell., Tijdsrhr. r. Enl. XXXI. p. 122 (1888) (Ex p.) :

Swinh., Cat. Lep. lid. 0.cf. I. p. 85 (1892) : Kirby, Cat. lid. I. ]). :is8 (1892) ; Hamps., Mnth^

i,f I, III. I. p. 498 (1892) (Ex p.).
Damalis Hiibner, I.e. p. 172 (1882) [T<ipe : raricar (F.)] ; Swinh., /.,■. p. 9:? (1892).
Aqaiiais Boisduval, Voij. Astrolabe, Lep. p. 248 (\%?,->) (Norn, mid.) ; Snell., I.e. XXII. p. 77 (1879)

(Exp.) ; Kirby, I.e. p. 385 (1892) (Excl. of imularh Boisd.).
ffypsa. Group 5. //ypsa, Walker, /..-. p. 449 (1854).
Hypsa. Gi-oup 0. Asjia Walker, I.e. p. 452 (18.')4) [Type: paplms (F.)].
Hypm. Group 7. Dninalis, Walker, I.e. p. 453 (1854).

Hypsa. Group 10. PrtfiUa Walker, I.e. p. 457 (1854) \_Typr : plaijiata Wlk.].
Hypsa. Subgenus Damulis, Butler, Tr. Enl. Sne. Lniid. p. 319 (1875).
Hypsa. Subgenus Ayamiis, Butler, I.e. p. 322 (1875) (Excl. of imularis Boisd.).
Ilypsa. Subgenus Agnpr, Butler, I.e. p. 322 (1875) (ExH. at' eMnrnpyga Wlk.).
Pet(aia, Butler, I.e. p. 326 (1875) : Swinh., Le. I. p. 95 (1892) ; Kirby, I.e. p. 385 (1892).
Neoclifea, Butler, /.,-. p. 328 (1875) (Exp.) ; Kirby, /...-. p. 39IJ (1892) (Exp.).
At/ape, Swinhoe, I.e. p. 93 (1892) (Ex p.) ; Kirby, /..-. p. 387 (1892) (Exp.).
Aiitiehera Snellen, I.e. XXXVIII. p. 180 (1896) [Trjpe : eontorta (Auriv.)].

I unite under the (eldest) name of sinoUi ill), all tho.se Agetndldae which are
distinguished by the following principal characters : —

Fold in front of the cavity on forewing with one enlarged carinate scale ; hind-
wing above with an elongate spot of thick scales just behind costal nervm"e in the
middle of the wing ; the last but one joint of the antennae shorter than the last
but two, and at the utmost as long as broad, mostly shorter; third joint of palpi
seldom a little .shorter, mo,stly as long as or longer than the second.

In neuration the species of Asota come \'ery near Neochera ewjenia (t'ram.).

The "genera" Baiiialis Hb., Hypsn ilb., Asim, Wlk., Petalia Wlk., and
Antichera Snell. I cannot keep separate from A.vota Hb. ; the types of these
" genera " differ from one another only in the pattern, sometimes in the shape, of
the wings, anil in secondary se.xual characters, as in fact, do nearly every two species
of Af/anaidac. Under Asota Hb. we have therefore united all Aganaids which do
not belong to Spilobotys Butl. = Aejajje Snell., A(/annis Boisd., Pcrldroine Wlk.,
Anar/niei, Wlk., Enplocia Hb., Dii/ama Aloore, and Soiiimeria Hb. The number
of the species will in this paper be consideralily reduced, as our series of specimens
prove to us that many of the " species " are only geographical races and not distinct.

Structurally the variety within the genus Asota Hb. is nearly as great as it
is in respect to pattern. I gi\e here a general account of the structural characters
of Asota, and shall make some more remarks under the various species.

As in the other Aganaidae, the front of the hi^ad is in Asota Hh. slightly
widened behind, is anteriorly faintly convex in the iiiicldli-, and geuei-ally a little
broader than each eye is liigli.

( 204 )

The eye is almost circular in all A(/anaidfi£, a little more rounded in front tliaii
behind, not triangularly |)rojecting beneath, as in Af/nrislidae. When viewed from
the side, with the oliject somewhat higher than the eye of tlie observer, the eye of
Aganaidae shows a faint trace of emargination. or rather depression, near the
antennae.

The antennae are always sexually different, and their structure is, at least in
the male sex, often convenient to prove specific distinctness of superficially similar
forms. The antennae of the females are the more siraiile ones, and may therefoie
be described and compared first.

The joints (PI. IV. figs, n to 11) are compressed, being vertically thicker than
transversely; as the compression takes place especially ventrally, the transverse
section of a joint has an ovate outline. The degree of compression is somewhat
different according to the species; it is lowest in A. caricae (F.), and seems to
be highest in A. ecjens (Wlk.). The basal joints are cylindrical, or nearly so, and
the apical joints are also less compressed than the middle ones. Tlie ape.x of eacli
joint is ventrally produced into a tooth ; the apical joint, which is longest and
thinnest of aU, is at the tip produced into a thin cone. The last but one joint
is as long as broad, or slightly shorter, and is always shorter than the last but two;
the preceding ten to twelve joints are also longer than broad. The joints con.sist
of an internal and external chitinous sheath, and are clothed dorsally with scales
and laterally and ventrally with hairs. There are two transverse rows of elongate
scales on each joint, amongst which stand, besides, some tliin hairs. The apical row
of scales projects uiion the base of the next joint.

The hairs, which form a moderately dense covering upon the ct)iivex sides and
the ventral portion of the joint, are very fine, short, and depressed, and are longer in
A.egens (y\\\i.^,heliconia (Jj.^fpnpunna (Boisd.), and others, than in .1. (•"/•(«(e (F.j.
Each joint bears two f)airs of large bristles: the ventral pair is situate (one
bristle at each side of the joint) near the apex; t;he other pair is basal, subdorso-
lateral, and stands near the base of the basal row of scales. The subdorsal bristles
are always longer and thicker than the ventral ones; both pairs vary in length,
rather considerably, according to the different species. Besides these four bristles,
there are, as mentioned before, some dorsal bails projecting from between the two
rows of i^cales, and these hairs assume on the apical joints a more or less bristle-like
character, but remain always thinner than those principal bristles.

The antennae of the males are built uj) after the same type, but are always
different in every species in certain jwints from those of the respecti\'e ftmali's.
They are more comjiressed ; the free ventral portion is higher, more cariniform ; the
joints, especially tlic apical ones, are shoHor; llie clothing of tliiii liairs is longer,
at least near the base and ai)ex of the joint, and the bristles are much stronger. The
last but one joint is in all nudes shorter than it is vertically broad. In detail there
is rather much variation amongst the different species, not only in respect ((j the
length of the hairs and bristles and the size of the joints, but also as regards the
structure of the joints. There are three principal modifications of the male antennae
of Asota, which may here be represented by the antennae of -1. cirlcne (F.),
A. Iieliconin (L.), and A. coatooia (Anriv.).

In A. caricae (F.) the ajncal joint is twice as long as broad, the penultimate
one is somewhat shorter than broad, the ])receding six joints are somewhat longer t ban
broad, and the following ones become gradually broader than long, the middle joints
being about one-fifth broader than long. The ventral coni|iressed ililalation of the

f 205 )

middlp joints is scarcely one-half the breadth of the body of the joint (PI. IV. fi^. 5).
The sides of the joints are convex ; the fine liairs about oue-third or one-fourth of (he
length of the joints, and all of nearly equal length. The ventral bristles are slicrhtly
longer than the joints ; the larger subdorsal bristles are aliout half as long again as
the joints, and the dorsal fine bristle.s remain very Ihiii and have nearlv (he lengdi
of the joint.

The antennae of A. versicolor- (Don.) are similar to those of caricae; but all the
joints except the terminal one are liroader (vertically) than long, the setae are
stronger, and the sides are very faintly flattened in the middle close to the dorsal
scaled portion ; the fine hairs are extremely faintly longer at base and apex of the
median joints.

The antennae of A. plaginotn. (Kutl.J are of tlie helicoma-t\\)e, and therefore
quite different from those oi cariaie.

The bulk of the species of Asota — in fact all species exclusive of caricae,
versicolor, contorta, and an undescribed species allied to cmitorta — have the antennae
of the heiiconia-tyite, and differ from caricae in liaving a lateral impression on
each joint (except apical one), and in tlie fine hairs in fi-ont of and behind this
impression, or the hairs all along apical and basal edges, being prolonged.

A. plana (Wlk.) and allies come nearest to A. caricae (F.) and versicolor
(Don.). Tlie last ten or twelve joints (except the penultimate one) are longer than
broad; the middle joints are about one-fourth broader than long. The impression
mentioned before is rather slight, deepest near the large subdorsal bristle, and
gradually fades away vent rally ; the edges of the joint are somewhat raised near
the impression, and the hairs on these slight ridges are much prolonged, being about
of the length of the joint.

The antennae of A. albiveita (Wlk.) = vitessoides (Snell.) are similar, but all
the joints except the apical one are broader than long.

The impression becomes deeper in A. hdiconia (]>.) (I'l. IV. fig. 10); the edges
of the joints are more raised ; the ridges are, however, not on the same level, but
the basal one is more dorsal, the apical one more ventral. In consequence of the
different position of the ridges, a front view of a detached middle joint from the
distal .side shows a dilatation of the joint in the ventral half (PI. IV. fig. 8), while
I he joint appears broadest in the dorsal half when it is viewed fi-om the basal side
(PI. IV. fig. 9). The hairs on the ridges are longer than in A. plana (Wlk.); when
looked at from above, these hairs protrude at each side like brushes; the two
brushes nearest to a subdorsal bristle belong to two subsequent joints (PI. IV. fig. II).
The large subdorsal bristles are more than three times as long as the joint ; all the
joints are broader than long, except tin' terminal one; the middle ones are about
half as broad again as long.

In A. er/ens (Wlk.) and allies the impression is still deeper, the cariniform
(ventral) portion of the joints is higher, and the bristles are stronger.

The (bird chief modification of the male antennae is found in A. contorta
(Anriv.) and an undescribed Bornean sjiecies, not in A. toi'tuosa (Moore), to which
Snellen puts contorta (Auriv.) as a synonym, by mistake I think. Mere the apical
ten joints, inclusive of the penultimate one, are longer than broad. The ventral
subcariniform dilatation of the joints as.sumes quite a different aspect from that
of the lieiiconia-type, in consequence of its becoming (longitudinally) very .short,
being about half the lengt h ol I lie stem of the joint, and being transversely dilated.
The two lateral ridges of the hcl icoiua-ty\tc stand here very close together, as the

( 20fi )

II

joint is so short, have for tlic most part mpigecl together, anil are verv higli
a transverse section, or in a front view, of a middle joint, the diameter of the stem
(if the joint is much shoi-ter than that of the ventral dilatation, the outline lioiiig
somewhat like this Q. The hairs njion the ridge arc uuuli longer than in any
other Agauaid, being about three times the length of a joint; they stand in two
rows, as in heliconia, but these row^s join each other near the subdorsal bristle, as in
XeocJiei'a marmared Wlk. In a side view, the ventral dilatation appears as a
short square tooth of which the vertical diameter is shorter than the vertical diameter
of the stem of the joint ; while in a ventral view the processus is transverse and
somewhat rhombiform. The subdorsal bristle is very strong and long ; the ventnd
pair is present on the apical elongate joints, but is obliterated on the other joints.

The strong subdorsal bristles of A. contoHa (Auriv.), e<ien8 (Wlk.), and other
species of Asota remind one of tiie lateral proce.ssus found in At/nwiis Boisd., if one
examines the antennae quite su[iprKcially under a very weak lens, but are liy no
means homologous with that processus. (.)n p. (il 1 tried to poinl mit tlic ililVcrcncr
between the antennae of Aganfiis Boisd. and Asofa III). ; on I'l. 1\'. tigs. 1, 2, 'A, 4, I
now give front and dorsal views of an antennal joint of 6 and ? of Arjandis ficnx
(F.), which will at once show to the reader, when comparing figures 6 to 11, the
remarkable differences described on p. (il.

The antennae of all Agan/iidae a.re similar to those types described in lln'se
lines. The heliconin-iyiie we I'ather frequently meet with amongst Geomelridae.

The palpi of Asota do not exhibit much variation. The second joint is generally
slender, at the base curved, and somewhat twisted; the third is very thin, slightly
thickened towards the tip, and is in A. caricae (F.) as long as, in er/eiis (Wlk.)
shorter than, and in hdlcouin, (L.) longer than, the second joint ; the difference
in length between the second and third joint is always slight, except in ..4. coutorla
(Auriv.) and tartuosa (Moore), which have the second joint shorter and thicker than
it usually is in Asota. and the third joint more prolonged.

The thorax of Asota and all other .A/yr /((«'(/'/«, inclusive of .!//«//« Snell.. bears
just in front of the hinder edge of the mesoscutnm in the middle line a rounded
iinpres.sion often filled up with a brownish matter. This impres.sion is most easily
seen in Neochera, on account of the thorax of this genus being less hairy than that
of Asota or Peridro'ine, and looks here like a small black spot. This impression is
the mouth of a gland which I have not yet found in other moths; it is certainly not
present in A/etis Hb., Kyctemera Mb., and I'eluchyta Hh., which some authors have
associated with the A</aiuiidae.

The abdomen of .^I. caricae (F.) is in the female remarkalsly different from that
of all other Ai/anaiilae, and resembles that of Lymantriidae. For conipari.son I give
two figures of the tip of the abdomen of A. plaginota (Butl.) and two of caricae
(F.). The .seventh segment is in the ? of jilaginola (Hutl.) and all other Ai/anaidae
conical; the dorsal plate is longer than tlie ventral one, and is covered, like the rest
of the abdomen, with narrow elongate scales, which are at the ajiical edge of the
segment somewhat prolonged (PI. IV. fig. 46). Fig. 47 shows the tiji of the abdomen
denuded.

In A. caricae (F.) the seventh segment (fig. 48) is .shorter and thicker than in
other Af/anaidae, not conically narrowid towards the ajiex, and is covered, like the
eighth .segment, with long curly hairs, whicli form a conspicuous anal tuft. In the

( 2(17 )

ilciiuiled alidoineii of ciiricae (i\g. 49) we find the seveiitli and eighth segments being
longitudinally much folded; the eighth segment is mneh more prominent than in
other Ai/iniaidae. In consequence of the folding of the last segments their surface
is much increased, and the amount of wool which finds place here is considerable.

The genital armature of the lanles of Asota does not seem to me to be of much
interest from a systematic point of view ; the various species differ very little in the
form of the claspers, harpes, and unci, at least those species which I could dissect —
cancae (F.), plana (Wlk.), pnliura (Swinh.), heliconia (L.) and various subspecies,
er/ens (Wlk.), auMndis (Boisd.), versicolor (F.), and some others. I have not
examined the genital armature of ^. contm-ta (Auriv.), lortnosa (.Moore), and isthmia
(Wlk.), which are perhaps more different in respect to those organs than the other
species.

Tlie clasper and harpe of A. heliconia semifuscn (Butl.) from the Solomon
Islands are represented in fig. 12 of PI. IV. The claspers are covered with long hairs
on the outside, and have a very dense covering of hairlike scales on the inside: the.se
latter hairs are directed from the apical and ventral side towards the back and base.
The harpe is a short chitinous piece turned upwards at the ape.x, which is horizontallv
widened out and excavated, so that in a dorsal view the hariie has the form of a spoon
(fig. 14) ; the apical portion is asymmetrical ; the edges are \ery sharp.

The organs of A. egens (Wlk.) (fig. 15) do not show much difference from those
of A. semifusca (Butl.) ; the lower edge of the clasper is more rounded, the harpe is
more symmetrical at the apex and broader. Figs. 16 and 17 rei)resent the harpes of two
individuals oi egem (Wlk.), and we notice that the harpes are not quite identical.

The clasper and harpe oi A. caricae (F.) are also nearly the ."same as those of semi-
fusca. Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21 give a dorsal and side view of the harpes of two individuals ;
the inconsistency in the harpe is here again visible.

The harpe of ^1. pdliura (Swinh.) (fig. 22) again does not show any obvious
peculiarity.

The uncus oi Asota heliconia intacta (Wlk.) is represented by figs. 32 and 33 in
dorsal and side view ; it consists of two pieces, a strong basal angle and a slender,
slightly undulate, apical piece. The latter has a tooth at the apex, and is fimiislied
with hairs on the upperside, esjaecially in the middle. The unci of egens, caricae,
and other species agree with that of intacta.

On the whole we shall, I think, be correct in stating that the genital armature
will not be of much help in defining the species of Asota.

The claspers of Aganais riciis (L.) and speciosa (Drury), fig, 23, differ in being
almost symmetrical; the apex is not turned upwards. The harpe (figs. 24 and 2.5)
is short, spoonlike, with the apex produced into a sharp point.

The claspers of Spiluhotys Butl. = Agape Snell. are much longer than those of
Asota. The basal piece of the uncus of Spiloboti/s cMoropyga (Wlk. ) (figs. 34, 35) has
a broad processus at each side; the hairs upon the dorsal edge of tlie a|iical piece are
shorter than in Asota lib.

The claspers of Digama ma.rmorea Hut), from Queensland (fig. 31) stand in form
iiili'iniediate between those of Asota and Aganais, nwA are narrower than in both
these genera. The harpe is longer and mucli slenderer than in AsoIk and Aga'iuds,
not spoon-shaped, consisting of one sticklike piece.

The neuralion of the wings of Asotn lib. iriuch resembles that of Neochera,

( 208 )

ett/fenia (Cram.), but vein 11 of the foiewiiig origiiiatps closer to the aroole, vein :i
to the fore- and hindwing stands closer to vein 4, and tlie cell of the hindwing is
shorter. In Asola contoHa (Auriv.), not in A. tortitofid (Moore), the cell to the
liindwing is just half the length of the wing, while in the other species of Asotn
the cell is shorter. The ajiical portion of the areole, Iwyond origin of \i'in (!, is
generally' longer than the basal portion.

The structure of the stridulating organ is jieculiar. The cavity on the forewing
is well limited only in front, not at the basal side, as in Peridronie Wlk. and
Enplocla lib. : the fold in front of the cavity (PI. IV. fig. 36) is rather broad, and
is covered with irregularly ananged scales which are rounded at the apex ; in the middle
portion of the fold the number of such .scales standing beside one another and partly
covering each other is, across the fold, about eight or ten. There is in the middle of
the fohl one large obliquely placed scale of a yellowish colour, which is thicker and
more chitinous than normal scales are, and has one or more sharp longitudinal ridges.
The scales immediately beside this one are also enlarged and yellowish, and are
attached to one another and to that large scale to form a rather strong organ for
friction against a patch of thick scales on the uppersidc of the hindwing. This
patch (PI. I\'. fig. 41) stands along the anterior side of the costal nervnre, is longer than
broad, of a yellowish colour in all species, and consists of large, slightly pentagonal,
scales with a basal sinus and thirty-fi\e surface ridges (PI. W . figs. 42 and 44) [AsoUi.
heliconiii (L.)]. The stridulating organ does not vary much in Asotn, neither
according to individuals nor to diflierent species, and is readily distinguished from
that of all other Aganaids.

The homologous orgau of Ayanais jicus (F.) (PI. JV. fig. 37) comes very near
that of Asota; there are, however, three or foui' large scales on the fold before the
cavity of the forewings.

In iJiijitiiKt^loore the fold is very narrow, and is covered by twenty-two to twenty-
four transverse, somewhat asymmetrical, thick scales which stand in a single longi-
tudinal row and are strongly ribbed longitudinally (PI. IV. fig. 40). The corresponding
mark upon the uppei'side of the hindwing is a regularly arched row (PI. IV. fig. 43)
of about fifteen thick scales which stands between costal margin and costal nervnre.

All Asotd species have on the underside of the forewing the basal half of the
cell between median and submedian nervure covered with hairs, and there is a stripe
of hairs just behind the submedian vein which extends from the stridulating organ
down to the base of the wing, and is, like a similar strijie on the upperside of
the hindwings before the costal nervure, most probably a scent-iiroducing organ.

K. .T.

{To he continued.)

QgeiNf" ^^

NOVITATES ZoOLOCIC^t VoLlll 1896

13

15.

^

V-

i^^'^^v

4

"^^v

12. ./^^

17.

.-_J^-

1?^

7T

19.

20.

C-

'~\

V

r

V

22.

1

A

A

25.

-\

29. /^

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Fig.

1.

(ienn^

1 to (i.

2.

.,

7 „ 114.

3.

Kopf

von Ceracupes.

4.

,,

„ Taeniocemia.

5.

,,

„ Aidacocydus.

fi.

,,

„ Fassalica.

7.

>>

„ Riinor.

8.

„

„ OdonU)liieii.hi,a.

9.

,^

„ Of/yyes.

1(1.

,,

„ Procuhjus.

11.

„

„ Soraims.

12.

J'

„ I^opilius.

13.

n

„ Sertorius.

14.

,j

,, PniJnIifci:

15.

n

„ friopteras.

l(i.

*i

„ Eriononms.

17.

n

„ Rhodaca nlhopus.

18.

,,

„ NelcuopK.

19,

,,

„ Luphucephalus.

20.

,,

„ Morosophits.

21.

„

„ Prosoditus.

22.

„

„ Mmdiiis.

23.

„

,, Severus.

24.

„

„ Pertinacides.

25.

,,

„ Ptichopus.

2(i.

„

„ F'e^K.Ww.s.

27.

'„

„ F(»n'es.

28.

,,

„ l^CT'?'o/rf«.S.

29.

Untei

lippe von Procuhis.

80.

,

„ (Jypltopirocidus.

31.

Kopf

von Paxillns.

32.

)»

„ Paxilloides.

1

NOVITATES ZoOLOGICff. VoL 111.1896.
3.3

J

37

A.

Pl\'!

36

>

V- •

38.,

J _,

u

-^r

t^-w-J

n^

V

W

V

60

64.

^u

k,

65. \^

y

66.

( u

^ 67

NoviTATES ZooLOGic/E. Vol. ni. 1896.

\ 68. A.

PL.vnJ

69.

U-lk

EXPLANATION OF PLATES VI. AND VII.

IGCBE

FlOUUE

33.

Kojif von Paxillosomu.s.

61.

Kopf

Ton

Stephanoce

phalus.

34.

„ „ Macrolinns.

62.

>j

Didimus.

35.

„ „ Tiberius.

63.

)»

Vitellinus.

36.

„ „ Episphenu.s.

64.

.,

Pent.ilobuf,

37.

,. ., Polyac.inthopus.

65.

uud tJntei'Iippe

von Omegarius.

38.

„ „ Phoronaeus.

66.

.,

,. Gonatas.

39.

„ „ Valerius.

67.

.. Tatius.

40.

,, „ Phoronaeosomus.

68.

., Vellejus.

41.

„ „ Toxentotaenius.

69.

.sowie Fiihler v(

42.

„ „ EpiphaniLS.

Labienus.

43.

„ „ Tetraracas.

70.

t>

J,

.sowie Fiihler v

44.

,, ., Cas.sius.

Pelops.

45.

,, „ LuciUus.

71.

.,

von Pelopides.

46.

,, „ Synesiu.s.

72.

,, Eriocneml«.

47.

„ „ Thi'yptocerus.

73.

jy

J)

„ Plestlienus.

48.

„ „ Petrejus.

74.

,,

,,

., Pliraortes.

49.

„ „ Plianocles.

75.

,,

J,

„ Aurelius.

50.

,, Viudex.

76.

jt

,,

„ EpLsphenoi'des.

51.

„ „ Oeneus.

77.

J)

)>

,, Cetejus.

52.

,. ,, Ninus.

78.

,,

»!

,, Pharochilus.

53.

„ ,, Ptychotrichus.

79.

))

»>

,, Heterochilus.

54.

„ ,, Calidas.

80.

))

,, Mastochilus.

55.

„ „ Semicyclus.

81.

Unte

ilijipe vou Aualaches.

56.

„ .,, Tarquiiiius.

82.

Kopf

um

Unt erlippe

von Ejjil.-iches.

57.

,, ,, Ciceronius.

83.

,, Laches.

58.

„ „ Solenocyclus.

84.

>'

»j

„ Basilianus.

59.

„ „ Flaminius.

85.

«

f)

)i

,, Acerajus.

60.

„ „ Trichostigmus.

( 209 )

DIK PASSALIDEN UICHOTUMISCH BEAUBEITET.

Von a. KUWEltT.
(Tafel V. VI. VII.).

jreu THEIL.— DIE (iRUPPEN UND GATTUNGEN.

ANMERKUNCi. — Herr W. vou Rothschilil versjirach vor eiiiigcii Jaliivu ilcin
Vei'fasser, fiir die Veroffentlichung der MonograpLiscbcu Rearbeitiiug diT
Passaliden Sorge tragen zii wolieu, uiid gab dies Versprechen luiuptsiiclilich iu
liiicksiuht daraul', dass iut'olge der ungfuugendeii Beschrcibuiig so vieler Gatlungi'ii
iiud Artc'u iu derBestimmmigstabelle in Bcrl. Eiit. Ziit. 1801 eiu femercs Arlieiferi an
Passaliden oime die Veroffentlichung des ansfiihrlichen IManuscripts sehr erschwert
sein wurde.

Wir iibergeben liiermit die Kuwert'sclie Arbrit dci- Wissenschaft und bemerkeu,
dass wir keinerlei Verantwortuug i'iir den Inhalt der Arbeit Ubernebmen, dass wir
nnsjeder Kritik enthalten nnd auch die sacblicheu und uomenclatoriseheu Irrtblimer
uicht lierichtigen. Dagegen haben wir uns erlaubt, einige ganz unnOthige Satze
des reclit nmfangreicben Mannscripts zn streichen, wie z. B. eine langere Entscliul-
diguug wegen des Fehleus lateiniscber Diagnoseu und eine Liste (mit Angabe der
Lebensstelhmg, u.s.w.) von Persouen, nach denen Passalus-Arteu benannt sind,
mid haben ferner einen der monograjihischen Bearbeitnug beigegebeneii Katalog
der Passaliden nicht als Anhang gedruckt, sondern die Syuonymie und die (Jitate
in den Text gesetzt.

Dk. K. JullDAN.

Die Passaliden sind von Lacordaire zn den Lueaniden gostellt. Docli bildeu
sie, wie die :iusserlicl\ im Kiet'erban ihnen zieiulieh gleichendeu Heteroceriden eine
eigene Familie nnd haben mit den Lueaniden wenig anderes gemein, als dass die
lotzten Fiihlerglieder gelajjpt und die Fiihler hiuter dem ersteu (iliede geknickt
sind. Der tiefe Ausschnitt in der Unterlippe, welcher dieselbe zweilappig ersoheinen
liisst nnd ihr jede Aehnlichkeit mit dem Kinn der Lueaniden nimmt, die in dem
tiet'en Unterlippenaussehnitt ganz frei liegende Zunge, der bewegliche Zahn im
Oberkiefer, der flache Korper, die Lappen des Prosternums, das grosse, frei liegende
Schildchen, welches vorne nicht dnrch das Halsschild verdeckt wird, die (ileichlieit
des Ko])fbanes bei beiden Geschlcehtern — alle diese Eigensehaften trennt'U diese
Thiere, al)gesehen von ilirem lisinlig unsymmetrisehen Clvpeus nnd den verschieden-
artigen Wiilsteu, Buekelu nnd Auswtichsen des Kopfes, von alien iliren Verwaudteu.

Die Passaliden haben bisher 3 monographische Bearbeiter gefunden (Percheron
1835, Burmeister 1847, Kau]) 1871). Bei der Art und Woise jedocdi, dass man
bisher in den Monographieen zu wenig die untersciieidenden Merkmale diM-
verwandtcn Arten liervorhol), ist heute kaum .h'mand iin Slandc, uach denselben
sein 8ammlnngsmaterial riclitig zu bestimmen : und so steckt iu Folge der
Unkenutuiss der beschriebeneu Arten eine sehr grosse Zahl neuer Arten unerkanut
in den Sammlungen.

( 210 )

Kiuiji hiitte bcsser gcthuii. wciiu er auf ilein Fiiiulaiueute, welches ilini
Percherou iind Biinueister liiiiterliesseu, zn eiuer systeiuiitisclieii Zusamineiistelluiiir
(ler Arten mid Gattiiiifreii geschritten wiire, ohne seine individuelleii Ansieliten iilicr
die KutwieklungsgescliieUte der Thierwelt nach dem Fiinfersystem in iibersprin-
gciider Vcrwaiidscliaft in seine Arlieit liineinziiflecliteu. (Man lese in Kanp's Arbeit
8eite 12 die ersten Zeilen 1). JMit nilr bedanern gewiss alle Entoiuoldgen, dass diese
fixe Idee der Fiinftlieiligkeit Schuld an der Verwirrung nnd Unverstiindliclikeit der
Kanji'schen Arbeit liatte. Diesem pliilosopliisclien Satze znliebe miissten Geueia
nnd Arteu, die dicht an eiuauder gelioren, von einander getrennt werden, mussten
einzcbu! bcreits besehriebeiie Arten eingcben, konnten ferncr aiicli die (Jren/.en der
Genera, die Unterscheidnngsmerkniale der Arten niciit imnier genan fixirt werden.
Es wiire sonst der kunstlicli ideale Ban zusammeugei'allen, nach welchem bei Kanp
die Riesen der Proculus-Artcn in der Mitte von y Proculineu-(iattungen and
von 75 Gattuugen tiberhanpt stchen, wiihrend zu einer Seite der Procnlinen sieh
zuuiichst 25 Eriocueminen-(!attnngen nnd danu Ti AuIacocyelinen-CJattnngen (Ut
ostlicheu Hemisphare, auf der aiideru zunilchst 25 Neleinen-Ciattiiugeu uiid (hum 5
Passaliden-Gattungen der westlichen Hemisphare anscbliessen, naturlich cine jede
dieser nach dem Fiinfersystem arrangirten Gattnngen mit 5 Arteu. Schon in der
Gewaltsamkeit dieses klinstlicheu Anfbaues lag die Nothwendigkeit der Verzerrung
und das Abhandenkommeus einer wirklich systematischen Ueliersichtlichkcit.

Zu der UumOglichkeit leiehtcn I']indringens in die Kanp'sche Arbeit triigt
feruer bei das hiiufige Zuriickgreifen anf den Ban der Kiefer, wo dasselbe nicht
einmal nothig war. Nicht unr, dass der Leser niclit stets in der Lage ist,
den Bau der Kiefer an jedem Thiere seiner Sammlung ohne .Schiidigung
desselben ersehen zn konneu, bietet die grosse Aehnlichkeit im Bau der Kiefer
o-eradezu eine Unmoglichkeit fiir eiue richtige, unterscheidendc Beschreibnng,
"•eschwei"-e denn fur das richtige Verstiindniss eiuer nnvollkommenen und unsicliern
Beschreibnng und Ditl'erenzirung. Ausserdeni sind die Kiefer einer liberaus grossen
Abuutzung dnrch den Ciebrauch im Lebcn der Tliiere unterworfen.

Hiezu kommt, dass wir in Bezug auf die Koi)ffi)rmationem und anderweitige
Merkmale in der Kaup'schen Arbeit Benennuugeu linden, fiir welche in der
Eiuleitung keinerlei Anfklarung gegeben sind (Brlicke, Augenwand, u.s.w.). Bei
andern Ei-wahnungen, z. B. der Hintereckeu, bleibt der Leser iui Unklaren, welchen
Theil des Kafers diese Hintereckeu bctreffen, ob das Halsschild, den Kopf, das
Prosternnm, das Metasternum, nnd es bedurfte erst wocheulanger eiugehender
Beschiiftignng mit der Kaui)'sclien Monograjphie, bis ich zn dem Verstiindniss kam,
dass hiermit, auch weun vom Halsschilde knrz vorher gesjjrochen war, immer die
Hintereckeu des Metasternnms gemeint waren.

Ausser den augegebenen Monographieen hat noch Smith eiuen Catalog der
Passaliden und zuletzt Wytsmann eiuen solchen 1884 in Geuf erscheinen lassen.
In dem letztem werden 2:5 nene Arteu aufgduhrt. von dcnen P.) von MacLeay,
Stoliczka und Harold beschriebene der indo-malaiisciien Fauna aiigeluiren, wiihrend
nach 1.S84 noch Anrivillius und Schaufuss je 3 neue Arten beschrieben, so dass
die Summe der bereits veroffentlichen Arten sich auf c. 197 Arten belief, wo
danu die Bates'schc Arbeit {Bioloijid cnitmli-nmcriram, 1886— 18i>()) erschien und
die Artenzahl wiedernm erhohte.

Man wird vieileicht in der nachstehenden Arbeit die grusse Zaid ilcr
(iattunu-en zn bemiiugeln versucheu, doch wnrde dieselbe dnrch die Stabilitiit der
Anorduuu"-en in den Formatiouen der Erhohnngen und Wiilste des Kopfes und

( ^11 )

dnrcli iiuderer Merkmule bediiigt. Am-li ('rlci<'liti'rt cliese grOsscru GattnngcnzabI
(Uxs firkeiinea der nntereinauder sclir ahnliclieu Arteu giuiy, bedentcnd.

Bei der grosson Scliwicrigkeit dcr Determination habe ich f'erner, abweicliend
von den bisber iiblichen Monograpbieen, die DifFerenzirung der Gattungeii nud
Arten auf dem Prinzip der Bejabmig und Veriieinutig der Merkmale autgebaut, so
dass Irrthiimer bei richtiger Beobachtnng kaum moglich sind.

Allerdings batte dieso jetzt mit Tiecbt beliebte stets znr nnlxnliiigt sicberii
Erkeuutniss binfuhreude Art der Besebreibiiug deii P]rfolg, (bxss wie erwabnt melir
Arten und Gattungen geschaften werden mnssten, als icb nocb in der im ersten
Heft der Dinitschr/i ?Jnto)noL Zeitsi-krift 1801 von luir im Ansznge veroft'eut-
lichten Uebersicht der Passaliden annebmen dnrfte. Es bleibt bierbei der
Forscbnng spiiterer Autoren iiberbissen, ob sie vielleicbt eia oder das andere (ieuus
als iSnbgenus auti'assen, eine oder die andere Art nur als Variation gelteu lassen
wollen. Besonders scbwierig war die Uiiferenzirung der (xenera nm Pertinax und
Xeleides berum, wo es gauze Reiben bisber niebt erkaunter Tbiere gab, und es mir erst
spater uacb der Veroffentlicbung der Uebersicht in der Deutsch. Knt. Zfituiiq IS'.)!
gelang, die Treunung zu bewerkstelligen. Ferner war es bei den bisberigen, sebr
unvollkommeuen und oluie Uiffereuzirnng der Arteu von einander abgegebeneu
Beschreibuugeu meisteus unmiiglicb zn erseben, welcbc Tbiere die Autoren
bescbreiben wollten. So blieb in mancbem (ienus, welcbes sich besonders reicbhaltig
an neuen Arten erwies, da die Typen nicbt zu beschafieu wareu, nicbts iibrig,
als mebr uacb der Mntbmassung und nach dem Vaterlande, als nach der Beschrei-
bung der Autoren die vorbandeuen Xiimen auf bestimmte Arten zu denten, um
nicbt immer ueue Namen zu geben, so z. B. bei Vetuiius, Xinus uud -Xclens.

Bei den von MacLeay beschriebenen australiscbeu Arten, deren Beseiireibung
icb nicbt zu erlangen im Staude war, musste in gleicber Weise die Vertheiluug der
Namen obue Priifung nach der Kaup'scben Arbeit erfolgen.

Man erbalt iiber die Schwierigkeit dcr Zuerkennung der Namen schon
bescbriebener Arten vielleicbt ein Verstiiudniss, wcnn man die Zabl der Arteu der
nacbfolgenden Arbeit (c. 600) der Zabl dcr friiher beschriebenen Arten (c. 200)
gegeniiberstellt, und nocb mebr, wenn man in mancben Gattungen das Wacbsthum
von c. 5 Arten der Kaup'scber Arbeit auf 20 und dariiber (bei Lepfitidax sind es einige
40) in Erwiigung ziebt.

Die Genera Niiuis und Ncleiis der westlicben, Li-jitaiila.r und Ac('rajiis der
ostlicben Halbkugol befinden sich sicbtlicb in einem Stadium der Artenbildung im
Sinue Darwius. Darauf weist die grosse Mannigfaltigkeit der Abweichungcn bin,
welebe in den meisteu Fallen bereits ilerart constant gewordeu sind, dass sich zu der
Beschreibuug eines einzelnen Stiickes immer mehrere gleiche Stiicke, oft gauze
lieibeu, tindeu liessen. Fast immer sind es die Kopfformationeu, welebe zur neuen
Artenbildung das Fundament geben, und dieser Umstand bestiitigt die Kicbtigkeit,
dass der systematisi-be Aufbau einer Passaliden-Munograpbie liauptsiichlich nach
der Kopfbildung zu geschehen habe.

Sehr anflallig ist die Erscheinung, dass die absonderlicbo Untcrlipiienbildung
mit dem tiefen Ausscbnitte und der ganz freiliegenden Zunge sich kaum l)el eiiieui
Kiifergenus findet. Man kann bei dieser Formation dcr Unterlip|)e den Namen
Kiiin fur den Tbeil der L'nterli|ipe obnc ilic Zunge, wie dcrselbc in dcr i<]ntomologie
gebraiiclilicb gewordcn ist, kaum in Ausweuduiig l)riiig('n, und cs liat Kau]) in seiner
Monographic uberall luu' von der Unterli]ipe gesprocben, worin ich ibm in iler
nachstebenden Arbeit gefolgt bin.

( -'liJ )

Vergebeus suclit man bei dcii Passaliden iiaeh Uebergiingen zn audern Familien.
Ill dem Lucanidengeans riyidm von der ostliclifii llalbkngel und dem Tonol)ri(.ni-
dongeniis Ph-enopntes aus Guatemala sclieiut bei oberfluchliL-her Betruchtuug oine
Uebergaugsform sicJi zii zeigen, dock sind dei niiherer Besicbtigung dieselben niclit
mit der abnormalen Unterliiipe der Passaliden verseheu, ebensoweuig als die
Vertreter der Lncanidengattimg Sinodmdron. Allen aber fehlt der bewegliche
Zalm der Oberkiefer.

Die Gattnngeu mit verwaehseneu Fliigeldeckeu zu einer Grnjipe znsammen-
zuziehen, wie ich dies im Iten Hefte der Deutsck. Ent. Zeitschri/t (Berlin, lsS)l)
getban liatte, erwies sicli bei tieferm Ein<lriiigou nml sicb mebrendem Material als
gauz nnznliissig. Es ninssten desslialb diese Gattungen in die iibrigcn iliren
Kojiftbrmatiouen nacb eingereiht werden. Ebenso mussten, wie scbou erwiibnt,
die Nelei'neu und Pertinacinen bei zunehmender Erkenntniss in Folge ueuer
Gattungsbildnugen einer vollstiindigcu Umarbeitung unterzogeu werden. tJg ist
in Fohje desaen in der nachatehenden Arbeit nur in Anhetraeht der Nomenclatur der
Arteii auf die Verqfentlichuny in der DeutscL Eiit. Zeittimj ton 1891, nicht in
Anbetraeht der Klassificirung der Gattungen und Alien Bezug genommen.

Sebr interessant ist die Ersebeinung, dass die grossen ungefltigelten (iattuiigen
den JMittelpnnkt zweier C'entreii fiirdas Vorkomiiien der Passaliden v.w Ijilden selu'inen,
eines fiir die westliehe Ilemispbare iu Guatemala und St. Salvador, eines fiirdie
ostlielie auf den Pbilippineu. AVeuu die Flugellosigkeit auf den ungestbrteu Besitz
dieser Wobnorte znriickznfUhren seiu durfte, so wiirde dies eineu Schluss auf die
Gescbicbte der Erdformatioueu im geologiseben Sinne ermoglicben.

Eigene Formeu besitzen auf der iistlicben Halbkugel Madagascar, A'euliullaMd,
Ncuguinea und Afrika, welcbe nur sebr wenige Arten mit den nacbst gelegenen
Liinderu gemein baben, die wobl durcb irgend welcbe Einfliisse ibre Verbreitung
dortbin fandeu. Die weit verbreiteteu Lep(uul(i.r-Arim der ijstlicbeu Halbkugel
fcbleu in Afrika und werden liii-r dureb die Jlidimus- und Pentalobun-Xvim
ersetzt.

Ob die afrikaniscbe Fauna die ibr vou einigcn JIusecn und Privaleii
zngewicscnen Pa-sm/ug- und AWf«s-Arteu wirklieh bcsitzt, scheint mebr als
zweifelbaft. da diese Arten doeb nur der westlicbeu Halbkugel anzugeluiren
sebeiueu. Allerdings kiinute ieb fiir die Lepfaulna:-A\ttu der indoi)olynesicben
Fauna und die centralamerikanisebea Stepkanocephalus-Avitiu bisber audi kcine
scbarf trennende Untersebeidungsmerkmale finden, und es wird die sudafrikauiscbe
Calida.-i-Art nur durcb den Mangel der Schnlterl)ebaarung von den amerikauiscben
JVeleus-Arteu gescbieden.

Eigentbiimlicb ist die Gleichartigkeit der Kopfbildung bei beideu Gescblecb-
teru, wodurcb die Passaliden giinzlioli vou den Lucaniden abweicben ; nur bei
A'eleides duponti konnte ieb eine geringe Ditierenz in der Kopfbornliinge con-
statiren. Vielleicbt ist iiidess ciue oder die andere der vou mir aufgestelben
Acerajus-AxtK^w nur auf Gescblecbtsverschiedenlieit liinzufUbren, was ieb uicbt
festzustellen vermocbte.

Bei den beideii Gattungi'u I\iniis und NeleuH war es leider uothwendig zur
DiU'erenzirung der Arlen auf die Kieferltildnng zuriickzugreifeu, was desshalb
bedcnklicb erscbeiuen muss, weil ein grosser Tbeil ibu- znr Uutersucbuug kommenden
Tbiere die Kiefer stark abgeuntzt bat und uicbt in der ursprunglichen Form zeigt.
Man entgebt iudessen leicbt der Tiiuscbuug bei genauerer Uutersucbuug, du die
abgenutzten Stelleu der Kiefer immer matter erscbeiuen, als iler ubrige Tbeil dieses

( 213 )

Oi'gaus. Am leichtesten abfi' hilft liier oine grussere Ruihe eiuer Art voii Thieren
iiber jede Taiischting hinfort.

Ans cler Abnntznno; iler Kiefer gehf, hervor, dass die Passaliden auch noch iu
ibrem ansgebildeteu Zustaiule mit dem Zorstornugswerk des Holzes sich zn schaffeu
luachen und ein nicht ganz kurzes, vielleicht meurjithriges, Leben fiihren.

Eine Eigeuthliuiliclikeit verdieiit noch besonderer Erwahnuug, dass nehmlicb
mit dem Verwacbsen der Fliigeldecken nnd dem Aufhoren des Flngvermogens die
Dimensioucn des Halsschildes betrachtlich zuiiehmen.

Die Exploration bisher ganz nubekaunter Gegeuden wird zweifcllos deii
Entomologen VeranlassuDg geben, noch eine grosse Mange nener Arten zn den
nachstehend beschriebeuen c. 300 Arten hinznznfligen. Bringt doch ancli mir
noch eine jede ans Centralamerika anlangende Sendnng nene Arten. Wie vieh^
Bolche mogen noch in den Mnseen nnd in Saramlangen engherziger Coleojiterologen
stecken, welche ich nicht zur Durchsiclit erkngen konnte, wie viele unter falschen
Benennnngen fiir lange Zeit verborgeu bleiben ?

Ich sage hiermit Dank den offentlichen Staatsmnseen in Berlin, Brann-
schweig, Breslan, Buenos Ayres, Briissel, Darmstadt, Dresden, Helsiiigibrs,
Konigsberg, Lubeck, Stockholm, Stnttgart, Wien and Ziirich fiir die Unter-
stiitzung, welche sie mir durch Zusendnng ihres Materials zn Theil werden
liessen, nnd ebenso den Herrn Entomologen, welche mich in liebenswlirdiger
Weise mit Sammlnngsmaterial und Literatur unterstutzten.

1. Oberkiefer.
Dieselben bestehen aus :

a. Dem Oberzahn : eiuem zn den Seiten der Oberlippe aufgerichteten Haken
Oder Zahu (Fig. I. «).

b. Dem Voi-dcrzalui, oder Endabschhiss der Kiefer, welclier sich in 2, meistens
iu 3 mehr oder weuiger keuntliche Zackchen theilt (Fig. I. b).

c. Dem Unterzalin, welcher niemals auf beiden Seiten ganz gleich gebaut ist
nnd riickwarts nnd unterhalb vom Vorderzahn und dessen Zackchen gelegen ist
(Fig. I. c).

d. Dem bcwf{/liche» Zahn, welcher der Basis am nachsten gelegen ist, eine
lang dornartige Beschatienheit hat und jedenfalls einen den Tastern ahulichen Zweck
zur Znfuhrnng oder FortfUhruug der losgebisseneu Sagespitne nacli oder von den
Mundtheileu liat (Fig. I. d).

2. FtJHLER :

Die letzten Glieder derselben sind immer seitwiirts /appen&Ttig verlangert.
Disss verlangerten Glieder gemeinschaftlicii lieissen <//i^ Flayye, die Glieder der
Flagge heissen Lappen.

3. KoPF :

a. Das Kopfliorn, welches nnr bei den Spuriinen feldt, ist die bald liornartig,
bald hockerartig, bald kielartig, balil tuberkclartig getbrmte Liingscrhohung auf
der Mitte des Kojifes, welche vorne fast immer ziemlich steil abfiillt. Sie behalt
immer in jeder Form den Namcn Kopfhorn (Fig. I. //j).

b. Nebenlidch'i'r heissen die zu den Seiten des Ko])fhorns fast immer vor-
handencn, bald tnberkelartigcn, bald iiuerkieligen, bald spitzen Erhiihungen nnf der
hintern Mitte resp. dicht hinter der Mitte des Kopfes (Fig. 1. /).

l.i

( 214 )

c. Die Stindi'isten (Fig. I. g) entsjjriiigcMi fast immer, wenn sie vorhanden sind.
von der Spitze oder vom Fnss des Kopfhonis nnd laufen divergireud nach dem
Clypeus zn. Sie nmfassen zwischeu sicli —

d. Die Stirn oder das StirnJ'eld, uutev welchem luitbiii dor zwischeu den
Stirnleisten eingeschlossene Theil verstanden wird (Fig. I. /)•

e. Die Knotchen sind die kleinon liiickeuartigen Auftreihungen der Stirnleisten
zwischen dem Kopfhorn nnd dem Clvpcns (Fig. I. /).

f. Die Augemcilnde liegen an den innern Seiten der Augen, sind meistens
erhabene kielartige Leisten, wolclie auf ihrer Krone durch eiue mehr oder weniger
fnrclienartige Vertiefnng in eine aiissere (Fig. I. p) nnd eine innero Angeiiwand
(Fig. I. (/) getheilt werden.

g. M^x Augcnhid erstreckt sicli in <l('r Hiclitnng des ('ly]iens bis anf die Mitte
des Anges (Fig. I. /•).

//. Der Clypeus selbst ist der Vorderrand des Koj)fschildes nnd der verschie-
densten Bildnngen fahig, gerandet, gezahnt (Fig. I. e und /'), gefnreht, n.s.w.

/. Biiirl/ni sind die sattel- oder bergartigen Erh6linugen, welc.he die einzelncn
Erhabenbeiten des Kopfes mit einander verbinden. Brucke im allgemeinen heisst
der schrage, die vordere Augenwand mit dem Clypens oder den Stirnleisten
verbiudende Wnlst (Fig. I. s).

k. Die I'nterlippe tragt fast immer in deu Hinterecken hinter den 2 langen
nnd breiten La])pen die Narbe, eine Vertiefnng, welche meistens pnnktirt nnd
behaart ist. Zwischen den beiden Lappen findet sich bei den Thieren der ostlichen
Hcmisphare hiiufig ein durch eine Fnrche begrenztes Schild, nnabhiingig von den
Narben dor Unterlippe, das Lippenschild.

4. Das Halsschild :

a. Biickt heisst die moistens rlickwiirts etwas ansgebogene Erweitornng der
Vorderrandsfnrche hinter den Angen.

b. Karlic heisst die Einsenknng oder Vertiefnng an der Seite des Ilalsscliildes
vor den Hinterecken.

.5. Metasteknim :

(I. Metasiernalphttte heisst die niehr odor weniger abgeplattete nntere Fliiche
des Metasternnms.

h. ^^l'tllxf^>nullhinte,recken die die Ilintorocken soitlicli dor Platte begrenzenden,
vor den Hintcrhiiften gelogenen Wiukel oder Ecken des Metasternnms.

r. MetaMenialseiti'nfurclton, Epistemen oder Seitenrinneii die liiugs der Ejii-
]ilinren der Fliigeldecken gelegenen, meistens mehr oder weniger concaven, langen
Seitenstiicko dor Iliiitorbrnst.

(I. PuosTKiiNUM. Dasselbe lauft vor den Vordorhiifton in oinou Vorde.rlappe.n,
hintor dons(dbeu in einen Hintcrlappi'ii ans.

7. Taili.kn'latz heisst das untere MittolstUck des Mesosternnms. Dassolbe ist
von hinten nach vorne verscliiualort nnd hat moistens nach vorne zn in der Xithe
derNahte jeseitig einen unebene Vertiefnng, die Narbc oder schlechtweg Taillennarbe.

8. ScHiLDCHEN heisst das obere MittelstUck des Mesonotnms. Dasselbe ist von
vorne nach liinten vergchmJilert und roiclit mit seiner S]iitzo zwischen don Begiim
dor Flugoldockon,

( 215 )

Oberhiefer :
II. Oberzalm.

h. Vorderzahn mit 3 Zackeheii, oder Kieferendi-.
c. Uiiterzahn, zweizackig,
il. Beweglicher Zahn.

Chjpcua mid Stini ;

e. Binnenzahne ) , ^ii
, , , '■ des Clypeus.

/. Aussenzahne I

tj. Stirnleisten.

A. Stirnleistenknotchen.

i. Stirnfeld.

k. Stirnwirbelwarze (holilj.

Kiipfliiirn uiul Kopftliiiler .

!. Nel)enhockei'.
///. Kopfhorn.
//. u. Kopf thaler.

o. Hiaterer Augenwulst.
p. Aussere Augenwand.
ij. lunere Augenwand.
r. Augenkiel.

K. Briicke von Augenwand zum ClypeusTo
sprung.

t. Oberlippe.

UEBERSICHT DER GRUPPEN.

1 (1«). Ohne Kiel tics Prostennims zwisclieu ilea Vorderliufteii. Unterlippe
immer ohne furchenbegrenztes Scliild. Vordevrand des Halsschilds fast immer
ganz gerandet. Clypeus fast immer mit ganz gerandetera oder gowulstetem Vor-
derrande. Fiihlerflagge immer dreilappig. — l. (Jnijipe : Aidaroei/cliiHW.

\(i. Iniiuer mit Kiel des Prostcniiiiiis zwisclieu deii Vonlerliiiftcii.

2 (2a). Clypensvorderiiiiiil mit gaiizer liandfiirche, oder bandartiger Erhbhiing,
oder bcgreuzter, bandartiger, glatter Fliiehc.

3 (3a). Immer mit vorhandeucm Kopf horue.

4 (4a). Immer mit weit freiem Kopfhornc, (Uyjieus bisweilen mit einem
Mittelzalin.— 2. Gruppe : rassalinae.

(216)

4a. Das Ko))fliorn imnier niit gauz nnfreier oder kaum freier Spitzp.

5 (5f/). Vordcnand dcs ('lypens gerade, oline Bogeii, oliiie Mittcl- oder
Binneuzaline.

6 (6a). Fliigeklecken verwachsen au der \alit. C'lypens luit Handleiste.—
3. Gruppe : Proculejinae.

(m. Fliigeklecken nicht verwachscn an der Nalit.

7 (7a). Cl.ypensvorderrand bandartig crholit, au den Euden zu einem
Ziilinclien anfgebogen. — 4. Grujipe : Popiliinae.

~a. Clypensraudnng nur durch Wnlstung ontstandi'n, am Elide nit-ht /.ahnartig
anfgebogen. Clypens banfig mit Langsleiste nach der Stirnmitte. — 5. Grapi)e :
Sertoriinae.

ba. Vorderraud des Clypens aas 3 nach vorne couvexen Bogen gebildet, oder
mit starken Zahnen zwischen concaven Bogen.

8 (8a). Vorderrand des Clypeus ans 3 nach vorne conveseu Bogeu gebildet. —
6. Gruppe : Unduliferinae.

8a. Vorderrand des (Jlj'pens dnrch 2 nach vorne concave Bogen gebildet, in
der Mitte mit 2 dicht aneinander stossenden Zahnen. Hieher wiirden Valerius,
Phoronaeus nud Phoronaeosomus geboren, die jedoch richtiger in die lOte Gruppe
gestellt werdeu.

3a. Ohne Kopfhorn, doch mit Nebculiockcrn. Vorderrand des Clyjiens
gerade.— 7. Grupi^e : Spun'ifiae.

2a. f'lypens hochstens mit theilweiser Eandfnrcho zwischen vorspringenden
Zahnen, oder ganz ohne Randfurche.

9 (9«). Die Randfurche des Clypens ist nur zwischen den vorspriugenden
Zahnen vorhanden.

10 (10a). Kopfhorn lang und frei. Fliigeklecken mit verwachsencr Naht. —
8. (iruppe : PBeudacanthinae.

\^n. Kopfhorn fast oder gauz unfrei. Fliigeldeckeu ohne verwachsene Naht.
CIy])enszahne stark. Hieher wiirde Vindex gehiireii, wenu or niclit sciniMi natiir-
liclien riatz in der 22ten Gruppe hiitte.

9a. Clypeus immer symmetrisch, ganz ohne Randfurche. Uuterlippe (Kinn)
immer ohne furchenbegrenztes Schild.

11 (11a). Clypeus nur mit 2 VorsprUugeu, je ('inem zu den Seitcii der Oberliiijje,
oder ganz ohne Vorsprung. Kojifhorii nieist ganz unfrei. (Tliiere mit selir wcit
freiem, langem Koi)fh(jrn gehorcn zn der (iruppe 20, I'etrejimie).

12 (12a). Fiihler mit 3 Flaggenlappen.

13 (13a). Clypeus nicht messerartig scharf.

14 (14a). Vorderschienen auf der Unterseite mit Langsleiste oder Liingsfurche.

15 (loffi). Stirnleisten innerlialb der Anssenziihne am Clypeusvorderrande steil
abfalleud, selten iiber denselben in Binnenziiline anslanfend. — li. (Jrnp])e ;
Erionominae.

( 217 )

15ff. Stirnleisteii immer iiacli den Ansseuzaluieti des (Uyiieus gerichtet.
10 (16a). Mittolschieueu melirfach uiid stark gezahut. — 10. Grup])c : lUtuda-
canthopinai'.

16a. Mittelschienen nicht stark mid nicht mehrfach gezahnt.

17 (17a). Die Kiiotcheu bleibeii vou den (Uyi)eusvorsprungeu eutf'ernt.

18 (18a). Taillenlatz mit deiitlichen Narben. (Thiere mit behaarteu Seiten-
rippen der Pliigeldecken gehoren y.n 'rrichnxtigmu^). — 11. C4ruppe : Neleidinae.

18a. Tailleulatz ohne deutlifhe Narben. — 12. (Trnp])e : Pertinacuiae.

17a, Die Kuotclieu sitzen auf deu Vorspriingeu des L'lypeus auf. — 13. Urnjipe:
Pleurcm^inae.

14a. Vorderschieneu aiil' der Uuterseite ebeu oder ijnerrnuzlig. — 14. (trujijie :
Pfickopinae.

13a. Clypens messerartig scharl' (selten etwas wnlstig), an deu Seiteu nicht

zahnartig anfgebogen. «^^ ^,

12a. Flihler mit 3 Lappen.— 1.3. Gruppe : Veturihiae.

19 (19a). Fiihler mit 4 bis o Flaggenlappen. Vaterland Amerika.

20 (20a). Fliigeldecken an der Naht verwachsen. (Uypeus messerscharf.
Korper sehr gross. — 16. Grappe : Proculimu-.

20a. Fliigeldecken an der Naht nicht verwachsen. Korper klein. — 17. Grujii)e :
Paxillinae.

19a. Fiihler mit 4 bis 6 Flaggenlappen. Vaterland Indo-Australien. Clypeus
in der Mitte stark ausgeschnitten, mit ziemlich gleichlaugen Vorsprungen. —
18. Gruppe: Macroliinae.

Ha. L'lypeus mit mehr als 2 Vurspriiugen oder Zahneu.

21 (2la). Clypeus ohne Mittelzahn nnd ohne Liingskiel auf der Mitto.

22 (22a). Clypeus mit 4 Ziihuen oder Vorspriingen.

23 (23«,). Die belden Binnenziihne des Clypeus nahe aneinandersteheiul,
vorgeschoben. Fiihlerflagge immer dreilappig, uur bei Tetraracm vierlapjjig.

24 (24a). Koj)fhorn ganz oder last imfrei. — 19. Grnppe : Phoroiiaeinae.

24a. Kopfhorn sehr lang, vorne meist weit t'rei. Clypeus bisweilen ohne die
Binuenzahne.

25 (25a). Stirufeld und Clypeus vorne nicht jilattenformig gernndet vorgezogen.
— 2n, (iru]ipe : PHrejinae.

25a. Stirufeld mit dem ( 'lypcus [ilaltenflirmig vorgezogen ; dieser imnu'r stunipf
vierziihnig.— 21. Gruppe : Vatiiuime.

(218)

2:3«. Die Biunenzabue dcs Clypeus etwa so weit oder wciter von cinaiider, als
von den iiussere Zahnen, und falls eiiger aneiuander, nicbt zusammen vorgesiboben.
Das Kojifborn last immer fast oder sjanz unfrei.

20 (v;6((). Mit ;i Flai,'geulai)pen der Fubler.

27 (27a.). Immer sind Stiruleisten vorbanden.

28 (28a). Die Stiruleisten ziobeu iu der Uielitung gegen die Biunenziibue des
Clypeus.

29 (29a). Die Binuenziibne des C'lypeus weit vorgeschobeu. Zwiscben ibnen
und den Ausseuzabnen noch ein kleiuer, leicbt zn iibersebendes Ziibncben. Mada-
gassiscbe Tbiere, zur Gruppe der Cioeroniinen geboreud.

29«. Die Binnen/.iibue zienilich gleichlang uiit den Aussenzabnen des
C'lvjieiis.

30 (30a). ("lypeus uuf der Mitte mit wiuzigem, meist anf einem Zabne
stehendem Ansscbuitt. Afrikanisehe Tbiere znr Grnppe des Mitrorbineu oder der
Eriouominen geborig.

'A*)(t. Clypeus anf seiner Blitte obne Einscbnitt, wenu aucb zwiscben deu Bin-
nenzabnen tief ausgescbnitten. Afrikaniscbe Tbiere. — 22. Grnppe : Viiidicinae.

28a. Die Stirnleisten zieben iu der Ricbtuug gegen die Ansseuzabue des
Clypens. Stirnfeld und Clypeus bildeu keine grosse tiscbartige Platte (wie bei
Vatininen). Amerikaniscbe Tbiere.— 23. Gruppe : Neleinae.

27rt. Obne Stirnleisten. Die Binnenzabne weit voneinander. Afrikanisebe
Tbiere. — 24. Grnppe : Semkydinae.

26'^ Mit o oder 6 Flaggenlappen.

31 (31a). Blit 5 Flaggenlajijien. Diese Tbiere geboren ibrer Bildnng nacb znr
Gruppe der Mitrorbineu.

'i\n. Mit G Flaggenlai)i)('n. xVus Neu-Guiuea.— 25. (Jrnppe : Tarquiniinae.

22a. Clypens mit 6 oder 8 ( 'lypeusvorspriingen, doeb immer ohne einfacben
oder gespaltenen Mittelzabu.

32 (32a). Die von einem laugeu Stiele vor deni Kojifborn eutspriugenden
Stirnleisten zieben zu den Biunendorue des Clypeus.— 20. Gruppe : Ciceroniinae.

32a. Die Stiruleisten zieheu zu den Anssendornen des Clypens und eutspringeu
vom Kopfborne sellist.

33 (33a). llalssebildvorderraud ganz geruudet. Clypeuszabno scbarf.—
27. (Jrujipe : Soli-noci/clinae.

33«. Halsschildvorderrand auf seiuer Mitte weit umrundet. Clypeusziibne sebr
kurz, unscheinbar nud stumpf.— 28. Grujipe : Flaminiime.

2la. Clypeus immer mit einem, bisweilen gespaltenen, Mittelzabne, also mit 3,
5 Oder 7 Vorspriingen, von deuen biiufig der kleiiie mittlere last nur durcb Liiugs-
kieluug des Clypens augedentet wird. Die Spaltuug des Mittelzabues bisweilen zu
einem kleinen Ausscbnitt erweitert, danu auscbeiueud mit 2 JMittelzithucben.

34 (34a). Die Epistemen (Seitenrinnen) der Hiuterbrnst scbmal, ziemlieb
parallclseitig. Fublerflagge immer dreilappig.— 29. Grujipe : Lejjtaulacimie.

( i219 )

'■Ma. Die Epistenien der Hiuterbnist uach hinteu stark verbi'L'itert. Fiililci-
flagge bisweileu vier bis fiinflappig. — 3o. (iriippe : Mitrorhinae.

9^(9a). Clj'peus fast immer nnsymmetrisch ; wena symmetrisch, danu ist die
Uiitcrlippe mit furclienbegrenztem Schilde. Fuhlorflagge immer mit 5 bis (J
Lapjieu.

35 (35'<;). Uuterlippe mit furchenbegrenztem Scliilde oder W-foriuigeii
Eindrnck.

36 (36«). Uuterlippe mit einem A^'-f6rmigeu Eindrnck, oder balbkreisformigem
Schilde, dann aber mit stnfenartig uach dem Clypeus abgesetzten Kopffliichen.
Clypeus uusymmetrisch. — 31. Grui)pe : Gonafinae.

36a. Uuterlippe mit furchenbegrenztem Scliildcheu.

"ili^. Uas Schildcheu durchsetzt hinten die gauze Uuterlippe uud ist walzeu-
oder trapezfbrmig gestaltet.

38 (3(Srt). Clypeus immer uusymmetrisch.

39 (39a). Immer die linke Clypensseite starker entwickelt.

40 (40f')- Ohne Grnbe zwischen linkem C'lypeusdorn und Augenwand. —
32. Grnppe : Velle/inae.

Wa. Mit Grube zwischen linkem Clypeusdorn uud Augenwand. — 33. Grnppe :
I'elojnnae.

39«. Immer die rechte Clypensseite starker entwickelt, oder beide Seiten mit
Convolut von iibereiuander uud uebeneiuauderstehenden Zahueu. — 34. Grnppe :
Eriocnemiiuii'.

38rt. Clypeus s3-mmetrisch.

41 (41a). Beide Clypeusseiten mit Convolut von Ziihnen. Zur Grnppe der
Eriocneminen gehorig.

41ff. Der in der Mitte breit augeschnittene Clypeus jeseitig mit einem
Vorsprunge. — 35. Grnppe : AureUinae.

37«. Das Schildchen durchsetzt nicht die gauze Uuterlippe.

42 (42rt)- Das Schildcheu ist halbmondformig uud bisweileu hinteu nicht
geschlossen. — 36. Grnppe : Fhriroclnlinae.

42«. Das Schildchen ist sehr klein, fast puuktformig, auf der Vorderraudsmitt.'
der Uuterlippe gelegen. — 37. Grnppe : Lackinae.

35«. Uuterlipjie ohne furchenbegrenztes Schildcheu. Clyi)eus sehr uusym-
metrisch, auf der liuken Seite sehr stark entwickelt. — 38. Grui)pe : Acerajinac.

BESTIMMVNOSTAFEL DER GATTUNGEN.

1. Gruppe: AULACOCYCLINAE.

1 (Ic). Uas Kopfhorn von der Liiuge des ganzen Ivopfes, niich vorne etwas
austeigend uud sich liber den Clyjieus hiuaus erstreckeud, auf der lliuterseite

( 220 )

gniuulirt uiul zwfileistig, den ('hj)eus beiiiuhc absorbiri'iiil. Oberkiefer niit sehr
laugem, vorwjirts gerichtetem, hornartigem Oberzahne.

Thibet. Ceracupcs Kiiup (Taf. V., fig. 3).

\a. Kopfboru uicbt so gebaiit. Oberkiefer obne solcben huigen Zabn.

2 (2o). Die Augenwiinde bilden biiiter dem Kopfhoru an ibrer Vercinignugsstelle
eiuen nacb vorue gerichtetuu, sjjitzeu Zabn. Das Kopfborn laug, knollig, nacb
uuten geneigt.

Sidney. Caulifer Kaup.

2a. Die Augenwiinde biJden, falls sie sicb vereinigcn, binter dem Kopfborn
niemals einen nacb vorne gericbteten Zabn.

3 (3a). Kopfborn uiit zweiziibniger Spitze und muistens ciner Furche aiif dor
Oberseite.

4 (4«). Kopfborn mit 2 binten Inifciseuformig verbnudenen Leisten, mebr nacb
vorne gelegen. Halsscbild mit grossen, pnnktirten, sicb nacb vorne verastelndcu
Narben.

Assam, Malacca, Borneo. TaenioceiuH Kaup (Taf. V., tig. 4).

4«. Kopfborn obne bufeisenformig nacb binten verbundene Leisten.

Indo-Australien. Aulacoc'/clu.-i Kanp (Taf. V., tig. o).

3(«. Kopfboru uicbt mit zweizahniger Spitze, seitlicli comjirimirt, oder oben mit
Liingsfurche versehen, welche vor der nacb uuteu oder vorne gericbteten 8pitze des
Kopfhornes anfboreud 2 vou der Spitze entferntc Zabne bildet.

5 {oa). Scbildcben, Taillenlatz nud Vorderkopf uuj}unktirt, glauzend.
Neucaledouien. Trisfortliun Kuw.

5a. Scbildcben oder Taillenlatz oder beide grob und sebr tief puuktirt. Vorder-
kopf punktirt und bebaart. Kinu auf der Mitte mit Liingskiel.

Philippinen, Sumatra, Borneo, Pedang. Gomacupes Kauji.

2. Gruite : PASSALINAE.

1 (la). Obue Stirnleisten.

2 (2a). Fltigcldecken au der Nabt nicbt uiit eiuauder verwacbsen.

3 (3a). Taillenlatz an den Seiteu uupunktirt und unbobaart, glatt.

4 (4a). Ko]ifborn zuerst mebr oder weniger senkrecbt, dann uacb vorne
ilbergelegt, an der Wurzel uicbt balbkuglig.

Amerika (? Centralafrika). Passalus F. (Taf V., tig. (i).

4a. Ko]ifboru balbkuglig, entsendet nacb vorne eiue borizontale Zunge.

Centralamerika, Mexico. Rimor Kaup (Taf. V., fig. 7).

3a. Taillenlatz an den Seiten i)unktirt und bebaart.

Mexico. liimoricus Kuw. {Rimor Kaup pars).

2a. Fhigeldecken an der Nabt verwacbsen. Halsscbild gross.

Mexico. Oileus \\m\\i.

la. Mit Stirnleisten.

5 (5a). Mit langer Stirn und tiefer Furche des Cl.vpeusraudes.

6 (6a). Ch'peus auf der Mitte obne nacli vorue vorspringendcn Zuhn. Kopf-
born nicbt ganz auf die Stirue berabgedriickt.

Centralamerika, Mexico. J'lis.^dlofai/i/ufi Kuw.

(5a. C'l\j)ens auf der iMittu mit uacb vorne vorspringendcm Zabne.

Udontotaenius Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. (S).

( aal )

5f<,. Mit kui'zer Stirii nnd meist auf diese liei-abgedmcktem Ivoi)t'liorii. Die

Furche liinter dem schiualeu (Uypeusraude oft flach imd schmal. Petrty'iis
iihnlich.

Costarica. Petrejo'ides Kuw.

3. Geuppe: PUOCULEJINAE.

1 (1"). C'ly{)L'usraudmig dnrch starke Wulstuug entstaiiden. Selmlterecken
iiubebaart.

Mexico. Oyi/yt's Kaup (Taf. V., fig. 0).

la. Clypeus mit sicherer Eandfurclie.

3 (2a). Scliiiltevecken unbehaart.

Gnateiuala. Proenlejo'ides Kuw. (P/vctdejus Kaup pars).

2n. Scbiiltereckeu behaart uiid j)unktirt.

Mexico, Guatemala. Proculrjas Kuup (Taf. V., fig. lo).

4. GluriM'E : POPILIINAE.

1 (Ir;). Clypeasrand immer deutlicb abgesetzt, oft als breites, vorne messer-
scbarfes Baud erscbeiueud. Immer obiie dichte Kornuug des Stirufeldos biuter
dem Clypeus.

2 (2a). Die Stirnleisteu eatspriageu nicbt aus einer vom Kopt'lioru sicb lierabsea-
kendeu Leiste, sonderu vou ibm selbst oder dicht vor ihm obne leisteuartigeu Stiel.

Central uud nordlicbes SUdamerika. Soranus Kaup (Taf. V., tig. 11).

2a. Die Stiruleisten eutspringeu von einer einfachen oder doppelten Leiste, die
sicb vorne vom Kopf born berabsenkt, aber reicben mit ibreu Schenkelu niemals bis
an den Fuss oder an die Spitze des Kopfhorues.

Centralamerika, Nordbrasilien. Po//ilius Kaup (Taf. V., fig. 12).

la. Clypeusraud als breites gliiuzeudes Baud erscbeiueud, biuter wclcbem das
Stirnfeld dicht gekornt ist, obne von diesem durcb deutliche Furcbe getreunt zu
sein.

Centralamerika. Chondi'ocephaliis Kuw.

5. Geuppe: SERTORIINAE.

Nur ein Genus, obne Taillennarben.

St. Salvador, Centralamerika. Sertorins Kauji (Taf V., tig. 13).

6. Guuppe: UNDULIFERINAE.

Nur eiu Genus. Metasteraum punktirt uud behaart, liierdurch alleiu schou
keuntlicb.

St. Salvador, Mexico. Undtdifer Kaup (Taf V., tig. 14).

7. Giu PPR : SPURIINAE.

Nur zwei Genera, dun-h das febleude Kopfliurn der Mitto alleiu sclion
kenutlich.

(222)

1 (la). Kiifer stark gewolbt, einera SynodendroH ahiilicli. Die NebeuLockei' zu
Kopflioniern entwickelt, laug. Der Clypeus au jeder Seite etwas vorgezogeii, mit
starker Randfnrche.

Cliiua. C>/lindrocaulm Fairm.

la. Kafcr flacber. Die Nebeubucker iiiir Iviiotchen. Die Randfurcbe des
Clypeus flai;b, durcb Verstiirkung des Randes gebiklet.

Mexico. • Spurius Kaup.

8. Gruppe: PSEUDACANTHINAE.

1 {\n). Mit Stiriileisteu and ziemlicb langem Stirufeld. Clypeusfurcbe tief.
Seiteu der Flugeldeckeii nubeUaart.

Mexico, Guatemala. Pseudacanthus Kaup.

\n. Obne Stiriileisteu, mit kiir/.erm Stirnfdde, Binucuzahne des Clj'peus selir
weit auseinauderstehend, zwischeu iliiieu eiuc feiiie Furcbe gaiiz nabe dem t'lypeus-
raude. Kopfboru laug, uiedergedriickt, i'rei.

2 (2a). Mit Bebaaruug der Seiteurippeu der Fliigeldeckea.
(^entralamerika. Er/o/jterus Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 15).
2a. Ohue Bebaaruug der Seitenrippen der Flugeldeckeu.
Ceutralamerika. Triaenu7-gus Bates.

9. Gruppe: ERIONOMINAE.

1 Clffi). Taille an den Seiten bebaart. Stirn stark laugsrunzlig ; Prosternalkiel
liehaart. Sterualplatte obue scbarf Begrenznug.

2 (2a). Clypeus zwisebeu deu selteu etwas vorgescbobenen Stirnleisten nicbt oder
kaum zweizabnig.

C'eutralafrika, Gabun. Erionoinus Kaup (Tal'. V'., fig. lU).

2a. CJlypeus zwiscbeu deu Stiruleisteu stark zweizabnig, audi die Stiruleisten
selbst zabuartig vorgezogen.

Centralafrika. Subgeu. Eriosternus Kuw.

la. Taille anf der Mitte punktirt, seitlicb stark bebaart. Metasternum au deu
Hinterecken obue Puukte. (Das Genus ist mir fremd gebliebeu uud fallt vielleicbt
mit eiuem der vorigeu zusammen. AUes uach Kaup).

Ceutralafrika. Pletirosti/lus Kaup.

in. (iiaii.K: RHODACANTHOPINAE.

Vou deu Neleidiueu durcb die starke Bedoruuug der Blittelscbieucu getrouut.
(Nur cin Genus ; das eventuell aucb zur nacbsteu Gruppe zu zieben ware).
Gentralamerika. Rhodacanthopus Kau]i (Taf. V., fig. 17).

11. (iitiPPE: NELIDINAE.

1 (la). Scbulterecken der Fliigeldccken mit starker lliiar.iuaste : ilire Seiteu-
furcben mit breiter Stiibclieubilduug. Kniitcbeu weit vou deu Clypensvorspriiugen.
Amazonengebiet. Ndciwps Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 18).

la. Scbulterecken der Flugeldeckeu obue starke liaaniuaste.

( 223 )

2 (ia). Mitpunktirteiu uiul in t'risi'hem Ziistande beliaartem Umschlagraud (Epi-
pleureu) dor Flligeldeckeii, wenigstens auf der vordere Liiugshalfte.

Ceutralamerika, Columbia. Trichoplewus Kuw.

2a. Epipleuren imiuer nubehaart.

3 (3«). Kopfleisten kammartig hoch, vor uud zu deu Seiten des uiedrigeii Kopf-
hornes vorragend.

Columbia. Lophocephalm Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 10).

3a. Kopfleisten niemals holier, als die Kopfboruspitze.

4 (4a). Halsschild iu gewohnlicher Grosse.

5 (5rt). Flugcldeckeii iu den Seitenfurchea uur punktirt. Knritobeu immer
unweit der Clypeusvor.sjirlinge.

Ceutralamerika, Brasilieu. Nelcules KaHji.

5a. Fliigeldecken mit deutlicber Stabcbonbildung iu ilen Schulter- odor Seitcu-
furcben Knotcbeu immer bart an den Clypeusvonsprlingen.

Ceutralamerika. Subgen. ApoiteliJes Kuw.

4a. Halsscbild sebr klein. Hiuterleib lang.

Columbia. fSubgeu. Microthonu- Kuw.

12. Grui'pe : PERTINACINAE.

1 (la). Kopfborn uud Nebeubocker zu einem conischen Htigel verscbmolzeu.
Kleiuere Formeu mit glattem Kopfe.

Bra.silieu. Pampertinax Kuw.

la. Kopfborn und Nebenbocker niemals zu einem Hiigel verscbmolzen.

2 (2a.). Kopfborn uiclit kuollenartig.

3.(3«). Entvveder der Vorderraud der Brlicke zwiscbeu Angeuwand uud Clypeus-
vorsprnug mit Leiste oder hober Kante verseben, oder, wenn dies nicbt deutlicb der
Fall ist, die matte Andentung der Taillennarbe feblend, oder beides ist der Fall.
Stirnleisten immer bei i bis f ihrer Lauge das Knotcbeu tragend, oft mit ibm
cndigend. Unterer Halsscbildseitenrand scbwacber bebaart.

Ceutralamerika, Peru, Brasilieu. Morosophus Kuw. (Taf V., fig. 20).

3a. Briicke zwiscbeu Augenwaud nnd Clypeusvorsprung flacb, nicht aufstebend
gekantet. Tailleunarben obne matte, verdunkelte Andentung.

4 (4a). Kiifer mit dicbter, vorstehender Haarbiirsteam uutern Halsschildseiten-
rande. Fliigeldecken nicbt verwacbsen.

Centra] uud 8iidamerika. Pertinnx Kaup.

4a. Kafer obne dicbte, vorstebende Haarbtirste auf dem untere Halsscbildseitcn-
rande. Fliigeldecken verwacbsen. Stirne uud Clypeus mit Langsrinue.

Mexico, Peru. Piwoclit/fs Bates (Taf. V., fig. 21).

2a. Kopfborn kuollenartig, etwa iu Form eines obeu zugerundeten Sauleu-
fragments oder eiucr Warze, immer weit uacb binten gelegen. Xebeubiicker klein.

o (oa). Die Stirnleisten, vom Fusse des Kopfborus entspringend, umscbliesseu
ein grosses, ebenes Slirnf'eld.

Brasilieu, Columbia. Maidius Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 22).

5a. Die Stirnleisten balbkreisfdrmig, boob, weit vor dem Kopfborn gelegen,
umscbliesseu ein kleines, vertieftes Stirnfeld. Das Kojifboru als eingesenkte
Warze erscbeiuend.

Ceutralamerika. Severus Kuw. (Taf V., fig. 23).

( 224 )

"13. GituppE : PLEUUARIINAE.

1 (la). Uiiterlippe(Kinn) rauli, grubig, ohne Narbeu, auf der Mitte des Vorder-
raiides etwas eiiigcbogeu. Iiinore Augeuwaud auf dor Mitte mit cinem Zahncheu.
(Nach Kaup, mir I'reiud).

Ostindien. I'letirariug Kanj).

Irt. Unterlippe (Kinn) immer ruit Xaibeu, auf der Vordc-rraudsmitte iiunsteiis
etwas vorgezogeu und hiJcbstens auf dem Vorsprung etwas eingebogen.

"2 (2a). Flugeldeclicu mit Haaniuiisteu auf deu Selndterecken. Grosse Kiifcr.

3 (3a). Clypeus uud Stiru nuizlig. Heclitc Stiruleiste uueben.

Autillen. Ninoides Kuw.

3«. Clypeui* sebi- ditbt puuktirt. Mit Taillennarbeu.

AntiUeu, Brasilien. Pcrtinackles Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 24).

'id. Flugcldecken obue Haan|uaste. Obue Tailleuuai'beu.

Cuba. Epipertiiiax Kaiw.

14. GiaiTE : PTICHOPINAE.

Nur eiu Geuus. Thiere au den maageludeu Leisten der Vordertibieuuuterseite
sofort keimtlicb.

Mexico. Ptickopus Kaup (Taf. V., fig. 25).

l.-j. Giui'1-e: VETUmiNAE.

1 (1")- Fliigeldeckeu verwacbscu, obue Bebaaruug.

Columbia. Publitm Kuuj).

Iff. Flugeldeckeu iiicbt veiwaebseu.

2 (2«). Oberlijipe vorne gerade oder weuig ausgescbuittuu. C].ypeus nicbt steil.
souderu fiacb auf dieselbe gelegt, au ihreu Seiteu meist vorgezogeu. Taillenlatz obue
Narbeu. Nebeubbcker fast immer unbedentend oder febleud. Zahlreicb an Arten.

Mittel- uud 8iidamerika. Krf«r/««.Kaup (Taf. V., fig. 20).

2a. Oberli])]ie iiumer tiefer ausgeschnitien, oder eiugelierbt ; C'lypeus z war scbarf,
aber weniger steil auf dieselbe falleud, an ihrem Seitenraude eckig vorgezogeu oder
mit einem auf die Oberlippe driickenden Zabne.

3 (3«). Nebeubocker iu gleicber Hobe mit dem Kojifborii, mit iiim zusammcu
eiuen bobeu Wulst bildeud. Oberlippe geruudet oder eckig ausgescliuitten.

Mittel- uud Siidamerika. V,rres Kaup (Taf. V., fig. 27).

3a. Nebeubocker scbwach, wie bei Veturius, oder febleud. Oberlippe durcli
eiuen sebr tiefeu Ausscbuitf zweilappig.

Brasilien. Verrokles Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 28).

Hi. Ghuppe: PROCULINAE.

1 (la). Seiteulai)peu der Unterlijijie obue Auftreibung.

Guatemala, (.'entralanurika. Proctdus Kaup (Taf. \'., tig. 29).

la. 8eiteulappeu mit beuleuartiger, grosser Auftreiliuiig.

Guatemala, Honduras, Columbia. Cyphoproculus Kuw. (Tuf. V., fig. 30).

( 225 )

17. Geuppe: PAXILLINAE. •

1 (I'?). Kafer selir Hacli. Clypeus gerade, in der Mitt(^ niolit oder kanm aiisge-
schnitten. Schnltereckeu der Flugeldeckou dicht punktirt uiul behaarf.

2 (2«)- Mit 5 Flaggenlappen der Fllhlev.

3 (3ff). Die Stirnleisteu setzen sich als Dome tiher den Clypeui5raud fort mid
fallen keineswegs dicht hiuter diesem steil ab. Brlicke zwischen Angenwaud und
Stirnleisteu breiter.

Mittel- und SUdamerika. Pa.riUns Kanp (Taf V., fig. 31).

Sf/. Stirnleisten, am Clypensrande steil abfallend, rageii niclit tiber denselben
liinaus. Binicke zwischen Angenwand nnd Stirnlciste schmalev.

Siidamerika. Snbgeu. Pcu-iUoules Kuw. (Taf. V., fig. 32j.

2a. Mit 4 liingern, 2 sehr knrzen Flaggenlappen. Paxilloides ahnelnd.

Siidamerika. Subgen. Paxillosomus Kuw. (Taf. VI., fig. 33).

1(^ Kfifer etwas gewolbter. Stirnleistenknotcheu nicht mit dem Clypeus ver-
bunden. Schulterecken unbebaart.

Brasilieu. Spabalus Kauji.

18. GKrppE: MACROLIIXAE.

1 (1«)- Stiriileistenknotcbeu uicht durcli eine Leiste verbunden.
Ostindien, Australien. Macroliiuis Kaup (Taf VI., fig. 34).

Irt. Stirnleistenknotcheu durch eine Leiste hinter dem ('lypeusausschnitt mit
eiuander verbunden.

2 (2a). Kopthorn nicht fiach gedruckt, nicht durch eine Fiirche von den Xebeu-
hockern getrennt. Kafer gewolbter.

Ostindien, Stidafrika. Tihcrius Kuw. (Taf VI., fig. 35).

2ff. Das flache Kopfhorn durch eine Furche von den Nebeuhockern getrennt.
Kafer flacher.

Australien. Episphcnus Kaup (Taf VI., fig. 3(>j.

19. Gruppe : PHORONAEINAE.

1 {III). Fiiblerflagge dreilappig.

2 (2"). Stirnleisteu etwain halber Liinge zwischen Kopfhorn und Aussenzahnon
des Clypeus mit oder ohne Knotchen endigeud. Schnlterecken der Fliigeldecken
ohne Haarquaste.

3 (3rt). Stirn ohne thoilenden Langskiel.

4 (4«). Kopfhorus[)it/.e immer unfrei. Mittel- und Hinterschienen mit
mehrfacher starker Dornbildung. Im Stirnwiukel eine Warze.

Centralamerika. Poli/acuntkopus Kuw. (Taf. VI., fig. 37).

4a. Kopfhornspitze meist mehr oder wcniger frci. Im Stirnwinkel ohne Warze.
Ohne wesentliche stark Dornbildung an den Schienen.

Centralamerika, Brasilien. Plioronucus Kaup (Taf. VI., fig. :\s).

3a. Stirn mit theilendem Liingskiel. Clypeus vorne mit deutlichem Wulst
gerandet.

(Centralamerika. Valcriu.f Kuw. (Taf. VI., fig. 39).

2«. Stirnleisten entwcdcr in die iiussern ClypetlsvorspriiMgo Ubergeheud oder
vor denselben als Knotchen endigend. Ki)[ifhorii meist ohne frcie Spitze.

( 226 )

(Off). Hinter dem Ansschnitt des Clypeiis luit coucaver Laugsrinne auf
der Mitte.

Brasilicn. P/wronarosomu.s Knw. (Taf. VI., fig. 4o).

6n. Oline Langsrinue anf der Mitte des Clypens.

6 (6^). Stirnleisteu gernudet bogeutormig zii den Cl.vi)eusvorsprungen zieheiid,
diclit vor diesen irn Kiiiitclieu endigeiul. 8chultereckeQ mit Haarqaaste.

Ciiraccas. Toxeutotaenim Knw. (Taf. VI., fig. 41).

6rt. Stirnleisteu rechtwiuklig oder geradlinig anseiiiandergehend, mit dem
KuotcLen dicht vor den Clypensvorspriiagon endend. Sclinltereeken ohne Ihuir-
(juaste. Stirn oft querruuzlig.

Centralamerika, Brasilieu. Epiphanuii Kaup (Taf. VI., fig. 42).

Iff. Audi das viertletzte oder viert- nnd fiinftletzte Fiililerglied zur hallieu oder
gaiizen Lappenliiuge verlaagert. Kopfhorn obeu iu seiner ganzen Liinge scharf-
kielig.

Gnyana. Amazonengebiet. Ti'tmrac(h Kinv. (Taf VI., tig. 4:i).

20. GmiM-K: PETHE.JINAE.

1 (Iff). Dassehrlange Kojjfliorn ist bis zum Verlassen des C'lypeusvorderrandes
nufreinmd ragt mir mit freier Spitze liber diesen hinaus, weleher dadurch dreizahni"
erscheint.

Pern (ChinchaswUlder). Cassius Kuw. (Taf VI., fig. 44).

Iff. Das lange nach vorne gericlitete Ko{)fhorn ist frei. Clypens mit 2
Binnenzahnen, welche .selir uahe aneinander steheu, oder ohne Binneuziihne.

2 (2a). Das lange, freie Kopfhorn ist an der Spitze gespalten nnd Uber den
(,'lypens hinansreichend. Dieser mit 2 feiuen Ziihnchen anf der Mitte. (Nach Kaup.
Mir fremd).

Guyana. Rhagonocerus Kaup.

2a. Das lange Kopfhorn mit uugespaltener Spitze.

3 (3a). TaUlenlatz an den Seiten punktirt und behaart.

4 (4«). Kopfhorn rund, ohne Furche. Clypens mit 2 Ziilinen. Neleus-artige
Thieve.

Brasilien, Gnadaloupe. Lucilius Kanp (Taf VI., fig. 45).

4ff. Kopfhorn mit Furche. Clypens ohneoder mit undeutlichen Binnenzahnen.
Guyana, Ecuador, Columbia. Si/negiti» Kuw. (Taf VI., fig. 4C).

3a. Taillenlatz unpunktirt und unbehaart.

5 (Oft). Kopfhorn gefurclit, wagerecht, voruc mit herabgedriickt vortretender
S])itze unter den znriickbleibenden Seitenleisten der RUckenfurche ; dadurch fast
dreizahnig erscheineud. Schulterecken mit Haarquaste.

(Centralamerika. Thryptocerm Knw. (Taf VI., fig. 47).

;V/. Kopfhorn uur niedergebogen. Clypens mit oder oline Binnenziihne. Schul-
terecken mit oder ohne Haarquaste.

Centralamerika, Brasilien. Tetrejus Ivaiqi (Taf. VI., fig. 48).

21. Gruppe: VATINIIXAE.

1 (la). Kopfhorn plump, vorne frei. Schulterecken immer iiehaart.
Brasilien, Columbia. Vatinius Kauji.

Iff. Kojjfhorn klcin, ganz unfrei. Schulterecken unbchanrt.
Brasilien. Vhanocks Kuw. (Taf. VI., fig. 4'.)).

( 227 )

22. Ghui-pe : VINDIOINAE.
Nnr ein Geuns.
Madagascar, Bagamoyo. Vindex Kaup (T;it'. VI., fig. .")ii).

23. Ghuppe : NELEINAE.

1 (la). Immer mit Episternen (Seitenfnrchen) des Metastevnums.

2 (2a). Schnlterecken der Fliigeldeckeii ohne Haarbnseli.

(Mexico ? Brasilien ?). Oeiieus Knw. fTaf. VI., fig. 51).

2a. Immer mit Haarbnseli der Schnlterecken an den Fliigeldecken.

3 (3a). Kopf born fast oder ganz nnfrei.

4 (4a). Stinileisten /Jemlicb recUtwinklig gegen einander gestellt, geradlinig auf
die ClypensJi)rne ziebend. Stiru tlacher. Taillenlatz nnjjunktirt, nnbebaart.

Mittel- nnd Stidamerika. Niniis Kanji (Taf. VI., fig. 52).

4a. Stirnwinkel im stnmpfen Winkel, gesehwnngen oder gebogen anseiuander-
gehend. Stirne steiler abfallend.

5 (5a). Taillenlatz oline Punktirnug niid Beliaarung an den Seiten.
Tropiscbes Amerika. Xdci<>i Kaup.
5a. Taillenlatz an den Seiten puaktirt nnd bebaart.

Tropiscbes Amerika. Siibgen. Pti/chotrickus Knw. (Taf. VI., fig. 53).

3a. Kopfhoru hiug, mit weit freier Spitze.

Tropiscbes Amerika. Subgen. Flacius Knw.

la. Metasternnm ohne Episterualfnrcbeu zunilchst der Fliigeldecken. Schnl-
terecken der Fliigeldecken fast ohne Haarbusch.

Sudafrika. Calidas Knw. (Taf. VI., fig. 54).

24. Gkuppe : SEMICYCLINAE.
Nnr ein Genus.

Madagascar, AfrUja centr. Semici/clus Kanp (Taf. VI., fig. 55).

25. Gruppe : TARQUINIINAE.
Xur ein Genus.

Nen Guinea. Tai-quiniiis Knw. (Taf. VI., fig. 56).

2fi. (iBUPPE : GICERONIINAE.
Nnr eiu Genus.
Madagascar, Bagamoyo. Ciceroniiis Kauji. (Taf. VI.. lig. 57).'

27. GiiUPPK : SOLENOCYCLINAE.
Nnr ein Genns.
Madagascar. Solenocydus Kaup (Taf VI., fig. 58).

28. Gruppe: FLAMINIINAE.
Nnr eiu Genus.
Madagascar. Flaminius Knw. (Taf. VI., fig. 5'J)

( 228 )

29. Gkuppe : LEPTAULACINAE.

1 (la). Mit beliaartcn Seitenrippen der Flilgcldecken und bisweilen liehaarter
Hal^;s(•hildnal•be. Mittclzaliu des Clypeiis scbwach, oft fehloiid nnd nur dnrcli die
Langskieluug dc-s Clypens angedeutet.

Ostindien, Philipinnen. Trichostigmun Kaup (Taf. \'I., tig. W).

\a. Mit uubehaarten Seiteurippen der Flligeldeckeu.

2 (2a). Zwischeu deu Biiineudornen der Hand des Clypens nur uni-fgelmiisHiii
qekerbt, enfweder oline dentliclieu Zahn zu bilden, mit Liiiigskiel auf der Mitte,
odei" mit Zahn.

Mexico, Brasilien. Stephanocephalns Kaup (Taf. VI., fig. 61).

2a. Zwischeu den Binnendornen immer eiu dentlichen Zahn, oder es ist die
Mittellinie des Clypens gekielt.

?, (3a). Clypeus funfzahnig.

Indo-Australien. Leptaulax Kaup..

3ff. Clypeus dreizahnig. Die Aussenzahne werden dnrch die vortretende Augen-
wand gebildet. Der Mittelzahu stark, ohne Kiel hinter demselben.

Mexico, Columbia. Eumelus Kaup.

30. Gruppe: MITROKHINAE.

1 (la). Mit 3 Flaggenlappen.

2 (2a). Niemals ist zwischeu den Binuen- nnd Aussenzahnen uoch eiu Zahuchen
vorhanden. Die innere Angenwandleiste bildet aber einen Zahu nach vorne, so dass
dev Clypens ansser dem Mittelzahiie immer 4 Ziihue besitzt.

3 (3a). Immer eiu dentlicher, nieht dnrch einen Einschnitt gespaltcner Mittelzahu

vorhanden.

4 (4a). Die Zahne vor der Angenwandleiste gleichlaug mit deu Binnenziihnen.

Zunge vorne gerade.

Amerika centr. Mitrorhinu.'^ Kauj).

4a. Die Ziihne der Augenwaudleiste treten gegen die Binneuziihne znriick, d. h.
stehen weiter nach hinten. Zunge vorne ausgerandet.

Afrika, Madagascar. Eumelosomus Kuw.

3a. Der Mittelzahu immer dnrch einen kleinen Einschnitt gespalten, oder 2
kleiue Zahuchen zu den Seiten eines winzigen Ansschuittes daselbst.

5 {^(t). Clypens nnd Kopffliichen tragen Punkte. Episternalfurchen uupuuktirt,
unbeliaart. Die Metasterualplattc tritt scharfkautig gegen die Achselhohle der

Mittelhiiften.

ji^friJia. Didimus Kaup (Taf. VI., fig. 02).

5a. Clypeus nnd Kopffiachen liingsrunzlig oder matt. Episternalfurchen flach
pnnktirt nnd sehwacli behaart. Die Metasterualidatte wdlbt sich nncli deu
Aclisclliohlen der Mittelhuften mehr oder weniger al).

Kameruu. />/'/i/,io„/cs Kuw.

2a. Clypeus ansser dem Mittidzahne nucii mit Ziihuen, indem sich cinwiirts
von dem Angenwandzahne noch jeseitig ein stnmpfes Zahuchen am Clypeus findet.

Madagascar. Vitellinii.i Kuw. (T;if. VI., fig. 63).

la. Mit 4 bis .") Flaggenlappen.

(6a). Der immer vorhandene Mittelzahu immer getheilt oder ges])alten.
(,'lypens vier bis sechsziiliuig.

Mittelafrika, Kamernn. Pentalo/m.y Kaup (Taf. VI., fig. 64).

( 229 )

(Jrt. Olme Mittelzahn. Clypens vierziilinii;-, auf dor Mitte gerade, olme
Eiaschnitt.

Mittelafrika. Snbgen. Epeus Knw.

31. GnriTE: GONATINAE.

1 (la). Unterlippe luit kleiuem, Omegaformigem Eindruck, mit ul ),i;enindct,eu
Hintereckeu des Eindrncks.

Amboina, Ceram, Neu Guiuea, Aru. Omc(/a/-/us Knw. (Taf. VI., tig. 05).

1 (la). Eindrnck der Unterlippe anders geformt.

2 (2a). Uuterlippe mit dem Eiudnick ciiies scliarfkantigeu, latcinischon, grossen
W. Der linke Oberkiefer liinger, als dei- reckte.

Nea Guinea, Neuholland, Arn, Ceram. Oonatas Kaup (Taf. VI., fig. 66).

2a. Unterlippe mit lialbmondfOrmigem Eindruck.

Arn. Tatius Knw. (Taf. VIL, tig. (!T).

32. Gruppe: VELLEJINAE.

1 (Iffi). Linker Clypeusvorsprnng breit abgeschnitten, wcnig klirzer als der breit
zngespitzte rechte. Flagge mit 4 langen La])pen. Halsschildnarbe behaart.
Grosse Thiere.

Arn, Nen Guinea. Lahienu.^ Kaup (Taf. VIL, fig. (39).

\a. Beide Clypousvorsprtiuge ziemlieh zugespitzt, der linke breiter, als der
rechte. Halsschildnarbe nnbehaart, sein Seitenrand uuten rait Biirste. Flagge
fiinf- bis sechsla23pig.

Neu Guinea, Philippinen, Salomons Inselu. Vellcjus Kaup (T,-if. VIL, fig. 68).

33. Gruppe : PELOPINAE.

1 (la). Der linke Cly2)eusvorsprung viel liinger als der rechte. Von dem
Knotchen der linken Stirnleiste eine Leiste ziemlieh gegen die Jlitte der innern
Angenwand ; davor die (Trube.

Aru, Neu Guinea. Pelop.i Kaup (Taf. VIL, fig. TO).

la. Der linke GlypeusvorsiJrung nur breiter als der rechte, uicht oder weuig
liinger. Wenn eine znr innern Angenwand von den Knotchen aus ziehende Leiste
vorhanden, so zieht sie nach dem Vorderraude der Angenwand.

Mindanao. Snbgen. Pdopldes Knw. (Taf. VIL, fig. 71).

34. Gruppe : ERI0(3NEMINAE.

1 (la). Die beiden Clypeusvorsprlinge .sind ungleich. Der linke Oberkiefer
liinger als der rechte.

2 (2a). Der rechte Clypeusvorsprnng aus einom Convdlut von 3 oder 4 Ziiliuen,
welche znm Theil ubor eiuander liegea, bestehend. Oberlijipe vorno tief an.sgerandet,
meist mit Ziihnchen auf der Vordcrrandsmitte. Mit Grube zwisclien linkem
Clypeusvorsprnng und Angenwand.

Borneo, Sumatra, Java. Eriocnemi.'i Kaup (Taf. VIL, fig. 72).

2a. Der rechte Clypenslaiipen als abgestutzter Lappen niclit oder wenig liinger,
als der linke. Knotchen der Stirnleisteu sich zu Dornchen erhebend. Halsschild-
narbe meist behaart.

Neuholland, Macassar. I'lest/innu.-i Kau]) (Taf. \'IL, fig. 73).

Hi

( 230 )

1«. Beide Clypensvorsprunge ans einem Conglomerat von je c. 4 Ziihnen beste-
hend. Oberlippe mit einem Zaliue anf der Mitte. Beide Oberkiefer gleiehlaug.
Sumatra. Phraortes Kuw. (Taf. YIL, fig. 74).

35. (iRiTPE : AURELIINAE.

Nnr ein Genns, dnrch das Lippenscliild uml die seclislaiipige Flagge von
Veturius geschiedeu.

Nen Gniuea. Aurelius Kuw. (Taf. VII., fig. 75).

36. GuLi-PK : PHAHOCHILIXAE.

1 (U()- Ein qnerfurchenartiger, anf der Mitte meist nnterbrochener Eindruck
hinter der Vorderrandsmitte der Unterlippe vorbandeu.

Ncnbollaud. Episphnio'tdes Kuw. (Taf. VII., fig. 76).

la.. Ein balbmondfdrmiges, durcb eine Furche begrenztes Lippeuscbild vor-
handen.

2 (2«)- Schnltereckeu der Fliigeldeckeu unbebaart.

3 (3a). Linker Clypeusvorsprnng viel starker entwickelt als der recbte (iihulicb
den Acerajusarten). Unterlippe mit Narben.

Australasieu. Cetou'* Kaup (Taf. VII., fig. 77).

3a. Beide Clypeusvorspriinge fast oder gauz gleicbmassig, nicbt besouders stark
vorgezogeu. Clypeus vorne geruudet ausgescbuitteu.

Neuhollaud. Pharockilus Bu«tt. (Taf. VII., fig. 78).

. 2a. Schnltereckeu der Fhigeldecken auf starker, dicbter Puuktirung uiit Haar-
quaste. Clypensvorspriiuge sebr nugleicb.

Nias, Borneo. Ueterochilus Kuw. (Taf. VII., fig. 79).

37. Gruite : LACHINAE.

1 {\(i). Flacber, wie Pkarochilas, mit 6 Flaggeulappen. Unterlippe etwas lauger.
Neuliolland. Masto^-I^s Kaup (Taf. VII., fig. ^0).

lo. Gewiilbter. Kiun sebr kurz.

2 {2(i). Lippeuscbild als ein vertieftliegendes Korncben zwiscben der Unterlippe
uiiil der Zungc! erscbeincnd.

Indo-Australien. Analaches Kuw. (Taf. VII., fig. 81).

2a. Lippenscbild nicbt vertiefl.

3 (3a). Lippenscbild anf einer liandung des Lipp.;nvoi-Jcrandes stohend.
Indo-Anstralien. ^Epilaches Kuw. (Taf. VII., fig. 82).

3«. Lippenscbild niclit auf solcher Handnng stehend, isolirt, inuerbalb dea
Kiuns von einer Furcbe umgeben.

Indo-Australien. Lachen Kaup (Taf. VII., fig. S3).

38. Guuite: ACKKAJIXAE.

1 . Scbulterecken der Fliigeldeckeu nicbt mit Haarquaste besetzt.
Ostindieu, Borneo, Java. Basiliumis Kaup (Taf. VII., fig. 84).

2. Schnltereckeu der Fhigeldecken dicht pnnktirt und mit Haarquaste.
Ostindieu. Acerajus Kaup (Taf. VII., fig. 85).

(ForUetzvny folgl).

( ^31 )

A NEW FOEM OF SWIFT FROM MADAaASCAR.
Bv KRN.ST IIARTKKT.

THE Rev. James Wills sent to the Tring .Museum, together with some other birds
(among them a specimen of the rather rare Cttprimulgus enurmtits Gray),
a skin of a swift which I cannot refer to any known form. It is a form of Micropus
melba, or rather of its subspecies M. inelha africunus, but very much smaller.
It is of the usual dark sooty blackish brown above, on the under wing-coverts, anal
region and under tail-coverts, across the jugulum, and along the sides of the body and
sides of head ; forehead a little paler ; chin, throat, and middle of breast and abdomen
white ; flank-feathers with whil ish edges. The wlnte on breast and abdomen much
more restricted than in M. inelha, and also the white on the throat not reaching so
far towards the sides as in M. melhct. Total length about 175 mm. ; wing 190 ; tail 70 ;
tarsus 14; culmen 10.
I name this form

Micropus willsi .sp. no\-.,

in honour of its discoverer. The single specimen was olitained at East Imeriua,
in Eastern Madagascar, on February 1st, 1S9(>. Its se.K has not been ascertained.

SOME UNDESCRIBED LEPIDOPTERA.
By the IIOX. WALTER ROTHSCHILD.

PAPILKJNIDAE.
1. Papilio cauopus sumbanus Eothsch. subsp. nov.

Comes close to ulorensis Rothsch., Nov. ZoOL. I. p. t)86 (1894), and II. t. \TI1.
f. 4 (189.5), but differs as follows :—

Paler brown. Forewing with three creamy white (<?) or white (?) patches in
apical region between upper discoidal and third subcostal veins ; the two first patches
have a length of about 6 mm., while the third is much smaller ; at anal angle two or
three small spots ; no spots between median nervules.

Hindwing with the discal band very narrow, the spots composing it being scarcely
more than 1 mm. broad, or almost entirely obliterated; .submarginal spots absent or
showing through from the underside.

Underside paler than upperside. Forewing as above. Hindwing with suli-
marginal lunules distinct ; discal macular band as above, or faintly In-oader.

Hab. Patadala, Sumba ; 1 cf, 1 ?.

SPHINGIDAE.
2. Ceplianodes unicolor Rothsch. sp. nov.

Similar to H. shnplex Rothsch., but differs in the uniform apple-green of the
head, thorax, and abdomen. Anal tuft apple-green, witli orange and black margins.

Underside : palpi white ; thorax and legs buffy yellow ; abdomen brownish buff;
anal tuft black and orange.

Ihd). Coonioobiolaroo, near Duarinsja, N. (^'ueenslaiid (I'aniard /('.'/.): 2 (?. 1 ?.

• ( 232 )

COSSIDAE.
o. Xyleutes boisduvali Kothsch. sp. nov.
This insect is found in collections under a manuscript name of Boisduval's, but
has never been described.

Fm-eiuings : uniform silvery grey, densely powdered with browTiish scales, giving
it an ash-grey tinge. On the disc of the wing and between the median nervules are
some ill-defined dark brown blotches, varying much in size and shape in individual
specimens.

Hindioings : co.stal margin whitish silvery grey; rest of wing black-brown,
powdered with grey between the submedian and first median nervures.

Head, shoulders, and thorax silver-grey; centre of thorax black, powdered slightly
with grey ; first segment and anal segment of abdomen whitish grey ; rest of abdomen
black, each segment bordered with greyish white.

Underside: all four wings blackish brown, powdered with grey and broadly
bordered all round with grey. Coxae, thorax, head, and abdomen greyish wliite ; legs
banded grey and black.

Expanse : S forewing AM ()8 mm. ; EM 28 mm. ; PM oO mm.
? ., „ 85 „ ; „ 37 „ ; „ .59 „

S liin.bving „ 47 „ ; „ 40 „ ; „ 22 „
? „ „ 59 „ ; „ 51 „ ; „ 32 „

Hab. Burdekin River, Queensland; 5 c?, 6 ?.

4. Xyleutes magnifica Rothsch. sp. nov.
Forevjings: uniform pale grey in the ? , one of my two specimens sliowing some
indistinct dark patches between the median nervules ; in my two 6 i these spots are
distinct.

Hindwings : costal margin wliito; rest of wings chestnut-red.
Head and thorax gi-ey ; abdomen of ? chestnut-red, with anal segment grey ; in
S chestnut-red, with dorsal stripe and two last segments grey.

Expanse : S forewing AM 64 mm. ; EM 21 mm. ; TM 38 mm.

? ..

101

Jf ? 5)

43 „

70

„ S hindwiiig ,,

3G

V •

27 .,

i ■!

18

? ,. ' „

70

,f ; -1

r>.5 „

) 1)

30

Pn-isbane district, Queen>l

land ;

2 c?,2 ¥.

Hah.

5. Xyleutes pulchra Rothsch. sp. nov.
Female. — Fcyrevnngs ; pale grey, spotted with black dots along costa and outer
margin ; from apex to the second median nervule there is an oblique black streak.
On the disc is a group of six large black jialches. Between the submedian vein and
the inner margin the foi-ewings are clouded with black.

Hindwings : blackish grey ; fringe white, with black dots at apices of veins.
Head, middle of thorax, and upperside of abdomen black, the latter grey at
bases of .segments ; ajiical segment grey. Tarsi witli black and white rings.
Expanse : forewing AM 39 mm. ; EM 17 mm. ; PM 20 mm.
,, hindwing „ 27 „ ; „ 22 „ ; „ 12 „

Hab. Toowoomba, Brisbane district. (Queensland : 1 ?.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. m. SEPTEMBEK, 1896. No. 3.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORNITHOLOaY OF THE
PAPUAN ISLANDS.

By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD and ERNST HARTERT.

(The work of these " contributions " is so divided that Walter ]\'uthschild works out
the families Paradiseidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, and Rallidae, while E. Hartert is
responsible for the rest.)

IV.»

LIST OF A COLLECTION AlADE BY ALBERT S. :\1EEK ON FERGUSSON,
TROBRIAXD, EGU.AI. AND WOODLARK I.^^LAND:^.

MR. ALBERT 8. ]\IEEK, an energetic young collector, spent some time on the
above-named islands, where, besides collecting insects and other natural
history specimens, he brought together a most interesting collection of birds, which
are specially valuable because many of them are accompanied by their nests and eggs.
Though the bird collections are evidently not exhaustive for any of these islands, they
greatly enlarge our knowledge of these imperfectly explored regions.

The bulk of the omis of P'ergusson Island is the same as that of South-Eastorn
New Guinea, but some very fine species, such as Paradisea decora, Phonygama
huiisteini, Cyclopsittacus virago, perhaps also Antkreptes riieeki and others, are
evidently restricted to the D'Entrecasteaux group, while some peculiar species they
have in common with other islands east of New Guinea. The omis of the Trobriands
and of Egum and Woodlark differs on the whole probably not \ery much from that
of PVrgusson.

In the southern part of Fergusson, where Mr. Meek collected, the mountains
rise steeply close to the coast. The spurs are or have been cultivated up to a height
of about 1500 feet, but higher up no villages were met with. The island is thickly
populated in parts, especially towards a place named Dobu, but a great quantitv of
large timber stands in the forests wherever the ground has not been cultivated. The
natives are very honest, but they are frightened at even the idea of ascending the
higher mountains of their island.

Kirvirai, Kiriwina, or Kiriwini, the largest island of the Trobriands, is, like the
smaller islets of that group, a coral island and (juite flat. Meek tells us that it is
very thickly populated, the estimated nimiber of natives being 30, 000. They are a
fine-built race and all under one chief, every village again under a sulvchief. Tlie
whole island has at one time or another been cultivated, with exception of some
extremely rough places on the coast. Where the natives plant gardens they pile the
coral into heaps and plant between them. The gardens look much like an English
• For Nus. L, II., 111. see antea, pp. 8-20.

17

(234 )

hopgarden, only N-eiy much larger, some of them extending for over a mile in length.
Where the island is not just now under cultivation it is thicklj' covered with short
vegetation, very difficult to get through. The only large timber extends in a narrow
belt around the coast, or is scattered in small groups to protect the villages.

Yanarba Island, Egum group, is one of some small islets between the D'Entre-
casteau.x Islands and Woodlark. It was not visited by ^leek himself, but some of his
native collectors spent a few days there. Egum group consists only of small coralline
islands.

Woodlark Island, or Mayu, consists chiefly of corals, hut some mountains seem to
have pierced the coralline capping and occupy about one-fourth of the island. It is
very little cultivated, the natives living on sago a great deal. Owing to the scarcity
of thick undergrowth it is, as on F"ergusson, easy to get about, and in that way very
different from the Trobriands. The southern part is least populated, but on the north
coast are two or three large villages. The natives all know a few words of Englislij
and some speak it very fairly. Skin disease (probably ichthyosis) is very common
among them.

1. Corvus orru B]).

Fergusson Island. Like specimens from other localities, with a purplish gloss,
and not at all Uke the Gorvus spec, described by Salvadori in Orn. Papuasia with a
greenish gloss.

A nest with four eggs was found on .January 22n(l. Tliey are exactly like the
eggs of other species of crows, and if mixed with eggs of Corvus corone, or C. comix
especially, would hardly be found again, though the shell seems rather thick. They
measure 40-5 : 29, 42 : 28, 41 : 280 mm. K. H.

2. Gymnocorax senex (Less.).

Fergusson Inland. " Iris light blue."

3. Maniicodia comrii Scl.

Evidently not rare in Fergusson and Kiriwiiia. The iris is described on the
labels as " red " and " light hazel." Nests, containing two eggs each, were found in
March on Fergusson Island, one clutch being fresh, the other very hard-set. The
nest hangs in the fork of a branch, the upper margin being in equal height with the
branch, just as an oriole's nest hangs. It is fastened with thin twigs of a convolvulus-
like plant and other twigs. It is lined inside with these convolvulus-like twigs. The
bottom is very thick, and outside ornamented with large thick leaves, and in the
middle of the bottom layer are a good many pieces of rotten wood.

The eggs are of a pale buflty salmon-colour, one clutch with a more grcyisii lint,
shaped like crows' eggs, marked with underlying pale cinereous and pale purplish
brown patches, and with dark brown or rufous l)rown blotches. They measure 2'J : 43
and 30'5 : 45'5 mm.

The female is much smaller than the male. Specimens from the difierent
i.slands do not differ.

Mr. Basil H. Thomson (Ibis, 1889, p. 554) stales that M. comrii is "confined
exclusively " to tlu^ D'Entrecasteaux group. This statement was .somewhat unwar-
ranted, since the surrounding countries were not yet explored, ^^'e know now^ that
it is not only found on the islands of the D'Entrecasteaux group, as Meek found it on
the Trobriands and the type came from the Iluon Gulf in New Guinea. \\'. It.

( 23o ■)

4. Phonygama hunsteini h^haipe ( = Manucodia thomsoni Tiistr.).

PVrgusson. Tristram {Ihis, 1889, p. 554) was the first to puljlisli the proper
locality for this rare bird, but Sharpe's short description has precedence. The
tail is strongly hen-tail-shaj)ed in the old 'male, less so in the female, and hardly
perceptibly in very young birds. The webs of the central rectrices in the fully adult
male stand nearly perpendicular at the tip, but thev are not twisted so far as to open
again, as they are in Manucodia comrii, which Sharpe placed in a special genus by
itself, calling it Eucorax. " The iris is red." The female does not perceptibly differ
in colour, but is a little smaller than the male; wing in the female 180, in the male
186 mm. The young birds are all over black, with a steel-blue gloss, but without
any green or purple, the head being uniform with the rest of the uiiper surface.

Mr. Meek met wdth this species in the hills, but seldom below 1500 feet.

w. i;.

5. Paradisea decora Salv. & (jodm.
From Fergusson Island. " Iris yellow in both sexes." Mr. Basil H. Thomson
(Ibis, 1889) says that this species only inhabits Jlount Maybole, in the north of
Fergusson Island ; but Meek never was there. lie found it not rare, though by no
means very numerous, on the hills of 8outh Fergusson, from aliout 1500 feet
upwards. W. L'.

6. Calornis metallica (Temm.).

Fergusson Island. " Iris red." Like specimens from New Guinea.

Some eggs, said to belong to this species, were found on Kiriwina, Trobriands ;
but no skin was sent with them. As, however, Mr. Meek is well acquainted with this
species from his collecting in Queensland, Fergusson Island, and other places, and as
the eggs agree with eggs of this species from other places, there can be little doubt
about their identity. E. If.

7. Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.).

Fergusson and Trobriands. The extent of black and white on the back varies
very much, /ev/ia^es and young birds having the back nearly quite black, old JuaZes
white with a black patch in the middle. Nests, containing clutches of two and three
eggs, were found from September to January. The eggs are ovate, come more
pointed than others, and vary much in colour. They are pale olive, brownish olive,
bluish olive-green, marked with faint patches of dark olive-brown or Ijrown and some
small blackish brown spots, mostly more numerous near the broader end. They
measure 32'5 to 33 : 24 to 26 mm. F. H.

8. Pachycephala dubia Kams.
Fergusson Island. " Iris blackish."

9. Pachycephala fortis (iadow.

tJadow, Cat. B. VIII. p. 3(19 (Addenda).

Both sexes, nests, and eggs from Fergusson Island. Iris ilark hazel. 1 have
compared our specimens with the type oi P. forlis in the British Museum, and found
no ditl'ereuces. This is the more to be wondered at as the birds from the little
Trobriand group differ from those from Fergusson. Hereafter I shall describe the
differences between the two forms. Two nests are quite alike. They consist of dry

( 236 )

gi-asses, fibres, and twiglets, auJ are outside covered with dry leaves of different sorts.
The cup is somewhat shallow, being about 30 to 40 mm. deep, the whole nest being
outside about 90 to 100 mm. broad, 50 to 60 high, while the cup measures
65 across on the top. The eggs, of four clutches, are two in each nest. They are
elliptical ovate, and resemble very much some eggs of the genus Lanivs, especially
those of some of the larger grey shrikes. The ground-colour is whitish or cream-
colour, the blotches dark brown and pale grey, generally more numerous on the
thicker end. They measure 27 : 20, 256 : 18, 27-5 : 19, 27-5 : 191, 26-1 : 18,
25-9 : 17-7, 27-8 : 19, 285 : 19-3 mm.

Eggs were found in October, November, and Decemlier. E. H.

10. Pachycephala fortis trobriandi sulisp. nov.

Two skins, cJ and ?, from Kiriwina, Trobriands, differ from F. forlis of
Fergusson in the following points : —

1. The bill is longer. The culmen of the male is 26, that of the female 25 nitu.
long, while the culmen of the males from Fergusson is 22 and 23 mm. long, that of
ihe females from that island 22 and 21 mm.

2. The wing is longer: 6 100, ? 96 mm. Females from Fergusson: wing, 88
and 90 ; males, 90 and 95.

Coinciding with these differences, which are so slight that I regard them, with
due reserve, as of merely subsiiecific value for the present time, are obvious
differences in the structure of the nest and in the eggs.

The nest is much larger outside, the cup decidedly deeper. The eggs (two in
number in each clutch) were found in March and June. The eggs are white, with
a faint creamy tinge, marked with a few very large blotches of deep rufous brown
or very deep brown, and some deeper-lying light-grey patches. They measure
25"3 : 21, 26'5 : 20'6, 26'1 : 20 mm., and look much more rounded than the majority
of P. fcrrtis from Fergusson.

All these differences of nests and eggs may not be quite constant, but in any case
they are worth recording.

It is remarkable that even the collector seems to have noticed differences in life
between the two forms, for on the labels of the nests and on the chip-boxes containing
the eggs different names are given, the Fergusson birds being called " Little
Brown Thrush," the Trobriand birds " Brown Thrush," and he believes them to be
different forms. E. II.

11. Chibia carbonaria (S. Miill.).

Fergusson Island. "Iris red."

Canon Tristram has {Ibis, 1889, p. 556) described as a new species the Chibia
from Fergusson Island, and called it Ch. propinqua. His diagnosis is : " C. chibiae
luemostictae (Scl.) propinqua, sed differt maculis nitentibus colli antici imi et pectoris
sumnii valde angustioribus, et clongatis, neque, sicut in C. carbonaria, rotmidatis.
Statura sicut in C. laemosticta," and he adds: "The distinctions in this species are
more easily seen by comparison than recognised by description." I am sorry to say
that the skins collected by Mr. Meek on Fergusson Island do not agree with Canon
Tristram's .statement. They are, in my opinion, indistinguishaljle from C. carbonaria
of which I have a large series from Dutch, German, and British New Guinea for
comparison in the Tring Museum. The spots on the upi)er breast are in no way more
longitudinal or narrower than in a great many specimens of Chibia airbonaria, but

( 2r,r )

they vary a great deal in the latter and are by no means always round. In fact,
there are specimens of Ch. carbonaria before me in which they are narrower and
longer than in the specimens from J'ergusson Island. Therefore I have no hesitation
in considering Cli. propinqua merely a .synonym of Ch. carbonaria. This latter is
fairly distinct from Oh. atrocaerulea from the Moluccas, and must, I think, stand as
a species, tiot merely a .subspecies. On the other hand it seems .sometimes very
difficult to distinguish Ch. laemosticta .Scl. from New Britain and New Ireland, and
I am inclined to think that the latter should stand as a subspecies of Ch. carbonaria.

I feel uneasy about the genus under which to classify these species. They have
often been included in Dicrurus, but .Sharpe unites them with Chibia and Salvadori
calls them Dicruropsis. I do not see much of generic characters in either of these
supposed genera.

Nests, with three eggs each, were found in October and December. The eggs
are of two principal sorts of varieties. One has the shell pure white, without gloss,
covered with small deep purplish brown and pale purplish grey spots and dots-
These measure 29-6 : 21-3, 30 : 21, and 2S)-8 : 21-6 mm. The otlier is of a creamy
ground-colour, and spotted with larger patches of a kind of brownish brick-red and
the same pale i)ur])lish grey patches, liut mostly larger. They are a little shoi-ter,
measuring 29 : 22, 29 : 21-5, and 29-1 : 22 mm. E. H.

12. Melilestes fergussonis sp. nov.

Melilestes speciebus M. iliolopihus et M. affinis dictis similis, sed multo major.
Al. c? 71—72 mm., ? 63—64; culm, c? 25, ? 21 mm.

Hub. Fergusson Island.

This species closely resembles in colour i/. iliolophus and M. ajjinis, if the two
are more than subspecies of one species, and is probably only subspecifically distinct.
The differences in size, especially in the length of the bill, and the separate locality
whence we have received it, however, are remarkable. The iris is dark hazel ; bill
black ; about basal half of mandible whitish.

The sexes differ in size, as they also do in M. iliolophus and M. affinis, liut it
seems that this was not noticed before.

Gadow, Cat B. IX., has placed the above-named species in the genus Arachno-
thera, together with M. novaeguineae, while he allowed M. megarhijnchus to remain
among the MeHphatjidae and put it in the genus Ptilotis. Without wishing to
enter into a discussion on the genera of the Meliphagidue, which, I believe, are on
the whole di\ided very reasonably in the Catalogue of Birds, I cannot agree to that,
as I believe that M. megarhynchxts, 2f. uovaegaineae, ^^. iliolopihus, and allies are
all congeneric, and differ widely from Arachnothera in the form of the bill and
nostrils. On the other hand they differ from true rtiloiis, and one might for the
present accept without hesitation Salvadori's generic name Melilestes, with M. mega-
rhynchus as the " type," and including M. novaeguineae, iliolophus, affinis, fergus-
sonis, poliopierus, and probabl}- also Melilestes celebensis and subspecies (see antea,
p. 153), which latter is certainly not an Arachnothera. It differs also from the
Papuan Mdilestes in its short tarsus and toes, its naked ring round the eye, and a
narrower bill. Another question which I have often asked myself and which I cannot
answer to my own satisfaction is whether Arachnothera is in its right ]>lace among
the Kectariniidae, and whether it is not a lloney-lviter. Oates has already allowed
it the rank of a subfamily,

A nest was found in December. It is liislencd to some leaves and a thin twig.

( 238 )

I should say spun on to it, and outside covered with half-decayed di'y leaves. It is
rather small for the bird, and consists chief!}' of dry grass, but is inside thickly lined
with very soft snow-white vegetable silk. It liad one egg, which is creamy white, with
some pale reddish spots all over, and with a close ring of pale browiiish red .sjiots and
dots near the broader end, as well as with a few deep brown hair-lines encircling the
egg above the middle. It measures 20 : 14'3 mm. E. H.

13. Ptilotis spilogaster Grant {Ibis, 189f>, p. 251).

Fergusson Island. <J ? . " hi.-; hazel." Jlr. Ogilvie Grant has kindly compared
the two specimens with the type of the species in the British Museum and found
them to be perfectly alike. E. H.

14. Ptilotis analoga Rchb.
Fergusson Island. Iris dark liazel or " black." Bill and feet dark grey. Nests
were found in November and December. The nest hangs in the fork of a branch, is
a deep cup, much narrower at the bottom, wide on toji, and consists of small grassy
rootlets and leaves. It is outside about 75 mm. higli, the cui> about GO deep, above
about 50 to 75 mm. across. The two eggs are pure wliite and resemble tliose of our
nuthatch, being somewhat sparsely speckled with rufous brown and brownish red,
measuring 21-5 : 10 and 22 : 16 mm. E. H.

15. Philemon novaeguineae subtuberosus sulisp. nov.

Four perfectly adult specimens of both sexes from Fergusson Island, some taken
from the nest, differ from a series of skins from different parts of New Guinea,
Batanta, and Salwatti in having the hump at the base of the culmen distinctly
smaller and in the pale tips to the rectrices being much less developed, anil in fact
hardly or not at all perceptible. The iris is " hazel."

This sub.species is certainly much more distinct than the form described as
" Tropidorhynclms aruensis " by Dr. A. B. ^Ie\'er, Zcilschr. ges. Ornilh. I.
p. 21fi. This latter form is stated to differ from Philemon novaeguineae Mull,
in its longer and higher bill with a higher hump, a more feathered forehead, and
paler colour of the body. Four specimens from M'okan, Lutor, and Giaba-Lengar,
all Aru Islands, do not show a sign of any of these differences, except that the
hill is slightly longer than in the majority of New Guinea s])ecimens, and that tlie
hump in one, from Wokan, is decidedl}' higher than in any I was able to com-
pare from New Guinea. The feathering of the forehead is not at all different
from those from New Guinea, nor is there any difference in colour. Therefore the
Aru form cannot jiossibly be anything more than a subspecies of /'. novaeguineae, but
the majority of ornithologists will no doubt follow Salvadori, who (Aggiunte Orn. Pap.
II. p. 129) places P. aruensis as a synonym under P. novaeguineae. Why Dr.
Meyer in his original description compared his T. aruensis with P. timoriensis
rather than with P. novaeguineae I cannot understand, for in size, colour, and hump
it stands undoubtedly nearest to /'. novaeguineae. Nor can I understand how one
can place P. jobiensis Meyer and P. novaeguineae into different genera, as Salvadori
does in his Orn. Papuasia. I should rather agree with Dr. Gadow, who recognises
P. jobiensis only as a subspecies of P. novaeguineae, for there is a small hump on the
base of the bill, but the somewhat different forehead, whicli is not feathered, but
covered with scanty stiff lihick hairs, justifies its specific position. In any case Dr.
Meyer's view must be upheld that it is congeneric with P. novaeguineae, though I

( 23 9 )

fully agree with Dr. (ladow in uniting Philemon and Tropidorh;jnchufi under the
former name, as such forms as P. jubiensis and P. novaer/itineae subtaberos'us form
distinct bridges from the humped to the unhumi)ed members of the groui).

In comparing any of these birds it must be borne in mind that the femrdes have
as a rule slightly smaller humps, and that they are much less developed in young
birds; therefore only adult birds of the same sex should be compared if the size of th(>
humjj is discussed.

Nests of Philemon novaegvAneae gv.btuberosus were found from October to
December on Fergusson Island. Tliey were large open structures, and contained two
or three eggs each. The latter are very pale salmon-colour, and have many
vinaceous rufous patches and a few deeper-lying puri)lish grey ones. They measure
32-5 :23, 32-7 : 22-8, 33-7 : 23-5 mm. and about these measurements. Other clutches
are of a deeper salmon-colour, washed nearly all over with pale vinaceous rufous
patches and with a few black dots, f^ize about the same. E. H.

IC>. Myzomela forbesi Kams.

Eamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, IV. p. 469 (1880); Gadow, Cat. B.
Brit. M'us. IX. p. 135.

The species has been described from Woodlark Island, but ]\Ir. l\Ieek sent a fine
series of both sexes from Fergusson Island only. The wing of the males is 2-3 to 2'4
inches (about 60 mm.), not 2'2.5 inches as given by Gadow. " Iris hazel." " Bill and
feet black." The female is greenish olive above ; forehead, crown, and throat dull red ;
underside pale olive, very pale in the middle of the abdomen. " Iris black." Wing
52 — 53 mm. Altogether smaller than the male. K. H.

17. Dicaeum rubrocoronatum 8harpe.

Fergusson Island. Thi'ee eggs were found on December 2nd, 1894. They are
pure white, and measure 13-3 : 11, 14 : 11, 15-2 : 10-9 mm. E. II.

18. Anthreptes nieeki sp. nov.

cJ ? . Anthreptes minimus, capite colloque supra, tectrieibns alarum minoribus
griseis, dorso, rectricum et secundariarum marginibus exterioribus, alarum tectrieibns
majoribus viridibus, griseo lavatis. Subtus griseo-albidus, corporis lateribus, fasciculis
plumarum pectoris lateribus pallide sulfureis, alarum tectrieibns inferioribus alliis.
Al. 50 mm., caud. 25 — 28, culm. 14, tars. 12 mm.

Hab. Ins. PVrgusson dicta.

This is perhaps the most interesting of Mr. Jleek's discoveries on Fergusson
Island, and therefore it is appropriate that it should bear his name. Remarkable it is
on account of its very simple coloration, the male having no trace of mekdlie colours
in its plumage and differing in no ivay from the female ! It is therefore with some
hesitation that I call it an Anthreptes, but it belongs to no other genus known to me,
and I cannot find any structural characters to separate it from that genus. Perhaiis
Jlr. Buttikofer or Count 8alvadori would separate it generically, if I understand their
point of view, judging from the former gentleman's recent, and most valuable, articles
on some groups of Passerine birds, and from the latter ornithologist's keys to the
genera in his monograph of the Anatidae: Init in my opinion coloration alone cannot
constitute genera, and generic characters must be structural, so as to enable us to class
all ages, se.xes, and even varieties, such as albinoes, in their proper genera. Besides

( 240 )

the aberrant colour of tbis new species, it inhabits the most eastern locality of any
Anthreptes hitherto known.

Adult. — Head and neck alwve grey, nearest to "olive-grey " (Hidgw., Noviencl.Col.
pi. ii. fig. 14). Ear-coverts paler, small spot in front of the eye greyish white. Lesser
wing-coverts grey. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts green, slightly washed with
grey. Primaries deep brown, outer webs narrowly margined with olive-grey.
Secondaries and rectrices deep brown, outer webs margined with green. Throat,
breast, and middle of abdomen greyish white; sides of body pale sulphur-yellow;
pectoral tufts sulphm-yellow. Under wing-coverts white, washed with yellow. Iris
deep brown ; legs blackish ; bill black ; base of mandible whitish.
Jleasurements : see above.

Evidently not rare on Fergusson Island, from where a small but fine series was sent.
Nests were found in September and December. The nest is a characteristic
sunbird's nest, being constructed of gjass and other fine dry materials. The entrance,
at the side, is overhung by a small porch. It is firmly attached to a branch, from
which it suspeuds. The two eggs resemble those of other sunbirds, being of a
brownish creamy ground-colour, covered all over with a dark brown, like chocolate
with milk, and a few deeper brown, almost black, lines and dots. They mea.sure
18 : 12-3 and 17-3 : 12-3 mm. E. H.

19. Cinnyris christianae Tristr.

Fergusson and Kiriwina Islands.

This species has been described from St. Aignan's Island by Canon Tristram in
the Ibis, 1889, p. 555. The description suits our specimens very well, except that I
cannot find that the bill is so remarkably larger than that of other allied species. The
type, now in the Liverpool Museum, has most kindly been sent me by the Director,
Mr. Forbes, for comparison. It agrees entirely with our specimens, except that the
wing is slightly longer. It measures 66 mm. in the type, while it measures 63 — Go
in eight males from Fergusson Island before me. That, of course, cannot be
considered an important difierence, nor can any weight be attached to a slightly
more greenish tint of the upper wing-coverts in the Fergusson niaks. The female
and the young male, of which there are skins from Fergusson and Kiriwina, have the
head above and nape deep grey with pale grey edges to the feathers, so that they look
somewhat scaly, the rest of the upper parts dull yellowish green, throat and upper
breast pale ashy grey, abdomen pale yellow, under wing-coverts white with a yellow
wash. Wing 57 — 60 ; culm. 23. Culmen of males 23 — 25 mm. Iris deep brown.

Nests were found on Fergusson and Kiriwina fiom Octoli<'v to March. The nests
resemble those of other sunbirds.

The eggs, two or three in number, are of a brownish white ground-colour, which
is more or less covered with spots and patches of chocolate-colour or a similar brown
colour. Some are entirely and equally covered with the dark colour, so that scarcely
anything is visible of the ground-colour, but most of them have a more or less well-
defined ring near the broader end, and the smaller end is often very pale, showing
much of the ground-colom-, which in some is rather whitish. The ineasm'ements are
20 : 13, 17-9 : 13, 17-8 : 12-3, 18-3 : 12-1, 178 : 12, and so on. K. II.

20. Cinnyris frenata (Mull).
Fergusson Island.

(241 )

21. (?) Pseudogerygone conspicillata (Gray).

Three specimens of a Pseudogeryrjone from Fergusson Island agree best, of all the
species rej)resented in the British Aluseum at present, with P. conspieillata, from which
they seem hardly separable at all, though the flanks are a little more washed with
rufous olive. They are above olive-brown, below whitish with an olive-hrowu or rufous
olive wash, strongest on the breast and sides of body. Kasal plumes whitish, feathers
in front of the eye dusky. Under wing-coverts white. Wing oi females 52 — 53 mm.,
of ')nnle 55 mm. Rectrices with blackish subterminal spots and with rather indistinct
whitish sjiots on the tips of the inner webs of the outer rectrices. Feathering of the
eyelid white above and below. " Iris red." These birds also resemble very much a
specimen of P. brunneipectus in the British Museum, but the colour is not exactly
the same. In the Tring Jluseum is also a skin shot near Cedar Bay in North
Queensland by JMr. Meek on January IGth, 1894. It is marked male. Except a
slightly paler general colour, which may be due to its being in a somewhat worn
plumage, and more di.stinct whitish spots on the inner webs of the outer four pairs of
rectrices, I cannot see any differences. If the sex is right the wing, measuring only
51 mm., would also be shorter. This should be P. maf/nirostris tiould, but it has
also white feathers roimd the eye, and Sharpe's supposition that they are absent in
P. magnirostris (see his " Key ") seems to be wrong.

I repeat that my specimens agree best with P. conspicillata, but I am somewhat
doubtful whether P. consjjicilhda,, hrunneipectus, and magnirostris are specifically
separalsle.

Nests were found in January. They are hanging from a twig, like sunbirds' nests,
and have a lateral entrance nearer the top. The eggs, three in number, are without
gloss, reddish white with small brownish red spots, many of them of ver\' minute size,
but one is pure white with only a few red spots. The reddish ones measure IGw : 13,
17-3 : 12-6, the white one 17-4 : 129 mm.

Nests of the bird from Cedar Bay are much like the one from Fergusson Island,
but more pointed at the bottom, the eggs more reddish and more plentifully marked
with rufous little spots. They measure from 17 : 12 to 18 : 12-3 and 17-5 : 12-5 mm.

E. H.

22. Rhipidura setosa (Quoy & Ciaim.).

Fergu.sson Island. " Iris black." A ne.st found on December 29th is an unmistak-
able Rhipidura nest, viz. a well-built pad, resting on the top of a branch, quite
round, measuring 60 mm. across. The two eggs are also at once recognised as
Rhijjidura eggs by any one who knows eggs. They are brownish white with a broad
ring of dark brown, paler brown, and deeper-lying grey sjiots and patches. They
measure 19-5 : 14-3 and 19 : 14-3 mm. E. H.

23. Monarcha melanopsis (Vieill.).

Fergusson Island. " Iris black ; bill bluish grey ; legs and feet bluish grey."

24. Monarcha inornatus (Ciarn.).
Troliriand Islands. ? . " Iris black."

( 242 )

25. Mouarcha guttula (Garn.).
Fergusson Island. Iris dark hazel. The sexes alike. The N-ouiig bird agrees
with Salvadori's description (Om. Papuas. II. p. 22), but the breast is washed with pale
cinnamon. The wing-coverts are without any white spots, which only appear as tiie
birds get older. Nests were found in December. They are firmly fixed in a corner
formed of three or four twigs, and are deep cups, built entirely of green moss, but
lined inside with black rootlets and human hair. Outside height about 100 mm. ;
width across on top 70 — 80. The two eggs are of a dark cream-colour, thickly spotted
and .speckled with pale and dark rufous and with some deeper-lying greyish spots.
They measure 22-.5 : 16'1 and 22 : 1.5-9 mm. E. H.

26. Monarcha chalybeocephalus (Garn.).

Fergusson, Trobriand, and Wood lark Islands. " Iris black ; feet brownish black ;
beak slate-colour." One female from the Trobriands has the chin metallic greenish
black, while another from the same place has no sign of a dark cliin.

Nests were found on Fergusson Island from October to December. They are
either built of moss lined inside with dark rootlets, much like that of M. gidtvla, and
outside ornamented with white pieces of a very tough and close cobweb, or without
moss, of rootlets, twigs, etc., ornamented outside with lichens, gi-eenish or grey
bark, cobwebs, etc. They are mostly fixed firmly in a fork of a branch, or riding on
some twigs.

The eggs have no similarity whatever with those of M. giMula, being greenish
white and with a loose ring of brown and grey spots near the tliicker end, altogether
much re.iiembling small eggs of the corresponding variety of Lanius coUurio. The
clutches consist of three eggs each. They measure 211 : 1.), 21-3 : 10, 21 : 15-3,
21: lo-fi, 21-9: 15-3 mm. " K. H.

27. Monarcha aruensis Salvad.

Fergusson. These birds agree entirely with skins from Nicura and .Mailn in
British New Guinea. They are easily distinguishable from M. melanonola from
Dutch New Guinea by their smaller bill, and are also well distinguishable from M.
chrysomelas of New Ireland, while M. km'densis Meyer is quite a different liird.

E. H.

28. Edoliosoma miilleri Salvad.

Two males and a. female from Fergusson Island. The iris in both sexes " hazel."
The male of this species hardly differs from thai of E. ienuirostre except in the
greater massiveness of the bill. The female differs more, according to Sahadori.

K. II.

29. Lalage karu (Less.).
Fergusson Island. Iris in both sexes " hazel."

30. Pitta finschi Rams. (?).

.■\ third skin from Fergusson Island agrees perfectly with the two described Nov
ZooL. II. p. Gl. I have nothing to add about the birds to what I said there.
Two eggs were found on October 16th, 1894.

( 243 )

They are creamy white, heavily blotclied and spotted with purplish brown and
bluisli grey.

Measurements: 31-9: 24-5 mm. E. H.

31. Collocalia fucipliaga ('I'liunb.),
P'ergus.son and Kiriwiua, Trobriands. Wings 110 — IIV lam. E. H.

32. Collocalia esculenta (L.).

Kiriwina and Woodlark. Wings in specimens from the former island it.') — lOfi
mm., in those from the latter 101 — 103 mm. E. H.

33. Podargus intermedius Hartert.

In the December meeting of the Brit. Orn. Club I described this interesting
new form, of which !Mr. jMeek sent a small series from Fergusson and Kiriwina,
Trobriand group. These liirds are represented in grey and rufous phases, the latter
being sexed as females, the former as niales. The iris is described on the various
labels as " brick-red," dull red, and hazel. Nests with one egg each were found in
November and December on Fergusscm Island, and a young bird was found there in
January. The nests are curiously tiny structures, resting on the branches. They
are of a somewhat triangular form, measuring only about 4 to 5i inches across. They
are composed of only a few pieces of vines, twigs, and grass, loosely put together, and
one can easily read through them if held over a book. They are much less of a nest
than that of a turtle-dove. The eggs are dead white, equally rounded on both ends,
rather thin and fragile, and measure 39-4 : 27-6 and 40-3 : 28-6 mm. When held
against the light they shine through greenish yellow. Both sexes seem to breed, as
both were shot from the nests. The nestling was evidently not hatched long before it
was found, but the rectrices, wing-feathers, and scapulars, as well as some feathers of
the spinal and pectoral tracts, begin already to show. The little thing is sparsdy
covered with whitish downy feathers, the back, sides of body, and abdomen being very
thinly covered. The nostrils stand out rather tubular. The stomach is full of insect-
remains. E. II.

34. Eurystomus australis i^w. and 3'). E. crassirostris Scl.

Both these rollers were shot on Fergusson Island. The iris of both species is
described as "hazel."

30. Scythrops novaehollaiidiae Lath.

Both sexes, Kiriwiua, Trobriand Islands. "Iris red." One of the two sent

is marked <?, the other ?. In the latter the bill is more than 1 cm. longer than in
the one marked S, and flip wing is 3 cm. longer as well ! E. II.

37. Cacomantis iusperatus ((iould).
Fergusson Island. " Iris hazel."

38. Ceutropus nigricans t^alvad.
Fergusson Island. " Iris red."

( 244 )

39. Ceyx solitaria (Tomm.).
S. Fergusson Island. " Iris lilack."

4(1. Alcedo ispidoides Les.s.
? . Fergiis.son Island.

41. Alcyone lessoni Cass.

Fergusson Island. " Iris black."

Nests were found in September and (Jctober. The eggs, of the usual form and
colour of kingfishers' eggs, measiu-e 23 : 19'3, 22'3 : 19'G mm., and thereabouts.

E. H.

42. Halcyon sanctus (Vig. & Ilorsf.).
Fergusson, Kiriwina in the Trobriand group, and Woodlark Islands. " Iris
hazel."

43. Halcyon saurophagus (Uouldj.
Yanarba Island, Egum group. " Iris black."

44. Syma torotoro Less.

S ? . Fergusson Island. " Iris hazel." The under parts of the four specimens
before me are rather darker cinnamon-rufous than usu<al. As Sharpe (^Cat. B. XVII.
p. 197) justly says, the throat and abdomen are paler in S. tm'otoro ; in tho.se from
Fergusson Island, however, I find the throat but \ery little paler, and the abdomen
not at all so. Among seventeen skins before me from New Guinea and Waigiou I
find the abdomen only as dark in one single specimen. I suspect, therefore, that the
Fergusson Island birds are subspecifically different, but I cannot find any other
differences. E. H.

45. Halcyon macleayi Jard. & Selby.
A female, Kiriwina, Trobriauds. " Iris dark hazel."

46. Halcyon sordidus colonus subsp. no v.

Halcyon formae H. sordidus typiciis dictae aflinis, sed mullo minor. Culm. 40
(nee 60) mm., al. 89—93 (nee 112) mm.

Hah. " Egum group" (subspeciei typus), " I-ouisiade Islands."

Two skins, a male and & female, from Egum Island diflVr widely from //. sm'didus
from Northern Australia and the Aru Islands, in being decidedly smaller and appa-
rently also darker, especially on the head, though this may be due to the freshness of
the skins. The loral spot is not white, but pale buff; the concealed spot on the nape
very distinct and pale buff; the collar on the Iiind-neck rather broad; above and
behind the eye an indication of an eyebrow. Tail 70 mm.

This very distinct form might stand as a species ; but the differences being of a
nature suggesting the occurrence of local variation in a similar direction, and, except
the size, not being striking, it is perhajis .safer to at once regard them as of subspecific
importance only. The skin "n" in the I'litish Museum (of Sharpe, Cat. B. XVII.
p. 279) belongs also to this form, which will doubtless be found on many more islands.
The iris is given by Mr. Meek as " hazel."

I

( 245 )

Cabanis & Heine, Mits. Hein. II. p. 159, named the Aru birds Sauropatis
grayi (descr. nulla !) ; but from glancing at them in the British Museum I could
not see any differences from Australian specimens. E. H.

47. Lorius hypoenoclirous G. I?. Gray.

Fergusson, Trobriands, and Woo<llark. " Iris red.' Sexes quite alike.

48. Cyclopsittacus virago Hartert.

Fergusson Island only. See Nov. Zool. II. p. 01.

49. Loriculus aurantiiirons meeki Hartert.
Fergusson Island only. See Nov. ZooL. II. p. 62.

50. (?) Nasiterna pusio Scl.

Fergusson Island. Two vmles and some nestlings from Fergusson Island are
rather small, have a bluish tinge on the breast, hardly any yellow on the under parts,
and the forehead and sides of the head not so orange, but rather browner. They
differ, however, from each other a little, and I am therefore in doubt whether they
belong to a distinct local form, or whether they are merely immature specimens.
I am not at all sure that the specimens from the Duke of York group and from
" S.E. New Guinea " are fully the same. The type has been described from the
" Solomon Islands," which was evidently wrong. E. H.

51. GeoiFroyus aruensis (Gray).

Evidently not rare in Fergusson Island. Iris in both sexes very pale yellow,
sometimes nearly white ; feet and legs dark grey. E. H.

52. Eclectus pectoralis (P. L. S. Mtill).

Evidently common on Fergusson and Kiriwina, Trobriands. The (green) males
have the iris mostly marked "red," some "yellow." The (red) females also have
these two colours marked on the labels as those of their irides. E. H.

53. Cacatua triton trobriaudi (?).

h female from Fergusson Island has the wing only 26.S mm. ( =: 10'4 in.), which
is decidedly less than the length of the wing of C. triton. Salvador! {Cat. B. XX.
p. 119) says : " The specimens from the Western Papuan Islands, and especially from
the Aru Islands, are generally smaller than those from the mainland, and have even
been separated specifically as C. macrolopha Eosenb. ; but I do not think that we are
justified in accepting this view, especially when we consider the great range of
individual variation." Dr. Finsch, in his interesting book Samoafahrten, p. 208, says
that the natives in the Trobriand Islands brought to him " lebendo Exemplare einer
eigenen kleinen Kakaduart mit gellier Haube, Cacatita Irobriandi Finsch." This
name he considered afterwards (Salvadori, I.e.) as a synonym of C. tritan.

No description of " Cacatua trobriandi Finsch " has ever appeared. Most likely
the Fergusson Island cockatoo belong.s to the same form as that from Trobriand. It
is still smaller than those from the Western Papuan Islands, Sahvatti, Mysol, etc., the

( 24G )

wing measming only 267 mm., while My.sol specimens have the wing 280 mm. long,
and the wings of those from Dutch New Guinea in Mr. Rothschild's Museum measure
320 to 330 mm. The bills differ in [iroportion. It seems to me, and I have no doubt
that a large series with exact localities .4ated will prove beyond doubt, that the
birds from the Western Papuan Islands form a well-marked subspecies, C. triton
macrolopha Kosenb., and that the birds from Fergusson, Normanby, and Trobriand
Islands are separable as another subspecies, to which the name trobriundi might be
attached. E. H.

54. Ninox goldiei (iumey.
Fergusson. " Iris and feet yellow."

iV. goldiei has been described from " S.E. New Guinea." Unfortunately many of
Goldie's skins had no exact locality, though most of them were collected by Hunstein.
The locality " S.E. New Guinea " may have been erroneous, as in the case of
Phonygama huTisteini (vide supra). Mr. Meek has now sent a number of skins of this
owl from Fergusson. Two of them I sent to !Mr. J. H. Gurney, who kindly compared
them with the three in the Norwich Museum, and who wrote : " I compared your
two skins with the three at our Museum, with which they are clearly identical, but
your pair are on the whole a trifle smaller than ours, and they certainly are a shade
darker on the back." After measuring all Meek's specimens it is evident that they
are not smaller than the types, one having the wings even longer than the types.
The wings vary fi'om 208 to 223 mm., the males being smaller. The shade of colom-
on the back differs in darkness. Mr. Sharpe has suggested that N. temcolm' Earns.
is identical with N. goldiei, but there is hardly a character in Kamsay's description
(Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. IV. p. 466) that is found in N. goldiei, which is also very
much larger. Some of our birds have white spots on the wing-coverts, others not.
The breast is more or less mixed with white, and of a more or less deep rufous colour.

E. H.

55. Astur etorques (Salvad.).

Jlr. :Meek has most diligently collected a series of extremely interesting .hawks
on the several islands, and we must be very thankful for that, but the study of these
specimens has proved to be very difficult, and took a long time. There are before
me three ferncdes and one male, all adult, from Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands, which
are all, undoubtedly, the same species ; further one, probably adult, mcde and a young
female in first plumage from Fergusson Island, and one not quite adult female from
Woodlark Island. These latter I believe to belong to the same form, and I am of
opinion that all these birds are Astur etorques (Salvad,). (See Orn. Papuas. 1.
p. 49, Addenda III. p. 508, etc.)

All the specimens from the Trobriands are evidently adult birds, two shot from
their nests. All, except one, show indications of, or even well perceptible, though
faint, cross-barrings on the abdomen, and a greyish wash on the chest.

UliQ females have the wings 268, 270, and 251 mm., the latter evidently younger,
being more barred and of a darker rufous colour below. All these females have
distinctly barred luuler wing-coverts, one of them having the latter washed with a
Viluish grey, a kind of "bloom" of the latter colour being perceptible everywhere
below. The male has only very faint indications of bars below, and hardly any on the
under wing-coverts. Its wing measures 220 mm. The ground-colour of the under
parts of all these is vinous rufous in different shades, some being darker, some paler

( 247 )

and more vinous. The tliroat in all is rather greyish vinous. The mide from
Fergusson differs from all these in being much paler below, perceptibly barred. Its
wings are 21. '5 mm. The young female from Fergusson is totally different. It is
brown above, whitish below, cross-barred with brown, but longitudinally marked on
throat and chest. Wing 260 mm. The female from Woodlark resembles those
from Trobriand, but the ground-colour below is of a deeper rufous, the bars more
distinct, the throat also with cross-markings. \\'ing 268 mm. The iris of all
these specimens is described as yellow. The clutch is three eggs. They are of the
form and structure of eggs of other species of Astur and Circus. They are of a
bluish white, like goshawks' eggs, and unspotted. If held against the light they
shine through dark bluish green. They measure 45*5 : 35'o, 45-5 : 35, 44 : 33-6,
45 : 35-5, 33 : 35 mm.

Specimens of A. etorques from New Guinea agree with the specimens above
described.

Gurney separated a form of this bird from New Britain and New Ireland as
Urospizias dampieri (cf. Ibis, 1882, pp. 126, 453). I have before me in the Tring
INIuseum an unsexed bird, evidently a male, fi'om New Ireland, and a young bird,
perhaps a, female. The male has the wing 201 mm. In colour it agrees with our
sjiecimens of A. etorques, except that the under wing-coverts are very light-coloured,
and the inner wing-lining is not greyish, but of a pale whitish cinnamon. This pale
cinnamon inner wing-lining is also obvious in the young bird. From these two
specimens I should say that the New Ireland form, which would be A. dampieri, is
very closely allied to A. etoi-ques,. hut not the same. Perhaps it may be subspecific-
ally distinct. (See A. B. Jleyer, Abh. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1890-91, No. 4,
p. 2; 1892-93, No. 3, p. 6.)

Astur (jriseirjidaris Gray from the Moluccas is very much like A. etorqites, but
the throat is pure cinereous grey, sharply separated from the vinous breast, etc., and
there is a broad, though not sharply limited, band of vinous across the hind-neck.

I am not convinced as to the value of the genus Urospizias, but I hope that
before long we shall be enlightened about the genera of the hawks — a difficult and,
I am afraid, not very satisfactory chapter. V.. H.

56. Astur poliocephalus (<iiay).
Fergusson Island. '' Iris hazel."

57. Baza reinwardti (-Miill. A: Schleg.).
Fergusson Island. " Iris yellow."

58. Pandion haliaetus leucocephalus Gould.

S ¥ shot from nest on Egum, July 25th. These two birds, shot from the nest,
differ in the colour of the head, the ? having the top of the head quite white, the
i having a number of broad longitudinal deep brown spots, especially on the
forehead. The wing of the cJ is 41 cm., that of the ? 43-5. (See ante^i, p. 178.)
The nest contained two eggs. They are similar to the less-spotted varieties of the
European osprey, but one has a few hair-lines, which are e.\tremely seldom seen in
European osprey eggs. They are not large, measuring 60 : 43 and 58 : 43 mm.

E. H.

( 248 )

59. Haliastur Indus girrenera (Vieill.)-
Fergusson Island. " Iris hazel." Typical (jirreneru, with pure white head.

E. H.

60. Milvus migrans affinis (Gould).
Fergusson Island.

61. Falco ernesti Sharpe.
A large and very Asxk female was shot in Woodlark Island on August ."rd, 1895.
" Iris dark hazel." (See antei, p. 18.) E. II.

62. Carpophaga vanwycki Cass.

Egum Islands. " Iris red." Wing 218 — 233 mm. E. H.

63. Carpophaga salvadorii Tristr.

Fergusson Island. Qiee Xuv. Zool. II. p. 63.) E. H.

64. Carpophaga zoeae (Less.).
Fergusson Island. "Iris white; feet and legs red." The specimens from
Fergusson are quite like specimens from Dutch New Guinea, Jobi, German New
Guinea, and several places in British New Guinea. The metallic green line between
the vinous hind-neck and the deep chestnut back is more or less distinct. Dr. A.
B. Meyer {Abh. imid Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1891, No. 2, p. 13) has separated a form
from Kaiser-Wilhelmsland as C. zoeae orientalis, but I cannot see any differences
between our birds from Kaiser-Wilhelmsland and those from the other parts
mentioned above. The metallic green on the back is more or less developed in all ;
the chin is not more white in any of my Kaiser-Wilhelmsland specimens ; some
metallic greenish gloss is often visible on the breast-band, and not confined to skins
from German New Guinea. Therefore the validity of Dr. Meyer's subspecies seems
very improbable to me. E. H.

65. Reinwardtoenas reinwardti griseotincta Hartert.
(?. Fergusson Islan<l. " Iris hazel." In coloration similar to skins from
German and British New Guinea. Wing not measurable, because moulting.

E. Jl.

66. Caloenas nicobarica (Linn.).
The Nicobar pigeon was found in the Trobriand and Egum Islands. " Iris bluish
white."

67. Ptilopus zonurus Salvad.
Fergusson Island. " Iris light red." The sexes do not dilTer.

68. Ptilopus strophium (Jould.
One cJ from Egum, agreeing with specimens from S.E. New Guinea, I)ut with
the bill alx)ut 3 mm. longer. " Iris red." Salvadori, Cat. B. XXI. p. 135, gives the
iris as " yellow " on the authority of " Ingham." E. IL

( :i4!> )

69. Ptilopus superbus (Temm.).
Kiriwina, Trohriaiids. " Iris yellow."

70. Ptilopus lewisi vicinus Hartert.
See Nov. Zool. II. pp. 02, (13, where I described this subspecies from Fergussoii
Island. In a later collection we received it also from Kiriwina, Trobriands.

E. H.

71. Macropygia doreya cinereiceps Tristr.
1 cj and 2 ? from Fergusson Island are termed as above with some hesitation.
The females seem not to differ from the females of the allied forms, but the male
is less distinctly barred on the breast than two mules of M. doreya from Hatam,
Arfak, and there is a little more grey on the crown and nape; but we have a male,
evidently quite adult, from Ansus, May 6th, 1875, which has on its label, in Salvadori's
handwriting, " h. Macropyrjia doreya var. griseinucha Salvad. Typus. Bruijn."
This bird does not differ from our Fergusson Ttude except in a slightly more purplish
hind-neck, a character which is changeable individually, and in having the breast
slightly more distinctly barred, but nobody would think of describing this slight
difference if they came from the same locality. This Ansus specimen is evidently
specimen x. of Salvadori's list in Orn. Papuasia III. p. 155, where it is said that
it belongs to M. doreya, not to J/, griseinucha, which is said to be coniined to
Miosnom, though this " typus " is from Ansus ! If this Ansus bird is true M. doreya,
then my Trobriand bird is certainly scarcely even a subspecies of it. I strongly
suspect that M. ciiwreicepjs, M. griseinucha, and probably also M. goldiei will have to
be classified as subspecies under M. dweya, if that. E. H.

72. Chalcophaps stephani Rchb.
Fergusson Island. See Nov. Zuui.. II. p. (14.

7o. Chalcophaps chrysochlora Gould.

Fergusson and Kiriwina, Trobriands. " Iris hazel." March l(.)th and .\pril 18th,
nests with two eggs each. In one clutch one egg is much more yellowish and
measures 28'u : 20'5 mm., while the other, whiter one, measures 29-3 : 21 '0.

E. H.

74. Porphyrio melanoptenis I'p.
Kiriwina, Trobriands, and Woodlark Island. " Iris red, hazel in young liirds."
Sharpe, Cat. B. XXIIl. p. 203, calls this species Porp/h. snumujdiaim Tenun.,
but this is, in my opinion, wrong. Temm., Fl. Col.m, figures a bird with the
thighs of a lighter blue than the abdomen, while in the species under discussion they
are of a deeper colour. Temminck's bird has a deep bluish green back, and he
describes it as having " le dos, les ailes et la queue, d'uu bleu noiratre a legcre nuance
verdatre," but our bird has a black back. Moreover Temminck states that his species
has been diagnosed by Horsfield imder the name of i'. indicus, and that it inhabits
the lakes of the islands of Java and Banda. Now our bird does not live in .lava, nor
is it, as far as I can make out, recorded with certainty from Banda. It is said by
Sharpe to live "throughout the .Moluccas," and though this is probable, there are
manv of those islands where it has not yet been found. Therefore the name

18

( -^50 )

P. smaragdimis cannot be used for our bird. The next oldest name in Sharpe's
synonymy is P. vitiensis Peale. This apj)lies to the Fiji form, and as that seems to
dififer, at least subspecifically, from our birds, it cannot be strictly ajiplied to them, so
that P. mdanoptenis Bp.,* or more likely P. vitiensis melanopterus, will in future be
the proper nomenclature of this form. W. K.

Woodlark Islaud.
Fergusson Island.

75. Esacus magnirostris Geoff.

76. Squatarola helvetica (,!-.).

77. Totauus hypoleucus (I-).

Fergusson and Trobriands.

78. Demiegretta sacra ((im.).

Kiriwiua, Trobriand Islands, Woodlark Island. " Iris pale yellow."

79. Tadorna radjah ((iarn.).
Fergusson Island. " Iris hazel.''

80. Megapodius macgillivrayi Gray.

Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands, where these birds were common. " The iris is
hazel." The pullus is brown below ; throat and abdomen lighter, and tinged with
rusty rufous. Dark brown above; interscapular region tinged with slaty olive, rump
with deep rufous; secondaries, wing-coverts, and scapulars barred wit li light rusty-
brown .

The eggs vary somewhat in colour, some being more rufous, some paler, some
more brownish, but pure white when the coloured upper surface is rubbed oft" or comes
off" through decay. Some regular ones and two smaller varieties measure S-1 : 56,
93 : 55, 87-5 : 55, 95 : 55, 83 : 54-5, 896 : 51 mm. E. 11.

81. Micranous leucocapillus (Gould).
Egum and \\'oodlark Islands.

82. Sterna bergii Licht.

Woodlark Island. Wing 350 mm.

83. Sterna dougalli ;Mont.

(? ad. Woodlark Island, August 3rd. ^\ ing 216 mm.

It may be useful for persons working with Mr. Saunders' key to the species of
tlie genus Sterna (Cat. B. XXV. p. 41) to state that there must be a mistake in tlie
line " «'. Size larger ; wing never less than 95 in." In the description of Sterna
dougalli, p. 73, the wing is given 9"25, though this species falls under a' in the key.
In fact the wing of Sterna dougalli is not merely 9'25, as gi\'en (evidently from one
skin) in the description, but about S'3 to 9'5 in. It is a custom very convenient to
the writer, and very much in use among the best ornithologists, to describe and
raea.sure one typical specimen ; but this practice is most inconvenient for the student
u.sing their books. E. H.

^\V• append lists of the species sent from each island. Forms described as new
• Tcmra. is not tlic author.

( 251 )

from Mr. Meek's collection are marked with an asterisk. Some in brackets and
without numbers have been first discovered on the islands where they are now
enumerated, but not sent from there by IMr. Meek.

Feegusson.

Teobeiands.

WOODL.\EK.

(Myzomela forbesi.) 1

1. Corvus orru.

1. Manucodia comrii.

2. Gymnocorax senex.

2. Calornis metallica.

1. M. cKalvbeocepba-

3. Jlanucodia comrii.

3. Cracticus cassicus.

lus. ' |2

4. Phonygama hunsteini.

4. Pachyc. fortis trobri-

2. CoUocalia e s c u -

5. Paradisea decora.

andi (»).

lenta. ' 3

6. Calornis metalUca.

5. Cinnyris christianae.

3. Lorius bypoeno-

7. Craoticus ca-ssious.

6. Monarcba inornatus.

cbrous. 1 "i

8. Pachycephala dubia.

7. M. chalybeocepbalus.

4. Astur etorques. |

n. P. fortis.

8. CoUocalia fucipbaga.

5. Falco ernesti. , ^

1(1. (^'IiiMa carbonaria.

9. C. esculenta.

6. Porphyrio melan-

11. Jlelilestes fergussouis (*).

10. Podargus interme- 1

opterus. ^

12. Ptilot.is spilogaster.

dius.

7. Esacus magniros-

13. P. analoga.

11. Scytbrops novaeboll. 1

tris. 7

14. Philemon novaeguinc-ae

12. Halcyon sanctus. 1

S. Demiegretta sacra.

subtuberosus (*).

13. H. macleayi.

9. Micranous leacoca-

1.5. Myzomela forbesi.

14. Lorius hypoeno-

pillus.

16. Dicaeum rubrocoronatum.

chrous.

10. Sterna bergii.

17. Anthreptes meeki (•).

15. Eclectus pectoralis.

11. St. dougalli.

IS. Cinnyris christianae.

(Cacatua triton tro- ]

19. C. frenata.

briandi.)

20. Pseudogerygoue conspicill.

16. Astur etorques.

21. Rhipidura setosa.

17. Caloenas nicobarica.

22. Monarcba melaoopsis.

18. Ptilopus superbus.

23. M. guttula.

19. P. lewisi vicinus.

24. M. chalybeocepbalus.

20. Chalcophaps chryso-

25. W. aruensis.

chlora.

26. Edoliosoma miilleri.

21. Porphyrio melanop-

27. Lalage karu.

terus.

28. Pitta finschi (?).

22. Totanus hypolencus.

29. CoUocalia fiicipbaga.

23. Demiegretta sacra.

30. Podargas intermedius(').

24. Megapodias macgilli-

31. Eurystomus australis.

vrayi.

32. E. cVassirostris.

33. Cacomantis insperatus.

34. Centropus nigricans.

35. C'eyx soUtaria.

36. Alcedo ispidoides.

37. Alcyone lessoni.

38. Halcyon sanctiis.

39. Syma torotoro.

40. Lorius hypoenochrous.

41. Cyclopsittacus virago (*).

42. Loriculus anrantiifrons

meeki (»).

43. Nasiteraa pusio (?).

44. Geoffroyus aruen.sis.

45. Eclectns pectoralis.

46. Cacatua triton trobti-

andi (?).

47. Ninox goldiei.

48. Astur etorques.

49. A. poliocephalus.

50. Baza reinwardti.

51. Ilaliastur indus girrenera.

52. MilvTjs migrans affini.";.

53. Carjiophaga salvadorii.

54. C. zoeae.

65. Reinwardtoenas reinwardti

griscotincta.

56. Ptilopus zonurus.

57. P. lewisi vicinus (•).

58. Macropygia doreya cine-

reioeps.

59. Chalcopliaps stepbani.

60. Ch. chrysochlora.

61. Hquatarola helvetica.

62. Tetanus hriwleucus.

63. Tadorna radjah.

Egum.

Halcyon sanro-

pliagus.
H. soiilidus colo-

nus (*).
Pandion haliaetus
leucocephalus.
Carpophaga van-

wycki.
Caloenas nico-
barica.
Ptilopus stro-
phium.
, Micranous Icuco-
capillu«.

( 252 )

ON SOME SPECIES IN A SMALL COLLECTION MADE ON THE OWEN
STANLEY MOUNTAINS IN THE KAIARI AND ORIORI DISTRICTS
BETWEEN MOUNTS ALEX^VNDER AND NISBET IN JANUARY 1896.

1. Manucodia orientalis Sahad.

I have received several Manucodia lioiii S.K. New Guinea, which belong un-
doubtedly to M. orientalis. This form has recently {Ann. Mils. Civ. XXXYI. \i. KiS,
1890) been separated from M. chahjheata; but Dr. A. B. Jleyer had already, on
two occasions, noticed .some differences between North-Westeni and Soutli-Kastern
M. chalyheata.

I am .sorry to say I have no material of the true M. chaiybeata worth speaking of,
but have no doubt that M. oi-ientalis is merely a subspecies of it. W. R.

2. Astrarchia stephaniae Fin.sch.
'• Eye dark brown; bill deep lirown ; feet dark grey." Some shot 600U feet high.
" Live on fruits and insects." ^^ • R-

3. Epimaclius meyeri Uinsch.
6500 and 6000 feet high. " Iris bright blue in both sexes; bill black ; feet very
dark grey." Native name " Dadai." In moult in January. W. R.

4. Drepanornis albertisii cervinicauda Scl.
In moult.

5. Parotia lawesi Rams.
Both sexes, some in moult. " Eye yellow, blue-black ball ; feet and beak black."

W. R.

0. Phonygama purpui-eoviolacea Meyer.
Partly moulting in January. The iris is described as " pink," and on another
label as " "dark yellow." " W. R.

7. Loria loriae Sahad.

A magnificent male was procured on the " Sakeytanumu range, Kaiari district,"
6900 feet high, on January 1st, 1896. The native name is given as " Kunukupaiva,"
the iris as brown, feet as dark green, bill as black. " Lives on fruit." This male
agrees very well with De Vis' description, but less with the figure in the Ibis, which
does not show the brilliant colours.

There is no doubt, I think now, that L. loriae and Cnemophihcs marine are
identical. As Salvadori"s name was published first, his name must stand. I also
agree with him that Sclater's note in the Ibis, saying that the females of some allied
species were very similar, was not justified, since, on the contrary, in several instances,
we find the females to differ more obviously than the males.

As mentioned before (see ante<\, p. LI), I have a skin of this bird which came
with other trade-skins, and, to judge from the prei)aration, must have come from some
part of North- Western New Guinea. It has the wing slightly more greenish than
the type (which Mr. Hartert examined when it was in England for being drawn for
the Ibi.f'), but it does not differ at all from the bird now received from the mountains
of S.l',. New Guinea. W. R.

( 2.53 )

8. Amblyoruis subalaris ^harpe.
In moult. " Eye brown, lilack ball."

9. Pomareopsis bruijni (Salvad.).

We have now also received feiiinJes of this rare bird, while formerly we had onlv
males.

Antea, p. 14, I omitted to give my reasons for adopting the generic name
Pomareopsis. It was done because I was not convinced that this bird is a true
GralUna. The tarsus, which is very strongly scutellated in the Australian Orallina,
is covered by one lamina, only showing some more or less indistinct divhsions at the
lower end. The wing is distinctly more pointed in Orallina. The feathering on
the rump is fuller and richer in Pomareopsis. The sexes differ remarkably in the
colour of the under parts. E. H.

10. Peltops blainvillei (Less. & Garn.).
A 0.VC from Oriori. Mr. de ^'is, in a " lieport on Ornithological Collections "
written in June 1894 (date of publication not exactly known to me), "proposes" to
separate some birds he received from British New Guinea as P. minor. Salvadori, in
an article in the Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, Vol. XVL, of which he most kindly sent
separate copies to his friends, says that he thinks specimens from S.E. New Guinea
cannot be separated. The question is, whether De Vis' specimens belong to the same
form as those of Salvadori ? In reading De "\'is' remarks it seems to me that he had
immature birds, which he tried to separate from old ones, but that he did not comjiare
birds from S.E. New Guinea with those from other jmrts of New Guinea. A curious
fact is that De Vis says his birds are smaller than usual, while Salvadori's were larger !
In fact our birds (we have several more from S.E. New Guinea) ai-e also averaging a
little larger than those from Dutch New Guinea, but some of the latter are just as
large. De A'is' measurement of the wings is 92 mm., while our above-named old
S.E. New Guinea specimens have the wing in the male 112, in the female 107 mm.
The iris Anthony describes as " rose-colour " ; bill and feet black. De Vis speaks of
the " crimson of the back " being " more or less mixed with black-centred, white-edged
feathers " ; but the back in P. hlainviUei is never crimson, but lilack, the rump and
upper tail-coverts only being red above. Probably De Vis' expression was incorrect,
for if his birds really had crimson hacl's he would have emphasised that fact, I should
say. E. 11.

11. Microeca flavovirescens Gray.
Oriori. In no way distinguishable from one collected by Guillemard in .lobi
Island. E. H.

12. Poecilodiyas albifacies Sharpe.
Oriori. ? . " Iris dark grey ; feet bright yellow." De Vis' Monachdla viridis is
undoubtedly tliis species. E H.

13. Monarcha periophthalmicus Sharpe.
Oriori. The young bird, as already mentioned by Meyer, Zeilsclir. f. ges. Oni.
III. p. 15, has the occipmt and nape longitudinally spotted with Mack. I'". II.

( 254 )

U. Arses henkei A. 15. Meyer.
Both sexes from Mount Victoria, Sogere, and Oriori. Tliese birds are distinct
enough from A. teleoscophthalmits, but I have none from Aru to compare, with which
Shai-pe and Salvador! formerly united the S.E. New Guinea bird that Meyer named
A. henkei. (Zeitsckr.f. ges. Orn. III. p. 16, pi. iii.) E. H.

15. Ptilotis polygramma (Gray).
Oriori district. Dr. A. F>. Meyer, ZeUschr. f. ges. Orn. III. p. 24, speaks of
some apparent differences of Soutli-Eastern specimens from such of North-Westem
New (iuinea. Salvadori declares he cannot find differences. I have no material for
comparison at present. E pj

10. Ptilotis visi llartert.
Two from Oriori, confirming the notes of myself (aw^w, p. 15) and of Mr. Grant
in the Ibis, 1896, p. 251. E. H.

17. Lorius erythrothorax Salvad.

One skin only, shot on January 16th in the Oriori district. It is marked ? , and
I believe it to be immature. The hind-neck is more green than bhie, the feathers
being green with deep blue edges ; the feathers of the interscaimiium are green with
broad dark blood-red borders. A purpUsh blue band across the crop-region (often
indicated in L. enfthrothorax); the abdomen mixed puqilish bhie and green, the basal
parts of the feathers being green. The under wing-coverts red, mixed with green and
with a little blue. The tail, seen from above, is green at base, then red, the tip
purplish blue ; between the puii^lish blue tip and the red band is a green area, often
confined to the inner webs. In Professor :Mivart's wonderfully illustrated Monograjjh
of the Lories, p. 52, the tail is described wrong, as he evidently forgot to look under
the U])per tail-coverts.

Dr. A. B. Meyer described a L. salvadoril from Astrolabe Bay, German New
Guinea, which differs from L. erythrothorax in its blue under wing-coverts. I have
one before me from Simbang, German New Guinea, collected by Capts. \\'cbster and
Cotton, which has the under wing-coverts blue, slightly intermixed with red ! Another
skin from the same place is a typical L. erythrothorax, but there are a few blue tips
to the red under wing-coverts, a character also visible in a supposed skin of
L. erythrothorax from an uncertain locality in the Tring Museum.

I have no doubt that L. salvadorii, and perhaps also L. rubiensis, will be no
more than subspecies when more material has come to hand. E. H.

" Iris dark brown."
" Iris yellow."

It^. Cyclopsitta suavissima Scl.
1!'. Trichoglossus massena Bp.

20. Eos fuscata Blyth.
A male and a. female, February. The male is very red, the female in a transition
from the yellow to tlie red phase. " Iris of both sexes'yellow." Dr. A. B. .Meyer has,
in the Zeitschr.f. d. ges. Orn., 1886, p. 6, separated the S.E. New Guinea form from

( 255 )

that inhabiting North-Western New Guinea, naming it Eos incmidita. Salvadori, in
the Cat. B., has not recognised that form as distinct, and it seems to me impossible
to maintain it, there being a great deal of variation in this species, even among
individuals from the same countries. E. H.

21. Psittacella madaraszi j\leyer.
One male, January, Oriori district, 3U00 feet. " Iris pink." Wing 94 mm.

22. Psittacella brehmi pallida Meyer.
K female from Oriori is like females of Ps. hrehmi typica from Arfak, but the
throat and the sides of the head are paler and more greenish. (See azalea, p. 18.)

E. H.

23. Microdynamis parva (Salvad.).
An adult male, Oriori, January 20th, 1890. " Iris dark brown ; feet dark grey;
bill black." This is, I believe, the first adult male of this rare bird which reached
England. E. H.

B

A FEW ADDITIONS TO FOEMER NOTES.

By EfiNST HARTEET.

1.

Y an unfortunate mistake I left out of the list of birds collected by Mr. Everett
in South Celebes a most interesting species : —

Malia grata Schleg.

A scries of this bird was collected on Bonthain Peak at elevations of about
COOO feet. However, it is not only that a new locality is added for tliis rare sjiecies,
but I think that our specimens prove that Malia recondiia Mey. & Wiglesw.,
described Abh. unci Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1894-95, No. 4, p. 1, is no species. It was
described without comparing the only known specimen from South Celebes,
merely judging from the descriptions of Schlegel (Not. Leyden JUiis. II. p. 1(15 and
VI. p. 175). No doubt, I think, Schlegel had a moulting or somewhat imperfect
specimen, or his description, and specially his measurements, are incorrect, for our
South Celebes specimens agree exactly with the one described by Mej'er &
Wiglesworth as M. recondita.

The [ffincipal differences of J/, recondita are said to be : —

(1) Tarsus shorter (46 mm.), with seven scutellae in front, while tliere are eleven
scutellae in the type of J/, grata. Om- Bonthain specimens have from eight to only
four or five distinct scutellae, the upper ones being entirely fused in some. I know
several instances where the young bird has more scutellae than the old one, as they
fuse with age. Therefore this is not a good character. My tarsus-measurements give
me 42 to 46.

(2) Sixth primary longest, fifth and .-eventh eipial and one millimeke shorter

( 256 )

than sixth, while in .1/. r/rata the fifth is longest, the sixth nearly as long as the fifth,
the seventh 4'5 mm. shorter. In my specimens the fifth anri si.xth are equal, the
seventh hardly 1 mm. shorter. A little aberration would soon alter this proportion.

(3) Bill 1 mm. longer from the forehead. My birds vary for 1 mm. in the length
of their bills, besides that the bill-measurements of diflferent ornithologists often vary
for a millimetre, more so those from the angle of the mouth.

(4) Wing 3i mm. longer. My wings measure 138 to 141 mm.

(5) Some slight differences in colour, which, taken from the comparison of the
description of one M. grata and one specimen of the supposed M. recondita, I do not
consider important.

I am glad to say Dr. A. B. Meyer has kindly informed me, in litt., that he does
not consider M. recondita different any more, and that we thus agree on this point.

The sexes do not differ, except very slightly in size. I cannot give the exact
measurements, as my females have abraded wings and tails. Tarsus of female 3 to
4 mm. shorter.

2.

Of Dicaewn splendidum (see p. 167) specimens were aUo collected in Saleyer.
The occarrence in Celebes is therefore much more probable. The list of Saleyer birds
thus reaches No. 41.

Ante'!, p. 18, a specimen of Falco severus Horsf. was mentioned without alluding
to the feet that JNIeyer & Wiglesworth had separated the New Guinea form as
Falco severus papuanus in Abh. und Ber. Mtts. Dresden, 1892-93, No. 3, p. 6.

I have now, since I found that description, compared our New Guinea specimen
with skins from Darjiling, Java, Mindoro, and one from Lotta in North Celebes (the
latter in poor condition), and the only difference I can see is the more uniform and
blacker colom- of the central rectrices above in the New Guinea skin.

Those from Ceylon (one) and from Darjiling (one) are a little paler on the back
and rump than the one from New Guinea, but the two from ]\Iindoro and the one
from Celebes are, except on the tail, equally black above. The one from Celebes has
no central rectrices. A critical and detailed article on the local forms of Falco severus
is promised by Dr. Meyer.

( 2.17 )

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FINCH FROM THE WEST

INDIES.

By ERNST IIARTERT.

Melopyrrha taylori sp. nov.

Speciei M. nigra dictae similis sed major, J nitore metallico minuto. Long,
tot. cr. 145 ; al. 70—72 {M. nigra, 64— fi6) ; caud. 65— (i8 (.V. nigra, 53—54) ;
culm. 14 — 15 (i/. nigra, 12); tars. 17 — 18 mm.

Hah. Grand Cayman.

This species resembles M. 'nigra of Cuba, but is det^idedly larger, and has
much less of the metallic bluish green steel-gloss of M. nigra. A fine series was
collected on Grand Cayman by ^Ir. C. B. Taylor of Jamaica, to whom I dedicate this
species. Cory and others have already recorded this bird from Cayman, and it is to
be wondered that they did not separate it from the Cuba form, as they described some
species from Cayman wliieh are hardly more distinct than this, and as our American
friends cannot, as a rule, be blamed with " lamping." The adult female is strongly
washed with brownish grey and without gloss. Young birds of both sexes are ashy
brown. I do not think the genus Melopyrrha can be upheld, but I use it for the
present, without being able to go critically into the question.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GYAN0P8 FROM NORTH

CACHAR.

By E. C. STUART BAKER, F.Z.S.

MANY years ago, when writing an article on certain of the barbets to the Bengal
sporting paper the Asian, I drew attention to the fact that certain birds of
this genus in North Cachar were coloured very remarkably. At that time I considered
these birds to be merely abnormally coloured specimens of C. asiatica, but a further
study of the subject and a better knowledge of their distribution have con\inced me
that these liirds belong to a separate species. I propose to name this barbet Cyanops
rubescens, its principal characteristic being the predominance of red tints in its
plumage.

Description of tlie type-specimen : Nasal feathers black ; forehead crimson, a
narrow vertical line dull golden yellow, succeeded by another line of black, which
extends on either side down the sides of the occiput, gradually widening as it reaches
the nape; whole nape and hind crown crimson, chunging graihiaUi) into the colour
of the hack ; supercilium, lores, ear-coverts, chin, and throat blue, as in U. asiatica ;
a small crimson speck at the gape ; upper back, scapulars, and inner secondaries grass-
green, broadly margined with dark bright maroon-red ; remainiler of wing coloured
like that of C. asiatica; lower back and rump brighter grass-green; upper tail-

( 258 )

coverts the same, bordered with maroon ; tail, upper surface green, lower aspect blue.
A large crimson patch below the blue of the throat, not clearly defined but encroach-
ing on the breast ; remainder of lower surface bright yellowish grass-green— far more
tinged with yellow and of a much brighter tint than are the same parts in C. asiutica —
much smeared and splashed with brilliant scarlet crimson, particularly so on the
breast and under tail-coverts. Bill greenish yellow, base of maxilla aud basal half of
culmen almost black ; gonys darker green ; irides dark brown ; orbital skin dull
orange ; legs dull dirty green, claws almost black.

Length alx)ut 8."5 ; wing 3."75 — 3."85 ; tail 2. "5 ; bill from gape l."24. In addi-
tion to the difterences in coloration, this bird seems to be decidedly .smaller than
C. asiatica, with a proportionately longer bill.

I give comparative measurements of my proposed 0. riibescens and four G. asiaiica
taken from the same district : —

C. ruheseens.

C. atiatica.

Average.

I.

2.

3.

4.

Culmen along curve .

I."l

O."90

0."96

()."M5

o."yi

0."93

Ditto straight

0."95

0."79

0."88

o."8r,

0."8

0."84

Commissure from gape

I. "27

l."16

1."1G

l."27

l."19

l."21

Wing ....

3."78

4."2

4."2

4."1B

4."

4."14

Tail ....

2."o

2."87

3."26

2."06

2."86

2."99

This species seems to be confined to the very highest ranges in the east of
the Cachar hills, not descending below 3500 feet, below which it is replaced by
C. asiatica.

In the Asian I mentioned the fact that I liad obtained .specimens intemiediate
between C. asiatica and C. nibescens, but further investigation has shown me that
such are merely young birds of the latter species, and I have no fully adult birds
which are not easily assignable to the one or the other. Moreover the habitat of the
species is different. C. asiatica does not ascend above 4000 feet, and is not often
found much over 3000 ; whereas G. rubescens is a bird of lofty elevation, seldom
occurring below 4000, and never, I believe, below 3500 feet.

]?lanford (Fauna of B. I. Binh, Vol. III.) says : " Males from the Cachar hills
are said to have the mantle-feathers and upper tail-coverts tipped with maroon, and
the under tail-coverts splashed with vermilion." I wrote to him about this, and in
the answer which he kindly sent to me he says that his remark was made on the
strength of what I wrote in my article in the Asian above referred to.

The type-specimen of this species is now in (he lion. \V. Rothschild's Jluseum
at Tring.

( 259 )

DESCEIPTION D'UNE NOUVELLE ESPECE DE LA
FAMILLE DES TBOCHILIDAE.

Par E. SIMON.

Thalurania balzani sp. nov.

AT. nigrofasciata Gould, cui valde affinis et subsimilis est, tantum differt
niagnitudine minore, capite supra obscure cupreo-viridi minus iiigricanti,
corpore subtus parte viridi baud nigro-cincta, parte cyanea distinctius violaceo-tincta
et imprimis suhcaudalibus omnino alhis.

Le Thalurania balznni E. Sim., tres voisin du T. nigrofasciata Gould, s'en
distingue a premi&re vue, comme de tous les autres Thalurania, par ses sous-caudales
entierement blanches.

Le dessous du corps est analogue ;i celui de T. nigrofasciata, si ce n' est que la
partie verte, arrondie en arrifere, est un peu moins prolongde sur la poitrine et non
entour(5e d'une bande noire et que la partie bleue est plus fortement teint^e de violet
quelle ne Test generalement (mais non toujom's) dans I'autre espece.

En dessus les plumes de la tete sont d'un vert cuivreux sombre, moins noin'itre.
Le dessus du corps et la queue sont semblables dans les deux espfeces ; les rectrices
extemes de T. halzani sont peut-etre un peu plus dtroites que celles de T. nigro-
fasciata ; le bee est relativement un peu plus long et la taille de I'oiseau un pen
plus faible.

Trois .specimens (deux dans ma collection, le troisieme dans celle de Mr.
Rothschild a Tring) m'ont 6te envoyijs des Yungas de Bolivie, par "SI. le Dr. Balzan,
professeur a I'universite d' Asuncion.

J'ai pensii un instant que ce Thalurania pouvait etre le T.jelskii Tacz., decou-
vert i"i Soriano (Perou) par JeLski, mais la description de Taczanowski indique
plusieurs differences: on y lit en effet,* "gorge jusqu'a I'epigastre squamuleuse d'un
vert clair sans reflet jauniltre propre a I'oiseau precedent " (T. nigrofasciata) ; et plus
loin, " sous-caudales d'un noir bleuatre bordces de blanc " ; tandis que chez T. halzani
le vert de la gorge est le meme que celui de T. nigrofasciata et que les sous-caudales
sont entierement blanches.

D' autre part Elliot, qui a pu etudier le type du T. jelskii, Tacz., dit que cet
oiseau ne diflfere absolument de T. nigrofasciata que par la taille un peu moindre.f
sans tenir compte du caractere des sous-caudales indiqu(5 par Taczanowski. t

* Ornithohiijiv du Ptrmt, p. 29.5.

t Voici au reste ce qu'en dit Elliot clans son Sijnopsii, p. lol : " Tliis {T.jelshii) is a iliminutive o£ tlic
T. nigro/axciiita ; and there is absolutely no difference between the two except in size. T compared the
typo with specimens of nigrofasciata, and could distinguish no difference, save that the T.jr!.ikii was a
little smaller."

X D'apr^s Taczanowski le T.jelskii diffcrerait surtout du nigrofasciata par ses sous-caudales noires
et frangies de blanc, t,indis que dans I'autre espice elles sont entiirement noires.

( 2U0 )

ON THE EXTINCT BIRDS OF THE CHATHA:\r ISLANDS.

Part II.— THK OSTEOLOGY OF PALAEOLIMXAS CUATHAMENSIS
AND NESOLIMNAS (Gkx. Now) DIEFFEXDA rillL

By C. W. ANDREWS, F.G.S.

(Plates IX. and X.)

Q1IXCE tlip publication of the first part of this paper (antea, pp. 73-84), dealing
^ with the osteology of Diaphorapteryx hmvkinsi, there has appeared a memoir
by Professor A. Milne-Edwards,* containing descriptions both of that bird 'and also of
I'ahteolimnas {Fuiica) chathamensis Forbes, a large e.xtinct coot. As the title
implies, questions of geographical distribution are largely dealt with, but the structure
and affinities of the two species just named are al.so considered in some detail, and
numerous figures of various portions of their skeletons are given. Unfortunately the
material at the author's command was far from perfect, and in one instance a serious
error has resulted, the pelvis figured (PL XI., fig. 7, and PI. XII., figs. 1, 2) as that
of Diaphorapteryx being quite unlike it, but, judging from the figures, belonging to
some Anserine bird. The actual pelvis o{ Diaphorapteryx is shown in figs. 1, 2, and .3
of PI. IX. of the present pa})er.

On the question of the geographical distribution of these flightless birds Professor
Milne-Edwards arrives at different conclusions from those expressed in Part I. lie
apparently regards such forms as capable of supplying evidence as to the former distri-
bution of land and water as valuable as that derivable from mammals and batrachians,
and considers that the presence of similar types of such birds on two land-areas
remote from one another implies a former land-connection between them. From this
point of view, however, it seems that a sharp distinction should be drawn between
birds which, except for the reduction of their wings and sternum, are true Cannatcie,
and are easily referable to their systematic position in that group, such as Didus and
C'lieraiornis, and those flightless forms included in the Ratitae, which, leaving
entirely out of account their wing-reduction, present numerous primitive characters
which render it, at least, highly probable that they reached thr>ir present degenerate con-
dition a very long while ago. Only the latter of these two divisions appears to be of
value in questions of ancient geography, since, as alreadv pointed out, the presence
of members of the former class on i.-^hands is capable of explanation without the aid of
land-connections. Thus, if any close affinity is proved to exist between the Aepym~)vl-
thidae, Caauariidae, and Dinornithidae, it might be regarded as strong evidence that
the lands they now inhabit were once united; while, on the other hand, in the case
of the existence of such similar forms as Aphawvpteryx and Diaphorapteryx, in
Mauritius and the Chatham Islands respectively, we are probably dealing with
parallel modifications of recent date.

* " Sur Ics Eesscmblanoes qui existent entre la Kaune elcs lies llascaroigne.i et celle de certaincs lies
dc rOcean Pacifiquc Australe," ^JWiofcs des Sciences NahireUes (Zoology), Ser. VIII., Tom. II. (18!l(i), p. 117,
ri9. XI.— XV.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES IX. AND X.

Plate IX.

Biaph(/raptei-yx haivki'iisi.
Figure 1. Pelvis from side.
„ 2. ,. „ below.
„ 3 above.

Palaeolimnas chathaviensis.
Figure 4. Skull from above.

5. „ and mandible from side.

0. „ from above (specimen in whicb the supra-orbital depressions
are only slightly marked).

7. Pelvis from above.

8. ,, from side.

9. Coracoid anterior surface.
., 1(1. ,, po.sterior surface.

(All the figures three-fourths natural size.)

Plate X.

Palaeolimnaa chathamensis.
Figure 1. Sternum from side.
„ 2. „ from below.

(Three-fourths natural size.)

Nesolimnas dieffenhachii.
Figure 3. Skull from side.

4. „ from above.

5. Sternum from below.

6. ,, from side.

7. Coracoid from front.
., 8. Furculum.

,, 9. Humerus.

,, U). Pelvis from above.

„ 11. ,, from side.

„ 12. P'emur from front.

„ 13. Tibio-tarsus from front.

„ 14. Tarso-metatarsus from front.

„ 1.5. ,, ., from bpiiind.
(Natural size.)

I

\

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC^E Voi, . Ill . 189G .

Pl.IX,

i

.^

JQreon del.et UtK

^ MaturaJ Size

Figs.l S.DIAPHORAPTERYX HAWKINSI
Figs. ■!• 10- PAX.AEOLIMNAS CKATHAMENSIS .

MiivtornBros ivnp.

1

!fe-

:)•

NOVITATES ZoOLOGIC^ VolIU 1836.

Pi^.X.

J Green d»l.et liLh

Figs. 1-2 .PALAEOLIMNAS CHATHAMENSIS . ^Natural Sue
Fags. 3-15. J^IESOI^IMNAS DIEFFENBACHI Nalui-al Sue

22 a£p 1

896

( -'61 )

OSTEOLOGY OF PALAEOLIMNAS CHATIIAMENSIS Forkes.

In the large collection of fossil bird-remains from the Chatham Islands at the
Tring Museum bones of a large coot are very numerous. The credit of first drawing
attention to this extinct form is due to Dr. H. O. Forbes,* by whom it was regarded
as indistinguishable from Fidica newtoni of Mauritius. The same author also
recorded t the presence in these deposits of a second larger form, to which he gave the
name Fulica chathameiisis. Subsequently he pointed out a number of cranial
characters distinguishing these fossils from recent species of Fulica, and he therefore
established a new genus, Palaeolitnnas,\ for their reception. Jlilne-Edwards, in the
memoir above mentioned, accepts this generic separation of the Chatham Island coots,
but considers that there is only one species, the differences in size being merely due
to individual variation, a conclusion fully confirmed by examination of the very large
series of specimens at Tring. The same author has also pointed out a number of
characters by which the Chatham Island bird is distinguished from F. neuionl, and
Forbes' second name, Palaeolimnas chathamensis, is therefore adopted. §

Although many portions of the skeleton of this bird have already been figured
and described by Milne-Edwards, it does not seem necessary for that reason to omit
all account of such an interesting form from the present paper, especially since the
opportunity of examining a nearly perfect individual skeleton will enable me to
supplement the previous description to a considerable extent.

The skull (PI. IX., figs. 4, 5, 6). — The skull of Palaeolimnas is on the whole
extremely similar to that of recent species of Fulica, the chief differences pointed
out by Forbes and ]Milne-Edwards being — (1) the great antero-posterior curvature
of its upper surface; (2) the large size of the supraorbital impressions; (3) the
inflation of the frontal region. Ajiavt from tliese main differences, there are, how-
ever, a number of less obvious ones, some of which may now he referred to. In
Palaeolimnas the occipital surface is considerably wider, and, owing to the greater
development of the lambdoidal ridge, is better defined than in Fulica atra or
F. crlstata. iloreover the paroccipital processes are larger, and there is a well-marked
supra-foraminal ridge ; on the other hand, the occipital crest is less developed than
in the recent forms, and the foramen 'magnum is wider in proportion to its height.
Looking at the skull from above (fig. 4), it will be seen that the convexities in the
parietal region caused by the cerebral hemispheres are considerably less prominent
than in Fidica atra; but the most remarkable feature is the bevelling away of the
orbital margins, apparently caused by the large size of the supraorbital glands. As
Milne-Edwards has stated, the two impressions meet in the median lino between the
orbits like the sides of a roof. In many instances the actual crest of the ridge has
a narrow groove running along it and extending to the anterior end of the frontals ;
this is apparently the remnant of the frontal suture. Although this arrangement
seems to be the usual one, there is a very considerable range of variation in the
degree of development of the glandular impressions, and if (be extremes of the series
only were known, the different types of skull might well be referred to distinct

* .\ature. Vol. XLVI. (1S92), p. 252.

t Lac. clt.

i Ibis (IS93), 1). 5J4.

§ Kemains oE a large extinct coot, nearly equal in size to the present species, have been discovered
by Hamilton in a fissure in tlie limestone at Castle Rucks, Soutlilanil, New Zealand. This species (fulica
prisca Hamilton) is probably identical witli, or very similar to the present Torm.

( 202 )

species. A skull in which (he impressions are feebl}' developed and sepaiaLed in the
middle line by a considerable interval is shown on PI. IX., fig. 6.

In Fulica cristata there is scarcely a trace of these supraorbital impressions, and
the interorbital region of the frontals is concave from .side to side ; in F. alra, on the
other hand, the margins of the orbits are distinctly bevelled off, and the interorbital
portion of the frontals is thereby narrowed. In both these birds the frontals are
somewhat inflated and filled with fine diploe, but to the greatest extent in F. atra,
which, both in this respect and in the bevelling awaj' of the margins of the orbits,
comes midway between F. cristata and Palaeolimnas.

In the view of the skull from the side (fig. 5) it will be seen that the temporal
fossa is both larger and more sharply defined than in Fidlca, and the postorbital
jsrocesses are also better developed. The curvature and depth of the frontal bones
which results from the thickening and lateral compression they have undergone
is also well shown. The interorbital septum is precisely like that oi Falica.

The beak is identical in structure with that of the recent coots, but seems to
have been directed somewhat more downwards; its upper surface near the junction
with the frontals is roughened, as if for the attachment of the base of the frontal
shield.

Seen from below the skull differs from that of Fulica in the form of the basi-
temporal platform, which is here slightly concave from side to side, instead of being
flat, or even a little convex. In the palate the only differences observable are that
the maxillo-palatine plates are relatively rather larger, and for a short distance are
in contact below the vomer.

The mandible (fig. 5) closely resembles that of the common coot, but the
posterior angular process is a little more prominent, and the upper surface of the
internal angular process bears a larger pneumatic foramen.

The dimensions of the skull and mandible are :—

Total length of skuU »

Length of beak

Length of uarial opening .
Width at paroccipital processes .
Width at postorbital processes .
Width of interorbital region of frontals
Total length of mandible .
Length of mandibular symphysis

Palacolimnas.

Fulica atra.

F. crUinta,

A.

B.

77

77

65 mm.

62 mm.

51

51

38 „

38 „

25

25

18 „

18 ,.

23

22

18 ..

20 „

28

29

24 ..

25 .,

9

11

S ..

10 „

73

■>n ..

55 „

10

—

10 .,

8 „

Only twelve cervical vertebrae (with fused ribs) are preserved in the skeleton
here described, but two, probably the eighth and ninth, seem to be wanting, bringing
the total up to fourteen, as in most specimens oi Fulica ; and except that the ridges
and processes are better developed in Palaeolimaas, there is no im[)ortant difference
to be noted between the vertebrae in the two genera. The dorsal region in the
present specimen is also imperfect : probably it consisted of a single cervi co-dorsal
and seven free dorsals. The length of the centrum in one of the anterior dorsals
is 10 mm., in one farther back 12 mm.

The ribs are relatively much thicker than in Fulica,. The sternum (PI. X.,
figs. 1 and 2) is on the whole very similar to that of Fulica atra, but differs from it
in several particulars; for example, the spi^m externa is rather broader and more

* Taken from the occipital condyle to the tip of the beak. Specimen A is that Ijclonging to the
complete skeleton, and is figured on I'l. IX., figs. 4 and 5. Specimen B is figured I'l. IX., fig. 6.

( 203 )

prominent, and the antero-lateral processes are relatively larger. INIoreover the keel
has undergone considerable reduction, its height being to the length of the sternum
in the middle line as 15 to 100, while in F. atra and F. cristata the proportions are
as 25 and 23 to 100 respectively. The inferior border of the keel is straighter, and,
in some specimens, it dies away somewhat farther in front of the posterior extremity
of the sternum than in the recent forms. The xiphoid processes are rather broader
and the lateral notches are frequently unsymmetrical.

From the sternum of F. neivtoni as figured by Newton & Gadow * our
specimen differs in (1) its undivided prominent spina externa with a sharp
ventral ridge (as in F. atra) ; (2) in the greater reduction of the keel. On the
other hand, in the straightness of the lower edge of the keel the two resemble one
another.

In the specimen figured there are five pairs of articulations for sternal ribs, but
in others there are six, the small additional pair being anterior to the others, on the
side of the antero-lateral processes. The coracoid grooves are a little more widely
separated from one another than in F. atra.

In the following table the dimensions (in millimetres) of three sterna of Palaeo-
limnas, together with those of Fulica atra and F. cristata, are given : — -

Palaeolimnas.

K atra.

i^ crUtafa.

A.

B.

C.

Wiilth between the ends of the antero-

lateral processes

43

41

43

31

31

Width at narrowest point ....

27

2U

27

21

20

Extreme length (from ftjfhui cxtirna to end

of xiphoid process) ....

93

84(?)

87{;)

75

75

Length in middle line (^spitia externa

included)

80

77

78

67

65

Height of keel

12

1.5

13

17

15

Specimen A is the one figured on PL X., figs. 1 and 2. It will be seen that
although in most of its dimensions it is the largest of the three, its keel is the least
developed.

The coracoid (PL IX., figs. 9, 10) differs from that of F. atra, in possessing a
stouter shaft and a more prominent hyosterual process (j^^'O^^^sus lateralis) ; the
clavicular process also is relatively rather larger. The dimensions of the figured
specimen are : length, 48 mm. ; width of lower extremity, 22 mm.

The scapula is wider in the blade than in F. atra, but is otherwise similai'.
The dimensions of the scapula associated with the figui'ed coracoid are : length,
78 mm. ; width of proximal end, 13 mm. ; width at the middle of the blade, 6 mm.
In a scapula of F. atra the corresponding measurements are 60, 11, and 3-5 mm. ;
and in one of F. cristata 64, 11, and 4.

As far as one can judge from the disarticulated bones, the coraco-scapular
angle was about the same as in Fulica.

The fwrculum is closely similar to that of F. cristata, but the arms are some-
what thicker in proportion to their length, a somewhat remarkable point, since
reduction in this part of the skeleton usually accompanies a decrease in the power
of flight. The extreme length of each clavicle is 49 mm.

The humencs, and indeed the whole of the wing-bones, are considerably

'"On Additional Bones of the Dodo and other Kxtinct Birds of Slaiu-itius," Tram. Zmtl. Soc,
Vol. Xlll., p. 21)2, PI. XXXV., figs. 5-7.

( 2fi4 )

shorter in proportiou to the bulk of the body than in recent coots, although in
other respects they closely resemble the corresponding bones of those birds. Pro-
fessor Milne-Edwards has pointed out that the humerus differs from that of recent
species of Fidica in [wssessing a much larger and, especially, wider subtrochanteric
fossa, a longer pectoral crest, and a more prominent inner trochanter. It may be
added that the shaft of the bone is stouter in proportion to its length, the bicipital
surface (intumescentia processus medialis humen of Fiirbringer) smaller and less
prominent, the median epicondyle larger, and the surface for the hrachiidis antlcus
deeper than in the humerus of recent coots. To the corresponding bone of F.
newtoni there seems to be greater likeness; but in that species also, the subtro-
chanteric fossa, and in fact the whole upper end of the bone, appear to be relatively
narrower. The surface for the insertion of the jjectwaiis major is deep and rough,
and that muscle must have been a very powerful one.

The radius and idna differ from those of Fidica merely in being considerably
thicker in proportion to their length.

The riietficarpus is also much stouter than in the recent forms, and the various
grooves and tubercles for the passage or insertion of tendons are more strongly
marked.

The dimensions of the wing-bones in the skeleton described are : —

Palaeolimnas.

HumeTVH :

Length

Width of upper end ....

„ lower end ....

,, middle o£ shaft .

Length

Ulna :

Length

Mrtarnrpnx :

Length

Width ot upper end ....
„ middle of second metacarpal

9.5 mm.

'20 .,

li r

7 „

74 „

80 „

51 „

II .,

4-5,.

F. atra.

80 mm.

15 .,

11 „

6 ,■

67 „

71 „

42 „
8 „
3-5,.

.fl cristata.

78 mm.
16 „
11 .,

5 »

61 „

42 ..
9 ,.
3 .,

The pelvis (PI. IX., figs. 7 and 8) differs from that of Fulica in unimportant
detaUs only. As in that genus, the pre- and post-acetabular regions are of nearly
equal length, and the pre-acetabular portions of the ilia join the crests of the neural
spines of the " sacral " vertebrae for a short distance anteriorlj' and posteriorly only,
while in the middle they are narrowed and leave the ileo-neural canal oj)en. Ac-
cording to Milne-Edwards, the anterior iUac fossae are larger than in Fidica newtoni.
The post-acetabular ilia, together with the sacral vertebrae, form a pelvic
escutcheon closely similar to that seen in F. atra, but according to Milne-Edwards
relatively more extensive than in F. newtmii. In the great prominence of the pro-
cesses overhanging the ischio-femoral surface there is a great likeness to the pelvis
of 1 . cristata, but the ilia do not narrow so abruptly behind these processes as in
that species. Posteriorly the ilia extend farther beyond the last fused caudal than
in F. atra ; in this region their inner borders are straight and nearly parallel to
one another, and the Sfjace between them is very narrow. The ischiadic foramen
is relatively larger, more oval, and its long axis directed more obliquely downward
and backward than in F. newtoni and the other si)ecies examined. Posteriorly the
ischium bears a long outwardly directed process, the distal end of which doubtless
touched the pubis, but iu all the specimens that element is imperfect. The

( 265 )

pectineal tubercle is short and blunt; immediately anterior to it is a very well
marked depression in the ilium.

lu the specimen figured the most anterior of the fused vertebrae constituting
the sacrum bears a cajiitular facet for a fused rib. Behind this are four vertebrae
which unite with the ilium by their broad parapophyses. Immediately behind the
acetabulum is a single pair of sacral ribs, forming a thin buttress-like division
between the anterior and posterior renal fossae. The latter, as in other rails, is con-
tinued backward as a deep pocket-Hke depression, floored by the ilia, which are here
supported by four caudal vertebrae with very wide transverse processes.

The dimensions of the pelvis in millimetres are : —

Extreme length of the ilium
Width at antitrochanters .
Least pre-acetabiilar width (at middle

iliac fossae)

Length of sacrum ....

of

Palaeol

imnatt.

A. 1

B.

109 1

110

H7

33

l(i

l(i

92

100

F. newtanU i F. cristata. F. atra.

90
29

13
84 (?)

7S
26

U
71

13
69

Specimen A is that figured in the present paper, specimen E that figured by
Milne-Edwards. The pelvis of F. cristata, measured by Milne-Edwards, was some-
what larger than the specimen of which the dimensions are now given, its length
being 84 mm.

The femur is very like those of the recent coots, and perhaps most nearly
resembles that of Fidica cristata. From the corresponding bone of F. Tieivtoni it
differs, as far as one can judge from the figure, in the smaller size of the trochanter,
which rises less above the head. Moreover its shaft seems to be somewhat stouter in
proportion to its length.

The tiMo-taraus differs from that of F. iiewtoni in size and also in the greater
stoutness of its shaft, but in general structure it is very similar both to it and to
the tibiae of recent coots.

The tarso-onetatarstcs is also typically Fulicine, and when compared with those
of F. atra and F. cristata is found to differ only in unimportant details, e.g. its shaft
is rather thicker in proportion to its length, and the depression in the upper portion
of its anterior face is somewhat deeper and extends farther down the shaft ; in
F. neivtoni this bone is considerably more slender. The intermuscular ridges and the
grooves for tendons are strongly marked, and in all the specimens I have examined
the articular impression for the hind-toe is distinct, and although, as the measure-
ments given below show, this digit is rather shorter than in the recent coots, it is liy
no means rudimentary. The other digits, as in Fuiica, are very long and slender.
The dimensions of the bones of the hind-limb are : —

PaUwolimnae. 1

F. atra.

F. cristata.

85 mm.

59 mm.

63 mm.

20 ,.

12 „

13 ..

19 ..

lis,,

13 ,.

8 „

.,

.5*5 „

161 .,

!"■'* »

111 ..

17 ,.

10 „

11 ..

16 „

10 ,.

11 ..

9 ..

•'> ,,

6 ,,

FeviW :
Ijength
Width of upper end .

„ lower end .

„ middle of shaft

Tihio-tnrxus :
Length
Width of upper end .

,, lower end .

,, shaft .

19

( 266 )

Mrtatarsus :
Length

Width of upper end
„ lower end

„ shaft .
Length of hallux .
„ 2nd digit

3rd „
4th „

Palaeolinmat.

F. atra.

F. critfa/a.

96 mm.

r.2 mm.

67 mm.

16 „

10 „

12 „

17 „

11 „

12 ,-

8 „

4-5 „

5 ..

60 „

38-5 „

40 „

100 „

68 „

72 „

130 „

87 „

95 „

110 „

74 „

77 „

In the case of Pa/aeo^/?ft?ias all these measurements are taken from the nearly
complete skeleton. Examination of a number of isolated bones shows that a con-
siderable range of variation in size occurs. In the ease of the femur the average
length of twelve specimens was 84, the maximum being 91, the minimum 80; the
average of twelve tibiae 162, maximum 169, minimum 155 ; average of thirty metatarsi
91 '3 mm., maximum 99, minimum 85. If the length of the tibiae be taken as 100,
the lengths of the femur au'l metatarsus will be approximately represented by 52 and
58'5 respectively.

The hallux, as already mentioned, is somewhat reduced ; the degree to which
this reduction has taken place may be roughly estimated by taking the length of the
metatarsus as 100, and rei)resenting th." length of the hallux as a percentage of it.
If this is done, the hind-toe of Palaeolimnas will be 52, that of F. atra 62, and that
of F. cristata 60 nearly.

If the sum of the lengths of the bones of the leg be taken as 100, then the sum
of the lengths of the humerus, radius, and metacarpus will be about 64. In F. aim
the wing is very considerably longer in proportion to the leg, being represented by 82.
Of course these proportions cannot be taken as giving any exact measure of the flying
power, since the length of the leg may have increased without a proportionate addition
to the bulk of the body, and indeed, taking into account the considerable size of the
sternal keel and the deep impression of the insertion of the pedoralis ninjor on the
crest of the humerus, it seems probable that Palaeolim/iias may still have been
capable of heavy flight for short distances.

OSTEOLOGY OF NESOLIMNAS (Gen. Nov.) DIEFFENBAGHIl (Gray).

During a visit to the Chatham Islands aliout 1840 Dr. Dieflfenbach obtained
a single s|)ecimen of a flightless rail, which was afterwards described by J. E. Gray *
under the name Ralliis dieffenbachii. The same writer afterwards referred this bird
to the genus Ocyclromus, and by Bonaparte it was included in Ilypotaenidia, a position
which Gray himself subsequently adopted for it.

In 1872 llutton t gave an account of another flightless rail of smaller size, also
peculiar to the Chatham Islands. This he first called Rallvus 'nwdestua, but after-
wards j: established a new genus, Caha!}(,s, for its reception. This species has been
regarded by some writers as the young of Dieifenbach's bird ; but, as Huttou showed
in the paper cited below, this could not be the case. His opinion having been
endonsed by several writers, including Salvadori, P'orbes, and Murie, this view has
now been abandoned. This being the case, it becomes necessary to consider the

• Dieftenbach's Trarels in J\'ew Zcalaiul, II. Apiicndix, p. 197 (1S43).

t ////.', p. 247 (1H72).

X ■rrant. .V. Z. InMt. Vol. VI. p. 108 (1872).

( 267 )

systematic position of Rallus dieffenbacJdi. In the first place, it is clear that it can
only be refen-ed to liallus in the wide Linnaean sense of that term ; and, in the
second, it is clearly not congeneric with Cdbalus modestiis, since the two are widely
different in many characters, both external and internal. The chief of these differ-
ences are— (1) the whole plumage of C. modestvs is much looser than in R. dieffenbachii,
owing to the almost complete absence of barbules ; (2) the beak is relatively much
lorger and more slender in the smaller bird, and is less sharply decurved at the
extremity ; (3) the sternum in Cahalus modestus is very much more reduced, the
keel being almost obsolete, while in Dieflenbach's rail it is fairly well develojieJ,
The general form of the bone is also different in the two species.

Hutton and Buller have both pointed out that, in the general style and
colouring of the plumage, R. dieffenbachii is somewhat similar to Hypotaenidla,
but the difference in the form of the beak, in the proportions of the metatarsus, and
in many other osteological characters, exclude it from that genus; and for similar
reasons it cannot be regarded as an Ocydromus. This being the case, it seems
necessary to introduce a new generic term for this species, and I therefore propose
the name Nesolimnas, the only species of which is N. dieffenhac/iii*

It is unfortunate that none of the bones of the type-.specimen of this species
were preserved by its discoverer, but this deficiency can now be made good, since
in the collection at Tring there is an almost perfect skeleton which clearly belongs
to this rail, the form of the beak and metatarsus being identical with those of the
type. In addition to this valuable specimen, there are also skulls and other [wrtions
of the skeleton of many other individuals.

The skull (PI. X., figs. 3, 4) is very similar to those of Ocydromus, the so-called
Cabalus sylvestris, and Hypokmnidiii celebensis, to which there is much greater
similarity than to the skull of the smaller H. philippiaensis. In the cranial region
there is a very near approach to Ocydromus, the only noticeable differences between
the two being that in the New Zealand bird the lambdoidal ridge is a little more
prominent and the paroccipital processes smaller. In the larger size of these
processes, Cabahis(?) sylvestris and Erythromachus are more similar to the Chatham
Island bird, to which the former of these species is also similar in its larger post-
orbital processes. In the base of the skull also there are no marked differences
from the same region in Ocyd/romus, although the basi-temporal platform may be
slightly less prominent and the pre-temporal wing rather more developed. In
AV?/(Ara»i,«c/«ts the basi-temporal platform is much more prominent. The iuterorbital
region is almost exactly the same as in Gahahis sylvestris and Ocydromus.

The posterior portion of the margin of the orbits is truncated bj' the impression
of a supra-orbital gland, but to a less extent than in Ocydromus; in this respect,
and also in the greater width of the interorbital region of the frontals, C(ibalus{?)
sylvestris comes nearest to the present species.

It is in the form of the beak that Nesolimnas differs most widely from the other
forms : the whole culmen is convex from before backwards, and the tip is sharply
decurved. In Ocydromus the beak is only slightly curved; otherwise in its relative
size and in the proportions of its naiial and pre-narial regions it is very similar to
that of the present species.

* In Tart I,, not having hail occasion to consider the syslumatic position of this l)inl, I followoil rec-ent
writera in employing the n.ame Cahalwi dlcffen.iachii for it, and 1 am indelitcd to Professor liulton for
ilrawiug my attention to this point. Numerous measurements of the slieleton of this species have been
already given in I'an 1. undoi the name Cabalus.

( 268 )

In Cabalas sylcestris the beak is relatively much longer, and the same is the
case to a still greater extent in Erythromachus. In Uypotaenidia the nostril is
shorter and is continued anteriorly as a groove on the side of the beak.

Except for its greater curvatuie, the mandible is very like that of Ocydromits.
The posterior angular process is, however, a little more prominent. In the specimen
described a short bony process projects backward from the symphysis between the
mandibular rami.

The dimensions of the skull described are given l)elow (measurements of the
skulls of several other rails are added for comparison) : —

jVegolimnas

Ocydromm.

Cababt^

Erythromachus

Uypot(U-mdia

dleffenbachii.

iylveatrii.

leguati.

celebensit.

Total length o£ skull

70

79

82

104

70

Length of beak ....

43

45

50

75

39

iiarial opening .

25

25

27

4.S

17

„ pre-nariai portion

H

15

19

29

20

Width at paroccipilal processes .

•M

21

19

19

17

postorbitivl processes .

24

25

24

21

22

Width of interorbital region of

front.ils .....

8

6

7 "5

7

o

Total lengtli of mandible .

62

fiS

72

97

61

Length of mandilnilar symphysis

l.-i

12

21

29

11

The vertebral column in the specimen described appears to be comi)lete. It
consists of thirteen vertebrae with fused ribs (true cervicals) and nine with free ribs,
of which the anterior two are probably cervico-dorsals and the remaining seven true
dorsals : this vertebral formula is the same as that of Ocydromxis and Uypotaenidia.
The individual cervicals are broader in proportion to their length than in Hypotaenidia,
and correspond most nearly to those of Ocydromiis, as indeed do the other vertebrae.
When the whole twenty-two free vertebrae are articulated in a straight line the column
measures about 167 mm. in length.

The paired catapophyses are well developed on vertebrae 6 — 10, and gradually
approach one another till they nearly enclose a carotid canal. On the 11th
they are replaced by a median haemapophysis which is repeated to the 17th, on
which it is bifid. The sides of the centra of 12 — 15 are perforated by pneumatic
foramina.

The sternum (see PI. X., figs. 5, 6) is in many respects intermediate between
those of Ucydrornva and Ilyjjotaenidia. As in the former, the coracoid grooves are
separated from one another in the middle line by a considerable interval, which
is occupied by a deeply concave thickened border, the spina e.ctenia being quite
obsolete; in Uypotaenidia, on the other hand, the coracoid grooves nearly meet
in the middle line, and there is a well-developed simple spina externa. In the
height of the keel the sternum comes e.xactly midway between the two genera
mentioned. The reduction of the keel is accompanied by a shortening of the body
of the sternum, which no longer extends as far back as the xiphoid processes,
as in Ihjputavnidia, and is irregularly notched in the middle line ; the apex of
the keel, though thickened, is not bifid as in Ocydroiniis. Comparison of this
sternum with that of Cabalus modestus figured by Hutton shows that the
differences between them are very great, greater indeed than between it and the
sternum of Ocydrvmus. In Cabalus modestus the keel is almost obsolete, the
coracoid grooves more widely separated, the whole bone wider in proportion to its

* Taken from the occipital cumlylc to the tip of the beak.

( 209 )

length than in the present species; behind the last rib-facet it is unu-h con>(ricteil,
so that at this point the width is only half that between the ends of the antero-
lateral processes.

In Erylhromachus the sternum is remarkably similar to our sjieeimen, but it is
a little longer in proportion to its width, the keel is rather more reduced, and
the anterior border is less deeply concave and somewhat longer.

The dimensions of the sternum associated with the individual skeleton here
described are given below, together with those of some other rails for comparison : —

Nt-solimnas

Erijthroinachuit

Cahaliis{]) Htjpotaeti iil ia

OcydrmmiK.

dieffenhach ii.

Irgvati.

AijlrattriJi. ccUhrnith.

Width between ends of antero-

lateral processes ,

22 mm.

2(; mm.

23 mm. ' 20 mm.

29 mm.

Width at narrowest part .

11 „

10 ,.

11 .. 10 ..

11 ..

Greatest length ....

" „

—

48 ., 47 ..

.")(! ..

Length in median line

36 „

46 ..

38 „ 47 „

40 .,

Height of keel (measured from

the inner surface to the

highest point)

10 „

8 „

8 .. 12 ..

7 „

The coracoid (PI. X., fig. 7) is relatively more slender than that of Ocydrmnus,
and the lateral (hyosternal) process is much more prominent ; in the latter point the
coracoid of Hypotaenidia is more similar. The length of the coracoid is 25 mm.,
the width at the hyosternal process 9 mm.

The blade of the scapula is considerably more slender in proportion to its length
than in Ocydromus, but offers no important peculiarities. Its length is 38 mm.,
the width of the proximal end 7 mm.

The blender furculum is U-shaped, and resembles that of Hypotaenidia, except
that the hypocleidium is much reduced and does not form any downward projection.
If straight lines be drawn from the lowest point of the furculuni to the upper
extremities of the arms, we find that the angle enclosed between them is about 45".
In the case of Hypotaenidia, by the same method, we get an angle of 40', and in
Ocydromus one of about 55'. This point is of some interest because these angles
give a fair measure of the degree of divergence of the coracoids, which commonly
tends to increase as the power of flight decreases, and we therefore see that in this
respect, as in the condition of the sternum, Kesolitnnas comes nearly midway between
the flying Hypotaenidia and the flightless Ocydromus.

The slender Iniriierus (PI. X., fig. 9) is almost identical in form with tliat of
Ocydromus, but is perhaps a little more curved.

The radius and id)ui are also like those of Ocydromus, and the metacarpus
dift'ers only in the shortness of its fused first metacarpal, and in the somewhat greater
width of the interosseous foramen between the second and third; on the outer side
of the second, near its distal end, is a deep groove for a tendon which I have not
observed in the metacarpus of Ocydromus.

The principal measurements of the wing-bones are : —

Uunu'THS :

Hadhig :

Length

. 4."i mm.

Length .

. 31 mm.

Width of upper end .

. 11 „

Uttta :

,. lower end .

7 „

Length .

. 34 .,

„ shaft .

. 3 ,.

Mrtacarpua :

Length

Width of upper end .

. 7 „

( 270 )

Comparison of these dimensions with lliose given in tlie talile on page 80 of
ihe present volume shows that, although this bird is about the same size as
Hi/potaenidia celehensis, the wing is considerably shorter than in tliat species,
although it is probably rather less reduced than in Ocydromus.

The 'pelvis (PI. X., figs. It), 11) is very like that of a small Ocydromus, but the
post-acetabular portion is relatively wider and shorter, and the ilia are more widely
separated posteriorly; from the pelvis of Ilypottienidia the differences are of the
.same kind. The supra-acetabular ridge is less prominent tlian in either of the genera
just mentioned, but the process overhanging the i.<chio-femoral surface is well
developed; this surface is a much more quadrate area than in Ifypotaenidia, and
even than in Ocydromus, being both higiier, and, at the same time, shorter, from
before backwards. On the posterior margin the point of junction of the ilium and
ischium is marked by a shallow concavitj' only, as in Cabalu-s sylvestris and
Hypotaenidia, not by a deep notch as in Ocydrmnus. The pelvis of Cahalus
modestus is said to generally resemble that of Hypotctenidia philippinensis,
but to differ from it in the following points: (1) the ilia are not expanded
anteriorly, and (2) the ileo-neural orifices are obliterated. .Since in Kesoiitiinas
the ilia are considerabl}' expanded at their anterior end and the ileo-neural canals
are open, it appears that it also differs considerably from Cabalus in this part of the
skeleton.

The pelvis of Eryihro'ninchus is remarkably similar to that of the present
species, but is relatively somewhat wider, particidarly in its posterior half. The
posterior renal fossae are shorter, the portion of the ilia forming the floor
of their hinder half being less developed and supported by the transverse pro-
cesses of two fused caudals only : in Nesoli'innas and HypoUienidia there are three
such vertebrae ; in Apihanapteryx and Diwphoraptei'yx there are only two, as in
Erythroniachus.

The dimensions of tlie pelvis are : —

dieffenhacUi. 1 Ocydr<»nm.

Hypotaenidia
celeheniu.

Cababii (?)
sylmtris.

Total longth o£ ilia ....
Width of ilia at narrowest point

(middle of iliac fossa)
Width at antitrochanters
Length of sacrum ....

56 mm.

10 „
24 „
46 .,

lii; mm.

11 „
27 „
51 „

51 mm.

9 „
22 „
39 „

57 mm.

2G „
46 „

In form and proportions the femur (PL X., fig. 12) is closely similar to that
of Hypotaenidia celehensis; it is much more slender and has a much less massive
distal end than the femur of Ocydroraus.

The tibia (PI. X., fig. 13) also is like tiiat of //. celehensis, but is somewhat
stouter, thus approaching the corresponding bono in Ocydronms.

The melalii.rsas (PI. X., tigs. 14, 15), as usual, presents the most distinctive
characters. Comparing it with that of H. celehemis, we find tliat, although it is
actually shorter, the shaft is considerably stouter, and the distal trochleae are slightly
more divergent; on the otlier baud, it is considerably more slender than that of
Ocydromus, and the distal end is relatively narrower. Tliis metatarsus, tlierefore,
occupies a position on the line of modification which culminates in Aptwnis, mid-
way between Hypotaenidia and Ocydromus.

( 271 )
The dimensions of the bones of the leg are : —

Femur :
Length

Width of lower t'n<l
„ shaft .
Tibia :
Length

Width of lower end
shaft .
Mi'tatarsits :
Length

Width of upper end
„ lower end
„ shaft .

Nesolimnas
difffenbachii.

<iO mm.
11 •,

79
8
4

46

Hypotaeniilia r\ i
cllebemis. Ocjdromu,,

54 mn

.

65

mm.

10 ..

13

i „

5

.,

80

apF

ax.

92
10

S-5 ,.

fi

■t '

m „

6?

7 .,

11'

,^

7o„

12

„

3-5 „

5

r,

Cabalvii (?)
gylvcxtrts.

63 mm.
11 „

**7 ,

10 ,

4 .

51 ,

10 .

10 ,
4-5,

If the length of the tibia be reiire.'iented by 100, the femur will be 76, the
metatarsus 58. Again, if the length of the leg be taken as 100, the length of the
wing will be about 53. In Hyjjotaeriidia and Ocydromus numbers arri\ed at by
the same method are 63 * and 46'5 respect ivel}', so that in this case also XesoH/iiims
is intermediate between these two genera.

The toes are more slender than in Ocydromus, approaching those of Hypo-
taenidia.

P'rom tlie above description it will be seen that in Nesoiimnas we have an
annectant form linking the flying to the flightless rails. In its plumage, in the
condition of its sternum, and in many other points, it reminds us of HypoUtenidia,
while, on the other hand, in the reduction of its wings and the consequent modi-
fication of its hind-limb it approaches Ocydromus. Tlie existence of such an inter-
mediate type seems to give strong support to the opinion e.xpres.^ed in Part I., that
the Ocydromine rails have originated from forms capable of flight at a comparati\ely
recent date and in the islands they now inhabit.

* In Part I. this proix)rtion was slij^btly underestimatetl owing to the imperfection of the specimens
measured, and was given as 59*5.

( 272 )

NEW SPECIES OF DBEPANULIDAE, UBANIIDAE, EPI-
PLEMIDAE, AND GEOMETIUDAE FROM THE PAPUAN
EEGION,

COLLECTED l'.V .MR. ALl'.EliT S. MEEK.
By W. warren, M.A., F.E.S.

Family DREPAXULIDAE.
1. Drepana fleximarg'o sp. uov.

Forewings : ochreous, daiipled and suft'used with grey-hrown ; costal area pale,
the extreme costal edge dark brown, towards apex spotted with brown and paler
intervals ; first line at one-fourth, pale and indistinct, outwardly toothed on the veins,
followed by a deeper brown shade ; cell-spot round, black ; outer line pale ochreous,
slender, straight, from inner margin at three-fourths to shortly before apex, where
it is acutely angled, runs inwards parallel to veins for a short distance, and is again
angled before reaching costa ; veins within this line all pale ochreous ; marginal
area brownish, above anal angle with a patch of mixed ochreous, grey, and blackish
scales; fringe reddish brown.

Hiitdivings : darker brown, except along costa, which is ochreous freckled with
brown and black ; outer line of forewings produced across middle of hindwings,
slightly wavy, preceded by dark grey and blackish shading, and with the veins all
pale ochreous within it; marginal space deep brown, mottled with black, with a
hyaline space beyond the cell formed of two contiguous ovals, nearly touching the
central line, and bearing minute black raised scales ; fringe dark brown.

Face and palpi bright red-brown ; vertex and shaft of antennae white ; terminal
half of shaft fuscous, the pectinations rufous; thorax and abdomen brown, the latter
becoming ochreous on anal segments. Underside pale j-ellowish ochreous, with coarse
dark fuscous specks and reddish and fuscous suffusion towards hindmargin ; the outer
line of forewings thick and dark, and not so near margin as on upperside ; inner
margin of both wings and apex of hindwings whitish.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One (J from Fergusson Island, October 1894.

The costa of forewings is abruptly bent at two-thirds; the ajjex produced anfl
bluntly falcate; hindmargin with a blunt tooth between veins 2 and 'A, wilh a
shallow excision above and below it. llimhvings with the apex at vein 7 prominent
and rectangular; the hindmargin nearly straight.

The species bears a su]ierfi(ial resemblance to D. spccularis Moore.

2. Drepana sera sp. nov.

Foreivings : dull yellow, (he markings obscure; a rufous spot on the upper
vertical arm of discocellular, and a white rufous-edged spot at the lower angle of cell ;
a rufous curved line near base, plainest on inner margin ; a rufous outer line from
centre of costa to middle of inner margin, strongly outcurved and thickened opposite
cell, then obliciue inwards; a submarginal curved line of lilackish sjiols between the
veins, that opposite the cell most distinct and swollen ; apical region sutfu.sed with
rufous; fringe rufous from apex to middle, then yellowish.

( 273 )

Hindwings : with the three lines as in forewings, and with a rufous blotch at
end of cell.

Thorax and abdomen yellow ; face ferruginous above. Underside yellow, with the
outer line of forewings alone showing through.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Fergussou Island, Noveml-ier.

3. Oreta(?) scintillans sp. nov.

Fm'eivings : olive-ochreous, mottled all over with pale browni.sh ; the mottlings
intensified and forming a curved line at one-third, and a diffuse shade in the middle ;
traces of dark spots towards hindmargin.

Hindumigs : the same.

Face reddish; antennae rufous; thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.
Underside paler, with a dark fascia from near apex of forewings to inner margin
before ana! angle, slightly marked across the centre of hindwings ; some black marks
in both wings towards hindmargin.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from P'ergusson Island, December.

The only example is considerably worn ; but even as it is, the upper surface bears
traces of being covered with glistening scales.

4. Teldenia nigrinotata sp. nov.

Fwewings : snow-white ; a black dot below costa beyond middle ; exterior line
grey, interrupted below costa and opposite cell, and running in strongly along the
second median to middle of wing ; preceded above and below the cell by two irregular
blackish blotches in each case, and above inner margin by three; submarginal line
dark grey, formed of lunules, and bent, but not interrupted, above cell and on second
median : a marginal series of distinct black spots ; three costal black streaks before
apex ; fringe white.

Hindinngs : the same; the central line twice .sinuate, but not interrupted.

Face above and antennae brownish ; lower part of face, thorax, and abdomen
white. Underside entirely pure white.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One S, one ?, from Fergussou Island, October and November.

Family URANIIDAE.
5. Urapteroides semiobsoleta sp. nov.

3 Forewings : white; costal streak dark fuscous, narrow at base, gradually
broadening till it meets the broad fuscous hindmargin ; extreme costal edge in middle
of wing dotted with whitish ; from middle of inner margin an erect ochreous fuscous
streak rises, not reaching the median vein; a faint ochreous spot on inner margin
beyond it. In the ? the first streak reaches the dark costal border, and the spot
beyond becomes a streak reaching the first median nervule ; fringe fuscous.

Hind-wings : white, with a broad blackish fuscous submarginal fiiseia from apex to
base of tail, bent round and narrowed to anal angle ; an ochreous fuscous straight fascia
from costa at one-third bent round to inner margin before anal angle ; two large oblong
black blotches, one in tail, the other before it towards anal angle ; fringe fuscous from
apex to base of tail, black from anal angle to tail, along upper i)art of tail white.

Palpi, face, and vertex white below, blackish above. Head, thorax, and abdomen
white. Underside white, with the costal and hiudmargins fuscous as above; wholly

( ri74 )

fuscous from anal angle of liimlwing to tail ; in c? with a fuscous blotch above
aual angle.

Expanse of wings : <?, 50 mm. ; ? , .i2 mm.

Two dS, two ? ?, from Fergusson Island, .September to November.

].,ike U. panndia Feld., but that species has no trace of transverse lines or streaks
on the disc of either wing.

6. Stesichora quadripunctata sp. nov.

Foretvings : white, with a small black blotch at apex, and some black dots on
costa at irregular intervals, but more numerous towards base.

Hindwings : white, with a black .spot in the tail and a small black spot on the
margin below it ; the hindmargin on either side of the tail with a fine black line.

Head, thorax, abdomen, and underside of wings all pure white.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Fergusson Island, December.

A pair unnamed are in the British Museum collection from Xew Guinea. I)i.s-
tinguished from 5. 'pudlaria Wlk. by the much smaller size and proportionately
broader wings.

7. Stesichora quadristrigata sp. nov.

Forewings : white, with three or four costal spots near base ; four erect blackish
lines from inner margin, none of them attaining the costa ; first near base oblique
outwards; second parallel to first, from inner margin before middle; both these
lines end at the costal vein ; third broader than the first two and slightly diver-
gent in direction, at the same distance from second as second from first, and not
reaching costal vein ; fourth from before anal angle parallel to hindmargin, reaching
only to middle of wing.

Ili'iuhvings : white, with three pale greyish fulvous streaks from costa, a
narrower one along inner margin, and two rows of fine strigulae towards hind-
margin, all fused in a dull fulvous cloud at anal angle ; hindmargin with five black
spots, the two upper the smalle.st.

Head, thorax, abdomen, and all underside white ; forelegs tinged with fuscous;
face quite narrow ; eyes large.

Expanse of mngs : 48 mm.

Two ? ? from Fergusson Island, November and December.

Family EPIPLEMIDAE.

8. Dirades annulifer sp. nov.

Foremnga : dull grey, dusted with darker ; a thick black ring on inner margin
beyond middle, to the edges of which two faintly darker oblique and curved lines can
be traced from the costa before and beyond middle ; a series of minute submarginal
black dots on the veins hardly forming a line ; fringe grey.

Hindwings : like forewings, the inner half darker, edged by a dark curved line
from middle of costa to inner margin above an;il angle; fringe leaden grey, with a
dark jiale-edged basal line.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, the anal tuft ochreous ; vertex and shaft of
antennae white. L'nderside dull dark grey.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One cf from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, April.

( 275 )

9. Epiplema angixlata sp. nov.

Farewhujs : fuscous grey, much dusted with dark atoms ; costa dotted with hlack ;
first line very indistinct, curved, at one-third ; second at two-thirds, ohtusely angled
outwards below costa, and more acutely inwards o)iposite the cell, then vertical and
twice curved to inner margin before anal angle, where it is darkened and becomes
double ; a dark lunulate blotch before hindmargin opposite the cell.

Hindvd'iujs : with angulated basal line, two dark dots united by a sinuous line
on discocellular ; a double postmedian line from costa before apex to inner margin
above anal angle, obtusely angled in the middle above the lower tooth ; a dark lunate
line from upper tooth to below lower tooth, interrupted at the latter by a white dash.

Face dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale grey. Underside pale,
freckled with darker grey ; both wings with obscure submarginal dark fascia.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

Five c?cJ, four ? ?, from Fergusson Island, (.)ctober to December 1894, and one
J from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, April 189.5.

The c? cJ are uniformly paler, not so much dusted with dark atoms as the ? ? .
In the hindwings there is sometimes a trace of a dark central shade, most visible
towards inner margin. The single t? from the Trobriand Islands is smaller than
the rest, with the markings darker and more definite ; the hindwings with a black
discal mark interrupted by a white dash.

1(1. Epiplema angulata ah. illiturata ab. nov.

A single cj from Fergusson Island, taken at the .same time as all the rest, but
in quite perfect condition, differs so much that at first sight it appears to be a distinct
species ; I describe it here as an aberration.

Foreivings : pale grey, suffused with rufous ; costa spotted with black and ochreous ;
first line indistinct, curved, ferruginous, produced as a basal line across hindwings and
basal segment of abdomen ; second line obsolete ; a double black blotch at anal angle
and some irregular dark marks along hindmargin.

Hindwings : whitish grey, with the markings as in the type ; the central area
with a band of rusty streaks ; marginal space brighter feiTUginous, the sinuous sub-
margfinal line edged internally with whitish ochreous and preceded by pale leaden-
coloured scales.

Underside of both wings bright ochreous ; the forewings entirely suffused with
dull brownish except along costa and inner margin and some submarginal lunular
sjiaces ; the hindwings with a distinct submarginal brown fascia. Face aud palpi
black. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish grey, the latter shaded with darker.

11. Epiplema coeruleodisca sp. nov.

Forewings: dull black-brown in S, uniform grey-brown in ? ; costa spotted
with black ; the lines curved, ferruginous edged with black ; first at one-third, regu-
larly curved ; second from costa before two-thirds, outwardly curved to middle, thence
nearly vertical to inner margin at three-fourths, where it is preceded by a blackish
hlotch; marginal third in d more red-brown, becoming blacker round anal angle;
submarginal line in ? thick, velvety black, from apex to tooth above anal angle; in
c? fine, black, and wavy, edged on either side with ferruginous ; fringe whitish, with a
waved black basal line; a small white discal spot, more distinct in the <S.

Hindwings : with an angulated ferruginous basal line and a curved dark-edged

( 27fi )

postmedian line; a large oval discal ocellus, with ferruginous centre and black
margin, preceded in cell and followed as far as postmcdiiui line by patches of blue
scales; two similar but smaller patches below the first median nervule ; marginal
area dusted with blue scales; submarginal line black, irregular, from upper tooth to
beyond lower tooth ; the veins ferruginous ; in the ? the ferruginous tints are
absent, being obscured by the uniform grey suffusion.

Face dark brown; vertex, collar, and antennae pale ochreous ; thorax and
abdomen brown. Underside of both wings dull grey.

Expanse of wings : c?, 26 mm. ; ? , 28 mm.

Two (?c?, one ? , from Fergusson Island, October to December.

The hindmargin of forewings is in this species somewhat irregular, being bulged
below apex and again below the middle; inner and hind margin both excised on each
side of the anal angle ; hindwings with a tooth at end of veins 4 and 6.

12. Epiplema denigrata sp. nov.

Fm-ewings: white, the costa minutely dotted with black; traces of four trans-
verse fasciae, denoted by ochreous-yellow patches ; the fasciae lying at one-third, one-
half, and t wo-thirds respectively, the last being submarginal ; the patches forming the
fasciae are in rows along the submedian interspace, the cell, and above the subcostal
nervure ; the submarginal fascia consists of small spots between the veins.

Hindwii>gs : the same, the first fascia being represented by a single yellowish
.spot in middle ; towards the hindmargin are a few fine threadlike fuscous strigulae ;
a fine blackish marginal line between the teeth ; fringe of both wings white.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Under-iiide white; hindwings with faint
traces of some yellowish scales before the tails.

Expanse of wings : 24 — 26 mm.

Two c?c?, two 5 5, from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, March to May 1895.

Allied to E. nivosaria Wlk., ruplaria Moore, and fulvUinea Hmpsn. ; distin-
guished by the entire absence of any black markings.

13. Epiplema grisea sp. nov.

Very much like E. moza Butler, from Japan, but dull pm-plish grey instead of
red-brown, and not speckled with darker atoms; co.sta of forewings dotted with black
and ochreous ; the lines blackish, with a few blackish scales on either side. In the
hindwings only the inner-marginal area is slightly varied with dark scales ; a curved
sinuous submarginal line from upper tooth to near anal angle, enclosing a darker
marginal cloud, is intersected by two white dashes. The hindmargin of forewings is
nearly entire, .showing slight irregularity only just below apex.
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
One 5 from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, .May.

M. Epiplema lacteata sp. nov.
Forewings: white, with short irregular ochreous fuscous transverse .sj)eckles;
costa thickly dotted with blackish ; first line indicated by three dull fuscous dots on
veins ; a long dull fuscous cell-.«pot ; exterior line forming an oblique costal fuscous
streak, and a double darker fuscous blotch on inner margin, interrupted and e.xcurved
between, its course indicated only by irregular fuiscous lunate blotches; a bilobed
fuscous blotch above middle of hindmargin, thinning off to apex ; a fuscous blotch at
anal angle.

( 277 )

Hind/winfjs : white, with a twice-angulated basal line; two ferruginous dark sijots
at the ends of discocellular, often united together ; a streak of close blackish atoms
down the middle of wing ; exterior shade formed by two dark lines with pale fuscous
between them, angled outwards in middle ; submarginal shade similar, but starting
below costa and ending above tail, while the exterior shade starts from costa and runs
to inner margin ; apex and inner margin with dark striae ; two black marginal lunules
above the tail ; the tail edged above with a fuscous streak projecting somewhat
inwards, with an ocellus below ; fringe of both wings white, chequered with fuscous
opposite the fuscous shades.

Palpi and face deep dark red ; antennae rufous ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen
white, the last with greyish segmental markings. Underside white, the forewings
somewhat discoloured with cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 30 — 32 mm.

Three 5 j from P^ergusson Island, November and December.

Larger than E. coiijiiciaria Wlk., with fainter markings; somewhat resembling
also E. cretacen Butler, from Japan.

15. Epiplema particolor sp. nov.
Forewings: grey, sprinkled with fuscous atoms;, the costa dotted black and
ochreous ; lines ferruginous and blackish ; the first at one-third, oblique outwards
from costa, sharply angulated towards the discocellular, and marked by a blackish spot
below on the submedian fold ; second from a dark costal spot at two-thirds, obliiiue
outwards to middle of wing, then inwards to a brown-black s]wt on inner margin at
three-fourths ; an incurved ferruginous and blackish submarginal hne from below
apex to below middle ; fringe chequered, Light and dark grey.

Hindvjiwjs : pale straw-colour; two dark basal lines and a costal blotch; disco-
cellular mark ferruginous and black, enclosing with the central chestnut streak a
wedge-shaped blotch of pale straw-colour with three or four brown dots on its inner
edge ; postmedian line sinuous, dark brown, edged externally with pearl-grey,
angulated in the middle ; its costal half with chestnut on either side, and another
lustrous line towards hiiidmargin ; inner-marginal half of wing chequered with
fuscous streaks and dusting ; a fine cmved black line from upper tooth to below
lower tooth, sharply cut at the lower tooth by a white dash ; fringe pale straw-
colour, mottled with darker between the teeth. In the j the ground-colour of
hindwings is dull suffused ochreous grey, like the forewings.

Face and palpi velvety black ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale grey ; basal
segment of alDdomen blackish, the others marked with darker grey. Underside of
forewings dark grey ; of hindwings pale ochi'eous, towards the hiudmargin mottled,
and beyond the cell sufTused, with dark fuscous ; in the 5 both wings are cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

Three i S , one $ , from Fergusson Island, October to December.

Somewhat resembles E. ochreofwiiwsa ^N'arr., from India.

16. Epiplema quadricaudata supproximans subsp. nov.

Differing from typical quadricaudata Wlk. only in t lie outer line of the hindwings,
which, instead of being curved into the anal angle, is at first nearly vertical from the
costa, and afterwards curves into hindmargin half-way between anal angle and the
lower talk

Two S 6, one $, from Fergusson Island, November and December.

( 278 )

17. Epiplema sordida sp. nov.

Foreivings : dirty whitish, inckled with fuscous atoms and strigae; costa dotted
with brown, and with two or tln-ee larger fuscous spots and blotches towards apex ;
lines indistinct, the first denoted by fuscous spots on the veins, the second by an
oblique shade from costa ; submarginal shown by three or four brownish spots before
the subapical excision, which is shallow and reaches to middh^ of hindmargin.

Hindwings : with some darker indistinctly expressed markings down the middle ;
postmedian line pale brown, near the hindmargin, obtusely angled in the middle and
double from the angulation to the inner margin ; a diffuse fuscous cloud beyond it ;
a black curved marginal line from upper tooth to lower, where it becomes thicker and
is followed by a small dark spot ; fringes of both wings pale ochreous, except between
the teeth of hindwings, where they are blackish with a j-ellowish basal line.

Face and palpi deep red-brown; head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last with
two fuscous lines on the penultimate segment corresponding to thedouUe postmedian
line of hindwings. Underside of both wings smoky ochreous brown ; the hindmargin
of hindwings paler, with a black dot before lower tooth.

Exjjanse of wings : 24 mm.

Two cJ t? from Fergusson Island, Octolier.

18. Epiplema undulata sp. nov.

Foreivings : whitish, denselj' irrorated and suffused with iron-grey; the costa
darker, speckled with white and black ; no first line visible ; second line from three-
fourths of costa to inner margin before anal angle, blackish edged outwardly with
rufous, sinuous outwards to middle, where it forms a blunt tooth, then strongly
incurved and again nnining outwards to a dark patch, which is contiguous to a rufous
patch at anal angle ; a cloudy shade from costa before apex to anal angle ; a sub-
marginal line formed of small lilack dashes between the veins ; fringe rufous and
grey, with a dark basal line.

Hiiuhnnrjs : paler, but with the costal area much sufifused with mixed fuscous,
olive, and rufous shades ; a dark cm-ved antemedian line ; a double sinuous [lostmedian
line, the inner branch the thicker ; a confused sinuous submarginal shade and a
double crenulate submarginal line of black lunules, edged with lustrous leaden scales ;
fringe pale, becoming bronzy rufous in upper half of margin.

Palpi black; face grey; vertex and shaft of antennae white; collar blackish;
thorax and patagia pale shining grey ; abdomen dull grey, with the basal segment
black. Underside of forewings dark grey, dusted with pale along costa ; of Iiindwings
whitish, dusted with fuscous towards apex.

Expanse of wrings : 24 mm.

One ? from Fergusson Island, December.

Very much like Phazaca erosioides Wlk., which, however, has the hindwings
almost wholly whitish.

10. Gathynia albibasis sp. nov.
Foreioinrjs : cinereous, dusted with darker; the costa blackish; the lines dark,
the first at one-third, curved in middle, the second at two-thirds, slightly curved to
anal angle, the first edged internally, the second externally, with dull yellowish ; a
thin black submarginal line from a})ex, sharply angulated and incurved below apex
and not reaching inner margin ; fringe cinereous.

( 279)

Hind/iuings : with the costa white, the inner edge of the white patch irregular ;
rest of the wing cinereous, with two curved darker lines edged with yellowish and
with some scattered black patches ; submarginal line tine, irregularly denticulate
and edged with whitish towards apex. In the ? the whole hindwing as far as the
submarginal line, except the inner-marginal area, is coal-black.

Thorax and abdomen cinereous ; face and palpi blackish ; vertex and shaft of
antennae snow-white. Underside dull cinereous, the hindwings paler.

Expanse of wings : (?, 22 mm. ; ? , 24 mm.

Two S S, three ? ? , from Fergusson Island, September to December.

Several S S from Fiji, and a ? from Australia, either of this or a closely allied
species, are in the British Museum collection unnamed.

20. Gathynia nigrescens sp. nov.

Forewings : dark lead-colour, the lines thick, bronzy black ; the first at one-
third, angled in midwing, with some yellow scales on the inner edge ; the second
beyond two-thirds, nearly straight to inner margin before anal angle, followed by some
yellowish scales; fringe shiny, with a dark lironzy black basal line.

Hi'iuhmngs : with the outer line consisting of round .spots lying in a curve, and
edged with yellowish scales, and with some yellowish scales towards base.

Underside dull dark cinereous. Head, thorax, and abdomen cinereous. The d
has the face, palpi, and anal segments of abdomen blackish.

Expanse of wings : c?, 24 mm. ; ? , 26 mm.

Two (?t?, three ? ?, from Fergusson Island, October to December. In the ? ?
the costal area of forewings is sometimes speckled with paler.

The species is nearly related to G. loiigipennis Hmpsn. from the Nilgiris.

Platerosia gen. nov.

S . Forewiivjs : elongate, narrow; costa slightly convex near base and before
apex, faintly indented in the middle ; apex rounded ; hindmargin obliquely curved,
subcrenulate, with a slight excision above anal angle ; inner margin lobed at base to
near the middle.

Hindwings : nearly round, twice as broad as forewings ; costa strongly fringed
except at middle ; hindmargin crenulate, with a sharp tooth at veins 3, 4, 6, and 7 ;
inner margin developed.

Abdomen (<?) long, extending beyond hindwings, with expansile anal tuft.
Antennae thick, lamellate, flattened; palpi porrect, slender; tongue absent;
frenulum stout ; the retinaculum at base of cell on the median vein ; legs short and
stout ; hind tibiae swollen, with four spurs.

Neuration : forewings, cell one-third of wing ; discocellular very faint ; first
median at two-thirds, second well before end of cell, third from end; the two radials
stalked with last subcostal ; third and fourth subcostals stalked; second anastomosing
with first for a considerable distance, both rising towards base. Hindwings with cell
very broad ; discocellular very faint, at one-third ; the two subcostals from upper end of
cell ; radial fi-om about middle of discocellular ; first median from near base, second
just before end of cell, third from the end.

Type : Platerosia j'oiiindipennis sp. nov.

(280 )

2\. Platerosia rotundipennis xp. nov.

Foretviiigs : white, coveied with fu.scous grey striations ; two dark grey con-
tiguous blotches on inner margin at middle ; lines very indistinct ; tirst at one-third,
curved, running to first blotch ; second from the middle of costa, dark grey, running
obliquely outwards to the middle of wing, irregularly waved, then incurved to second
blotch ; a dark grey interrujited streak from costa before apex to hiudmargin below
middle ; a slight fuscous cloud at anal angle ; fringe cheijuered white and dark, with
a fine but irregular marginal line.

Hindwings : with interrupted dark curved basal line, and a ferruginous
interrupted much curved postmedian line, with dark dots on the veins beyond it ;
basal and marginal areas more striated than central space ; sjiace below median vein
white, without striations, from base to margin ; submedian fold with strong fuscous
striations ; a fen'uginous fuscous submarginal interrupted line, running out into the
teeth.

Face, palpi, and collar dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and patagia white ; abdomen
whitish at base, ochreous beyond inner margin, the fringe of inner margin also
ochreous ; anal tuft blackish. Underside of forewings whitish, freckled with fuscous,
with a fuscous blotch along lower half of hindmargin ; hindwings whitish, unfreckled,
with a cui'ved fuscous marginal band from apex to middle, containing dark spots
between the veins ; outer tuft of costal margin fuscous. Fore tibiae and tarsi fuscous ;
the other legs ochreous whitish.

E.xpanse of wings : 24 mm.

One c? from Fergusson Island, December.

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Subfamily OENOCHKOmNAE.

22. Sarcinodes subfiilvida sj). nov.

Fweivings : reddish fawn-colour, deeper red beyond the outer line, the whole
surface obscurely speclded with fuscous ; basal line indicated only by a dark dot on
the median vein ; discal mark linear, oblique ; an obscure dark central shade angulated
below costa and oblique to inner margin before middle ; a straight pale ochreous line,
with a dark edge outwardly and minute dark dots inwardly on the veins, from costa
before apex to inner margin beyond middle ; submarginal line sometimes indicated
by two dark fuscous blotches opposite the cell ; fringe dark red.

Hindminge : with the oblique line central.

Head, thorax, and al:domen concolorous. Underside fulvous, space between
central and submarginal lines darker; costa spotted with white, and with a violet line
below it ; the apex white ; veins with a row of white dots at edge of submarginal, and
a row of black ones along the oblique line ; hindwings at anal angle tinged with
violet.

Ex^jan-se of wings : 50 — 60 mm.

Three J J from Kiriwiui, Trobriand Islands, March and April.

( ^«1 )

Subfamily ORTHOSTIXINAE.

23. Celerena cana sp. nov.

Forewings : pale yellow ; costa with a black streak to one-third, followed by a
black spot before middle; a slaty grey curved fascia at two-thirds, blackish on costa,
ending in anal angle; marginal space very pale whitish grey, except a pale yellow
fascia beyond the grey one.

Hindimngs : yellow, whitish towards base; a pale whitish grey marginal fascia,
broader towai'ds apex, its inner edge angled opposite the cell.

Head, I'alpi, collar, and abdomen yellow ; thorax and patagia whiter. Underside
like upper, but all the tints deeper ; the inner edge of the grey margin of botli wings
black.

Expanse of wings : GO mm.

Two S i from Fergnsson Island, November.

This species belongs to the group in which the antennae of the cj are armed at
one-third with a thick curled tuft of hair. The cell of forewings is without fovea,
but hairy on underside, and with a slight tuft of hair in its lower half before the
middle. Hind tibiae yellowish, with tuft of dark hair near base on the inner side.

24. Celerena griseofusa sp. nov.

Forewings: grey, paler and more yellowish grey towards base ; a jellow obli(|ue
truncated fascia from costa beyond middle to above anal angle, thickly edged with
blackish.

Ilindwlngs : yellow, with narrow grey hindmargin, internally black-edged, and
broader towards apex.

Face, vertex, and thorax yellow ; abdomen yellow, tinged with grey, .slightly
in 5 , strongly in cJ ; palpi blackish towards tips. Underside with the grey markings
blackish ; tuft of hind tibiae of c? blackish.

Expanse of wings : 60 mm.

Two S6, two 5 ?, from Fergusson Island, Septemlier to November.

In one (J and one ? the yellow fascia of forewings is distinctly broailer than in
the other two.

25. Eumelea aureliata sang-uinifusa subsp. nov.

In this form of aureliata Gueu. the ? ? are slightly more reddish than in the tyjie,
but the c?cJ are almost entirely deep orange-red above and blood-red l.ielow ; the base
is dusted with yellow, especially below the median vein, and there are two yellow
blotches along the submedian interspace between the lines; a larger yellow blotch
below costa beyond the middle, and a smaller one at apex and at middle of hind-
margin ; the liindwings have only the apical blotch yellow; thorax in front yellow ;
abdomen red. Possibly this c? form may be that Kgured by Cramer as rosalia.

Two iS(S, two 5 }, from Fergusson Island, September to December.

20. Eumelea uuipuncta sp. nuv.

Forewings: yellow, mucli dusted with dull (pvange fuscous-centred dots ; costa

marked with close fine puri)lish slrigae; traces of a curved line at one-fourth, marked

by somewhat larger fiiscous-orange spots on and above inner mai-gin ; an indistinct

fuscous-orange cell-blotch ; an obscure oblii|Ue fascia formed of fuscous-orange spots

2U

( 282 )

and blotches from inner niargin beyond middle towards apex, becoming obsolete in
the middle of the wing; hindinargin more thickly suffused with fuscous-orange and
dusted with purplish dots, forming blotches between the veins; purplish dots are also
scattered along all the veins; a deep purplish rather large round spot on the radial
towards hindmargiu, from which an indistinct submarginal band can be traced to anal
angle, formed of orange blotches with purple scales on them; a row of purplish spots
along hindmargiu between the veins ; fringe jiurplish grey.

Jlindunngs : like forewings in colour, with the oblique line of forewings produced
more distinctly as a central fascia marked with [uirple below costa ; a purple sjjot on
costa near apex, \vith two or three smaller ones in a line below it.

Thorax yellow; abdomen yellow, spotted with orange and purplish ; vertex yellow,
with bright red dots; face and palpi red above, yellow below; antennae reddish.
Underside yellow, with the spots and lines deei) purplish and much more strongly'
marked than above.

Expanse of wings : 68 mm.

One J from Fergusson Island, October.

Related to E. obliquifascia Warr., from Amboina.

Subfamily PSEUDOTERPNINAE.

27. Actenochroma (?) caesia sp. nov.

ForeiovMjs : slate-colour, the lines black-edged, with greenish yellow scales; two
short cm-ved lines close to base ; inner line at one-third, outer at two-thirds, and the
submarginal line, all black, denticulate, and wavy, starting from large black costal
spots ; discal ocellus large and black, with a black costal blotch above it ; an
interrujited crenulate black line before hindmargiu ; fringe slate-colour, mottled with
darker; the whole wing is thickly mottled with dark spots, mixed with a few yellowish
green scales.

HindiL'intjs : like forewings.

Thorax and patagia slate-colour, with a black Line across the fi-out ; abdomen paler,
with two black rings at base and black blotches along the back; head and palpi slate-
colour, dotted with blackish. Underside bluish slate-colour; the outer line and a
diffuse submarginal fascia black; forewings with large black cell-spot, hiudwings with
a small one ; costa of forewings ochreous, spotted with black.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

One 5 from Fergusson Island, December.

A very distinct species.

28. Actenochroma (?) prasina sp. nov.
F(yrewinrjs : green, slightly sjieckled with darker; co.sta with dark striae; a small
dark basal patch margined with blackish and dull red ; first and .second lines blackish,
irregularly dentate, widely separate on costa and approaching eacli other on inner
margin, the second elbowed at vein 4 ; enclosing in the c? a dark liver-coloured
fascia, mottled with fuscous and red towards the first line ; in the J the .space remains
green, with reddish mottlings along costa and a few specks along the lines; discal dot
black, distinct in 5 , obscured in S ; submarginal reddish fuscous, denticulate, starting
from a large costal blotch ; space beyond more or less clouded with darker in y , but
almost entirely green in cJ ; fringe mottled green and reddish, witli a more or less
continuous dark crenulate line at base.

( 283 )

Hindwinrjs: with denticulated dark central line edged with paler ; a pale sub-
marginal line with two dark reddish blotches on it ; discal dot reddish fuscous ; fringe
as in forewings.

Face green, with reddish central band; vertex green ; collar and base of jjatagia
reddish ; thorax, rest of patagia, and abdomen greenish. Underside of forewings, as
far as second line above the median vein, orange, leaWng a small green space beyond
the dark cell-spot ; the outer line edged with red; marginal area red speckled with
dark, leaving greenish spaces along outer line, at apex, and on middle of hindmargin ;
inner margin pale green. Hindwings wholly orange to second line, which is blackish
red, followed by a broad whitish green space ; margin broadly blackish, tinged with
red, leaving a small whitish blotch below middle. Underside of abdomen and legs
yellow.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

Four S S, five 5 5, from Fergusson Island, November and December.

29. Actenochroma (?) prasina ab. sufFusa ab. nov.

One 5 and three t? S differ so much on the upperside as to appear at first sight
to belong to another species, but, agreeing exactly as they do on the under surface,
they must be referred to prasina as an aberration. Instead of being nearly clear
green, these specimens are largely suffused with darker tints. In the c? S the usual
dark central fascia is confusedly interrupted in the middle, while on either side are
dark shades more or less contiguous ; the hindmargin is likewise much suffused with
dark, leaving a small pale blotch at middle ; in the hindwings the whole of the basal
two-thirds is dark, while the marginal area is much confused with dark shades.

All four specimens are from Fergusson Island, and caught at the same time as
the typical form.

.30. Pingasa angulifera sp. nov.

Foreivinrjs : very pale green, .slightly freckled with darker; costa finely dotted
with blackish; first line at one-third, reddish grey, starting from a black costal spot,
forming an acute angle outwards on the submedian fold; discal dot black; second
line black, sinuous, with black teeth externally along the veins, starting from a black
ccstal spot ; marginal area red-brown, leaving the apical area, a smaller blotch on
hindmargin, and another on inner margin beyond second line pale green ; sub-
marginal line denticulate, running paler through the reddish margin and Ijounding
the apical patch ; fringe pale green, with a dark marginal line where the red area
reaches the hindmargin.

Ilindu'iiujs : the same, with no inner line or discal dot, but the extreme base
speckled with fuscous reddish. Underside whitish, with basal half on forewings
tinged with pale fuscous ; both wings with a broad blackish border, marginal in
forewings, but leaving the apex white, scarcely touching the margin on hindwings;
forewings with large Ijlack discal spot.

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen green, the latter witli tlie Uifis reddish; palpi
white, reddish abo\e ; top of face with a black bar.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One ¥ from Fergusson Island, November.

( 284 )

Subfamily GEOMETEINAE.

31. Agathia cinerea sp. nov.

?. Fai'noings: green, the markings olive-grej', with transverse darker striae;
basal blotch grey, with a dark spot on outer edge above median and wholly dark
fuscous on inner margin, traversed close to base by a narrow green fascia, and
followed by a much broader one, which is succeeded by a narrow curved grey fascia
connected with a large grey crescent on the dlscocellular ; an irregular green fascia
comes next ; outer half of wing occupied by a broad grey fascia, with both edges
irregular, containing the outer line, which is marked by black dashes on the veins,
and running up to apex, which is fuscous ; the marginal area below the apex is green,
speckled with fuscous ; marginal line fuscous ; fringe white.

Hindwings : with dark basal blotch ; marginal two-thirils brown-grey, wit h
green blotch at apex, containing a blackish line from before apex to anal angle, more
or less obliterated below the centre by dull grey scales ; outer line indicated by black
lines on veins ; fringe whitish above the angle, fuscous below.

Top of face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen green, the segmental rings of abdomen
grey ; lower part of face and palpi reddish grey. Underside pale green ; forewings
irregularly blotched and speckled with fuscous grey; hindwings with a diffuse
dark grey submarginal fascia.

Expanse of wings : 42 mm.

Two ¥ ? from Fergusson Island, October and December.

This belongs to the same group as A. diversiformis Warr., in which the hind-
margin of hindwings runs straight from anal angle to end of vein 4.

32. Agathia diversilinea sp. no\-.

(J. Larger, on the average, than lycaemma Kollar, and differing in the following
points. In lycaenaria the central band below the middle is inclined basewards, the
lowest blotch reaching the inner margin evidently before the middle, and sloping
towards the base ; in diversilinea the lower arm of the central band is vertical ; the
lowest blotch is curved outwards and reaches the inner margin slightly beyond the
middle. The outer line is still more different : in lycaenaria (he line, which is
yellowish, is edged with three dark brown teeth below costa, and passing through a
large brown blotch on veins 3 and 4, not touching the margin, is then curved
inwards to a brown spot on inner margin before anal angle ; in diversiliiiea, on t lie
other hand, the line from the costa is broadly brown internally, edged with pinkish
grey outwardly ; the central blotch is obliquely placed, narrow, and connected with
the margin, the line thence running straight to anal angle and forming the edge of
the reddish grey marginal colouring which runs without any interruption, red-brown
or reddish grey, and toothed, to the radial ; this edge in lycaenaria is black-brown and
interrupted between the veins. Similarly in the hindwings the submarginal baud is
much broader and .straighter, the inner margin being without any trace of the dark
blotch which in lycaenaria marks the extremity of the outer line. These differences
are ecpially noticeable on the underside, where the dark markings are blood-red instead
of black-brown. The ? differs in a similar way from the ? oHyc(i<;narla.

Expanse of wings : c?, 40 mm. ; ? , 42 mm.

Three cJcJ, three ??, from Fergusson Island, November and December;
two ¥ ¥ from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, March and April.

( 285 )

33. Agathia subcarnea sp. nov.

S . Foretvlngs : bright green; costa pinkish grey, varied wit li fuscous lirown ; a
narrow yellowish brown basal blotch ; a slightly curved pinkish brown fascia before
the middle ; the edges darker brown, funnel-shaped below costa, and swollen at
middle and on inner margin ; marginal area red-brown ; its inner edge straight and
obtusely angled opposite the cell, deeper red-brown, immediately followed by a
pale pinkish grey line ; a subapical green patch, edged with yellow, forming a single
sinus outwardly and a double one inwardly, its top oval and yellow, its bottom round
and yellow ; fringe yellow.

Hindivings : with the marginal area and inner margin red-brown ; an o\al
yellow subapical patch, and a white spot before the tail ; fi-inge yellow, red-brown
about the tail. ? with the red-brown marginal area broader, varied with yellowish
externally, and with its inner edge and the pale line irregularly sinuous ; the sub-
apical patch of forewings flattened and irregular in shape.

Vertex, collar, base of patagia, and metathorax bright green; rest of patagia,
thorax, and abdomen brown-red, the abdomen varied with ochreous ; face and upper
liarts of palpi reddish, the latter ochreous below. Underside pale whitish or yellowish
green, the markings dark red in the (?, paler red in the ?.

Expanse of wings : cS, 42 mm. ; ? , 40 mm.

Three c?(?, two ? ? , from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, ;March to i\Iay, and fonr
i?c?, one ?, from Fergusson Island, (October to December.

Agathiopsis gen. nov.

Foreimngs : ample, triangular ; costa straight till just before apex ; apex slightly
produced; hindmargiu curved outwards in middle, more strongly in ? than (?, and
consequently more oblique below.

Hindwings : with inner margin lengthened ; hindmargin produced to points
at veins 4 and 6.

Metathorax tufted; antennae of (J shortly pectinated ; palpi horizontally porrect,
the terminal joint short ; hind tibiae with four spurs.

Neuration: forewings, cell not quite half the length of wing; discocellular
inangulated ; first median from about one-half, second and third from end of cell ;
upper radial stalked with last fom- subcostals, the first free. Hindwings with last two
medians and two subcostals stalked.

Abdomen red-brown, with snow-white dorsal spots, mo.st distinct in cj.

Type : Agtithlojjsis macvlnta sp. nov.

34. Agathiopsis basipuncta sp. nov.

cj. Forewings: pale yellowish green, the costa gilded; a red-brown bnsal patch on
mner margin ; first line marked by fine ferruginous scales, densest on inner margin ;
cell-spot small, deep black ; disc strewn with ferruginous scales; a red-brown ]iatch
with a purplish and darker centre towards the apex, with the veins beyond it and
some scattered scales ferruginous; a small red-brown patch at anal angle, with
scattered ferruginous scales above it ; marginal line fine, ferruginous ; fringe pale
ochreous, with brownish mottlings.

Hindwings : with base deep red-brown, followed l)y a gildeil space on inner
margin containing some red-Iirown marginal spots ; a larger brown blotch at one-
third ; cell-spot black ; exterior line at two-thirds, curved from costa, and forming

( 28G )

a large sinus outwards below the iiieiiian ; marginal space with ferruginous strigae,
which towards the line form a dull cloud with some black scales on it ; fringe pale
pinkish brown.

Palpi and face deep red ; vertex dark olive-green ; prothorax pale yellow-
green ; patagia olive-green at base, becoming reddish towards the tips ; thorax dark
reddish grey ; abdomen reddish grey, mixed with darker, with three white dorsal
triangles ; sides and anal segment pale ochreous. Underside pale greenish ochreous,
with a black patch towards apex of forewings.

? darker green, with the whole margin beyond the sinuous second line dull
reddish brown mixed with pinkish grey scales, the apex remaining green and running
down the hindmargin as far as the cell. Hindwings with the marginal space shaded
with fuscous grey ; the abdomen with the white -spots much reduced. Underside
with a broad black curved marginal fascia in the forewings ; the hindwings with
only the apex slightly blackish-tinged.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

•Six c? c?, four ? ? , from Fergusson Island, October to December.

35. Agathiopsis maculata sp. nov.

<?. Forewin(/8 : apple-green, shagreeued with paler; the costa greyish ; fir.st line
indicated by reddish dots on the veins placed in a curve ; second line irregularly
sinuous from inner margin beyond two-thirds to upper radial, where it runs outwards
to near the hindmargin, then vertical to vein 7, thence oblique into apex ; the whole
of the marginal space beyond this line is filled in with dark purplish brown, except
a small green patch on the margin between the second and third medians ; a dark
marginal line ; fringe pale pinkish brown.

Hindwinijs : with inner margin brown from base, widening to anal angle, where
it becomes a purplish grey and brown blotch ; a similar kite-shaped blotcli at apex
narrowing downwards, the tail connected with the blotch at anal angle, and cutting
off a large oblong green space on margin from vein 7 to 2 ; marginal line thick,
dark red-brown ; fringe pinkish grey, becoming reddish at the teeth and anal angle ;
a ferruginous cell-spot in both wings.

Face, collar, prothorax, and patagia green ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen reddish
grey dusted with blackish, with three snow-white triangles ; the anal segments and
sides of abdomen ochreous ; palpi and antennae lirownish. Underside whitish green,
the dark marginal space darker brown, and narrower than on the upjjerside.

? with the marginal space paler, pinkish brown, and much broader than in the
c?, the dark brown limiting line preceded by a yellowish tinge ; in the hindwings
the green marginal space is more restricted, and totally absent in the forewings;
under.side with the marginal markings black ; abdomen ]iinkish grey, with the white
spots obsolete.

Expanse of wings : c?, 38 mm. ; ? , 42 mm.

Several c? S and ? ? from Fergusson Island, September to December.

Anisogamia gen. nov.

Forewings: with costa hardly ciu\cd; apex obtuse; hindmargin subcrenulate,
curved.

Hindwiwjs: with inner margin lengthened; hindmargin crenulate, slightly
elbowed at end of third median.

Antennae of S shortly and uniformly pectinated nearly to apex, of ? simple ;

( -'•'*' )

palpi porrect, extending well beyond face ; second joint hairy, third smooth ; hind
tibiae of c? with four spurs and a long process at end ; frenulum present.

Neuration: forewings, cell half as long as wing; discocellular angulated ; first
median at two-thirds, second before end, third from end of cell ; lower radial from
just above the angle of discocellular; upper radial from upper angle; last four
subcostals stalked, first fi'ee, closely approximated to second towards costa. Hind-
wings, cell only one-third of wing ; discocellular straight, oblique ; radial from above
its centre ; the two subcostals and last two medians stalked. Scaling fine and
sparse; the wings semitransparent ; markings of the two sexes dissimilar.

Type : Anisogamia jneroides Wlk.

36. Anisogamia absona sp. nov.
(?. Foreiuinr/s : semitransparent sea-green, the veins dotted with white,
representing curved transverse lines ; base with three more or less interrupted white
curved lines ; a white blotch on the discocellular ; exterior and submarginal lines
represented by a series of white lunules'; the apex washed with white ; fringe green,
with white spots at base at the ends of the veins ; costa narrowly fuscous along basal
half, then broader, spotted with white throughout.

Hiiidwings : the same, with the base and inner margin whitish; a white linear
cell-mark ; exterior line on costa marked by a white lilotch, svith fulvous and green
scales at its centre.

Head, thorax, and abdomen green dotted with white ; antennae ferruginous ;
palpi externally bright ochreous orange. Underside whitish green ; liindwings with
a brown-black blotch at apex ; forewings with traces of a dark blotch.

? . Dull apple-green ; costa broadly dull white, freckled with fuscous and
connected with a similar-coloured discal blotch ; first line from costa at one-fifth
to inner margin at one-third, finely whitish; second line from costa at two-thirds,
forming a sinus outwards opposite the cell, then incurved, and again forming a sinus
outwards between veins 2 and 3 that nearly touches hindmargin, and reaching inner
margin at two-thirds, fuscous edged interruptedly with white, and followed by a
diffuse fuscous curved shade ; marginal area dirty white, containing a yellowish
green patch beyond the upper sinus ; fringe white with fuscous basal line.
Hindwings the same, without first line ; the inner margin narrowly fuscous and
white. P'ront of thorax and patagia green ; thorax and abdomen whitish ochreous,
with sordid fuscous scales ; face and vertex white ; palpi bright ochreous. Underside
pale whitish green without markings.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One c? from Fergusson Island, November ; one ? from Kiriwiiii, [March.

Differing much, like all the genus, sexually; but almost certainly sexes of tlie
same species.

37. Berta olivescens sji. nov.

Forewings: dull olive-green; first line marked by whitish spots on veins,
starting from an elongate white costal streak; discal spot white, with an elongate
white costal streak above it ; outer line very wavy, each undulation marked
inwardly and outwardly by a whitish spot ; submarginal line fornieil of white
spots ; fringe concolorous, with white spots at ends of veins.

Hinthvings : the same, with all the white spots larger.

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green, the abdomen with white dorsal spots;

( 288 )

face and palpi brown ; vertex wbite. Underside of forewings pale yellowish green ;
of liindwings whitish, with faint greenish marginal fascia.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Four 6 6 from Fergusson Island, October to December.

Chrysochloroma gen. nov.

Foremtigs : ample, triangular ; cosia faintly convex ; hindmargin oblique,
imperceptibly elbowed at one-third below apex ; anal angle well expressed.

Hindiohigs : kite-shaped, the inner margin rather long; hindmargin creiuilate
from anal angle to middle, which is slightly angulated.

Palpi porrect or obliquely upeurved ; the second joint stout, squamous, the third
minute; tongue present; antennae of c? thickly pectinated for three-fourths; hind
tibiae of c? slightly thickened, with three spurs, the outer median being absent.

Neuration : forewings, cell not half as long as wing ; discocellular curved ; first
median at two-thirds, second and third from lower end of cell ; lower radial from upper
end of cell ; upper radial stalked with the last four subco.stals ; first subcostal free, but
approaching costal ; costal deflexed to costa from the point of ap[)roach ; the second
subcostal also approaching first, the first similarly deflexed to costa away from the
second ; the latter in its turn deflexed from the point of approach of the stalk of the
third and fourth. liindwings with discocellular straight ; the two subcostals and last
two medians stalked ; radial from the upper end of cell.

Type : Chrysochloroma meeki sp. nov.

38. Chrysochloroma meeki sp. nov.

Forewings : deep green ; the fringe red-brown, with brighter red base ; first line
from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, curved below costa, obscurely
yellowish green; second line from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin,
also bent below costa, yellowish green ; cell-spot small, rust-red.

Hirahvings : with no first line; the cell-spot much larger; the second Hue
curved.

Palpi and face red-brown above, paler below ; antennae green ; vertex white ;
thorax and abdomen green, the latter with small white spots on dorsum. Underside
of forewings green on costal half, the rest from the cell becoming orange-yellow;
hindwings wholly deep orange-yellow ; fringes of both wings red-brown.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

Three S c? from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, March to May.

Named in honour of the collector.

oi). Comostola flavicincta sp. nov.

Foi'ewitiga: apple-green; the costa bright yellow, with a few purple flecks on
its lower edge ; first line marked by three ferruginous dots on subcostal, median, and
submedian veins, the last the largest, and with a purplish edge internally; exterior
line denoted by seven regular ferruginous dots, the lowest the largest, and edged out-
wardly with purplish; a large ferruginous spot on discocellular, edged with briglit
yellow and centred by a broken metallic streak ; extreme hindmargin and fringe
bright yellow, preceded by a bronzy purplish series of contiguous lunules, edged
inwardly by a distinct ferruginous line.

Hindninga : like forewings, but the discal spot larger, with the metallic mark
trifid.

( 289 )

Thorax and abdomen green ; metathorax with a dull yellow tuft ; head and
antennae bright yellow; face and palpi ferruginous. Underside paler, with the
markings showing through.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

One c? from Pergusson Island, November.

Distinguished from perlepidaria Wlk. by the yellow head and antennae.

Diplodesma gen. nov.

Fm'evnnga : short and broad ; costa straight, curx'ed at base and before apex,
which is blunt ; hindmargin curved.

Hindwiiu/s : with distinct projection at vein 4.

Palpi rather long, obliquely ascending; tongue present; antennae of c? shortly
ciliated, of ? simple; frenulum absent.

Neuration : forewings, cell about one-third of wing; first median nervule at
two-thirds; second and third stalked; upper radial stalked with the five subcostals ;
the first and second, one after the other, running into and coalescing with the costal.
Hindwings with last two medians and both subcostals stalked.

Type : Diplodesma celataria Wlk.

The species which I described as IdiocJdora contrada (Nov. Zool. III. p. 107),
from the Khasia Hills, is evidently identical with this, and my name must sink
\^'alker's type of celaiavia was from Sula.

40. Episothalma obscurata sp. nov.

Foreutings : dull olive-green, the costal and marginal areas dark green ; costal
edge yellow, striated obliquely with dark green ; first line at one-third, vertical and
wavy lielow, paler green, with a darker outer edge ; second line at two-thirds, wavy and
denticulate, paler, with a darker inner edge ; marginal line dark green ; fringe dull
green, slightly darker at ends of veins.

Hindimngs : like forewings, without basal line, and with a dark green discal
mark.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous; face and palpi the same; front of vertex
narrowly white. Underside whitish green ; hindwings with broad black marginal
fascia; forewings with black fa,><cia from anal angle, divergent from iiiargiM and
becoming obsolete before costa.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

Three S i from Fergusson Island, No\ember and December.

In the genus Episothalma Swinh., vein 11, the first subcostal, is free, and does
not anastomo.se, as in Chlorodantopera, with 12 and 10. The hind tibiae of the <i
are slightly but not prominently thickened.

Halterophora gen. nov.

Fm-ewings : auqile ; costa straight till near apex; apex somewhat produced;
hindmargin faintly bent in beneath apex, and then outcurved ; anal angle distinct.

Hindwings : with inner margin lengthened; hindmargin suhcrenulatc, with a
short tail at vein 4.

iMetathorax with suberect tuft. I'alpi thick, obliquely ascending, the terminal
jomt short and blunt ; tongue present; antennae of S pectinate for two-thirds ; hind
tibiae thickened, with two pairs of spurs; the frcuuhini thickened towards extremity
and ending in a club; the retiuaculum also with a seal} apiiendage.

( 290 )

Neu/ralion : forewings, cell half as long as wing; discocellular inangulated ;
first median at two-thirds, second and third from end of cell ; lower radial from above
the middle of discocellular, upper from upper angle ; last four subcostals stalked, the
second rising just before the fifth, the first free. Hindwings with last two medians and
two subcostals stalked. Scaling thick and woolly.
Type : Halteroiihora hicolor sp. nov.

■11. Halterophora bicolor sp. no\-.

Fwexvings : dull green; the costa striated fuscous and white; the lines
indicated by deeper green shades and marked by white dots on the veins, the lowest
joined to one on the inner margin; fringe mottled alternately fuscous and white;
cell-spot round, black.

Hindtrinr/s : the same, without the basal dots.

Head, face, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dull green ; the latter with anal
segment, sides, and dorsal spots white ; antennae brown and white ; metathoracic tuft
ochreous. Underside of forewings pale green ; costa yellowish, striated with brown ;
cell-spot dark ; fringe as above ; underside of hindwings white ; pectus and femora of
legs green ; tarsi white, spotted with fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

Four (J c? from Fergusson Island, October to December.

42. Heinithea pictifimbria sp. nov.

Forewings : glaucous green, with the two lines whitish, as in If. insulnria Guen.
and tritonaria Wlk. ; the costa yellowish, with sparse dark striae ; hindmargiu with
a thick dark purplish Une, interrupted by white wedge-shaped spots ; fringe yellow
and fuscous, with a yellowish basal line, and dark spots opposite the white dots.

Hindunngs : like forewings, with dark green cell-spot and no basal line.

Thorax and abdomen yellowish green, the latter with very slender pale red-
edged tufts; vertex and shaft of antennae white; face and palpi dark red-brown.
Underside yellowish green, the costa of both wings yellowish ; hindwings with an
oblong black-brown blotch at apex ; forewings with the extreme hindmargin and
fringe at anal angle brown.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Three S S from Fergusson Island, October to December.

43. Hemithea subflavida sp. nov.

Foreiuings : dull green, the costa spotted fuscous and ochreous; the lines
denoted by thick darker green shades at one-third and two-thirds, wavy and denticu-
late ; fringe green, with slightly darker green marginal line.

. Hindwings : the same, without the first line ; cell-mark linear, dark green.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; abdomen without any dor.sal red marks
or tufts ; face and palpi olive-brown. Underside of forewings pale gilded green ; of
hindwings whitish green, with an olive-brown blotch at apex.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One (S from Fergusson Island, October.

Metallochlora gen. nov.
A development of Hemithea. witii which it agrees in neuration and in the
structure of the antennae ; differing in the hind tibiae of the J having four sj)urs

( ^91 )

instead of two, in the abdomen of the c? possessing five raised bosses of metallic
scales instead of the three reddish tufts, as well as in the scaling and markings, the
scaling being smooth and fine and the markings silvery fasciae instead of denticulated
lines.

Type : MetaUochlora nunki sp. nov.

Of the two species which, by reason of their both possessing the metallic tufts of
the abdomen, I refer to this genus, meeki, the type, has the hindwings with a pro-
minent tooth in the middle of hindmargin ; while the other, lineata, has the tooth
small, and the margin above it excised opposite the cell. Another ]ioint of difference
is that in meehi vein 10 of forewings rises before vein 7 from the common stem,
while in lineata the reverse is the case.

44. MetaUochlora lineata sp. nov.

Foreivings: olive-green, the costa ochreous drab, with distinct fuscous .striae ; two
diffuse silvery streaks from base, one running to inner margin beyond middle, the
other over the black cell-spot in the direction of the apex; before the hindmargin is
another, more distinct, silvery streak from inner margin before anal angle, slightly
diverging from hindmargin and recurved to costa ; fringe pinkish ; marginal line
concise, subci-enulate, black, finely edged on both sides with yellowish ; basal two-
thirds of wing slightly darker green than the rest.

Hindwiwjs : like forewings ; the outer silvery streak curved ; the darker liasal
two-thirds irregularly washed with silvery scales and with a paler green patch on
discocellular.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous ; dorsal drops pinkish, placed on black squares,
separated by white streaks, and lined laterally with pinkish grey scales ; face and
palpi pinkish brown. Underside dull pale green ; forewings, with cell-spot and a
diffuse straight fascia from anal angle to costa, blackish ; hindwings with olive-brown
apical blotch.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from Fergusson Island, October ; two 6 S, one j, from Kiriwini, Troliriand
Islands, April.

45. MetaUochlora meeki sp. nov.

Formvings : dull yellowish green, the costa slightly spotted with fuscous and
tinged with grey ; cell-spot faintly darker ; a darker green diffused wavy oblique
streak from middle of inner margin to costa at two-thirds, edged within with silvery,
curved round along the costa and then again to inner margin parallel to hindmargin,
and edged externally by a broadish silvery streak; hindmargin with a yellowish line,
preceded by a row of black linear dashes ; fringe dull silvery grey.

Hindwings: with a dark green shade on the discocellular; the outer line as in
forewings, but curved ; faint traces of a straight sihery line from about middle of
costa to anal angle ; the yellowish marginal line running into the tail.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous, the metallic drops pinkish grey ; face
brown, darker above ; palpi ochreous, ferruginous at tips. Underside dull yellow-
green ; the marginal dashes expressed; hindwing with small brown-black blotch
at apex.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Four (J (J from Fergusson Island, October to December.

( 292 )

46. Oenospila(?) floresaria Mlk.

Six c? c? from Fergusson Island, October and November.

Though probably referable here, these specimens show traces of a pale bent
exterior line (in one case plainly marked by white vein-dots), which Walker does not
mention. The ferruginous marginal line is broad, and interrupted at the extremities
of the veins by wedge-shaped white spots; and the white costa of the forewings is
edged beneath from apex to outer line by a broad ferruginous streak. In one
example the veins also below the apex are tinged with ferruginous. This species
ditiers from Oenospila strix Butler and Oe. jlavi/itsata Wlk. in two points. The
c? antennae are uniformly pectinated for two-thirds; in the other two broadly
pectinated only to one-half. Again, the hind tibiae have four spurs instead of two, of
nearly equal size ; whereas in the single pair of the others the inner spur is extremely
long and slender. Of the six examples received, four are markedly smaller than the
remaining two.

47. Oenospila stellata sp. nov.

Nearest to Oe. strix Butler, liut somewhat smaller, the spots lighter and brighter
red ; discal spot of hindwing bright orange-red ; blotch on inner margin of hindwing
always smaller : hindmargin of both wings with brick-red triangular marks between
the veins, and liirije white spots at their extremities ; the fringes reddish ; costa of
forewings broadly white, becoming red-brown towards apex.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

Three S 6 , one $, from Fergusson Island, October and December.

Pyrrhorachis gen. nov.

Fwewings: triangular; costa straight ; apex blunt ; hindmargin curved.

Ilindivings : with inner margin lengthened, hindmargin rounded.

Antennae of S with apical half simple, the basal half pectinated ; palpi slender,
extending well beyond forehead ; frenulum absent.

Keitration: forewings, cell one-third of wing; discocolluiar inangulalcd ; last
two medians stalked; upper I'adial stalked with the five subcostals ; liindwings
with last two medians and both subco.stals stalked; ground-colour of wings pale blue-
green, the wings margined with red ; abdomen with red and iilack dorsal stripes.

Type : Pyrrlwrachis cwnuta sp. nov.

48. Pyrrhorachis cornuta sp. nov.
Comostola pyn-hogona Meyr., Tr. E. S. (1889), p. 491 (nee Wlk.).

Differs from )ii/n'ho;/oiia Wlk., from India, in the marginal red border being
decidedly broader, with a red projection towards centre of wing from before the anal
angle; the blackish crenulate line, which traverses the red border, is in the Indian
form mucli broader and touches the liiudmargin. Mr. Meyrick's description of the
New (iuinea form is very accurate; his two J $ were from Port Moresby. In a single
example in the British Museum, from Mr. Moore's collection, labelled " Andamans,"
the projection from the anal angle is slightly shown.

One c? from I'ergusson Island, November.

( 20:i )

49. Thalassodes albifusa sp. nov.

Forewinr/s : dark green, with two oblique diffuse broad greyish white fasciae; one
from middle of inner margin to upper edge of cell, and embracing the black cell-spot;
the other submarginal, extending to the lower radial ; fringe green ; costa yellowish.

Hindwings : similar, the base whitish.

P'ace, palpi, vertex, and thorax green ; front of vertex and shaft of antennae
white. Abdomen whitish, tinged above with green ; basal segments blackish green.
Forewings pale whitish green.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One S from Fergusson Island, November.

Subfamily STERRHINAE.

oO. Antitrygodes parvimacula sp. now

Forewings: stone-colom-, tinged with pink and thickly dusted with grey specks;
the costa finely ochreous ; a small green blotch near base below the median, and a
green spot above it ; first line obsolete ; two olilong irregularly oval green blotches,
one on either side of the discocellular, a smaller round one between the first and
second medians, and an oblong vertical one, sometimes divided into two, below the
median ; a cm"ved cloudy brownish shade just beyond ; a dull brown submarginal line,
outwardly curved to near the anal angle, followed by three green subapical lunules ;
a dark brown crenulate marginal line ; cilia concolorous.

Hindtvings : like forewings, but without the green basal blotch.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, the latter with green dorsal spots;
upper half of face and collar ferruginous ; lower half of face and vertex white. Under,
side pale ochreous, tinged with reddish ; both wings with a curved dark brownish red
submarginal band.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? from Fergusson Island, December; one c?, two $5, from Kiriwini,
Trobriand Islands, March, April, and May. In two of the examples from Kiriwini
the green markings have become bright ferruginous.

The hindmargins of the wings are only faintly crenulate, as in cwiieilinea Wlk.,
not deeply excised, as in diviaaria Wlk. and ccgraia Feld.: from which species it may
be likewise at once distinguished by the smaller green spots with rounded margins.

Ptochophyle gen. nov.

Foretvin^s : short and broad; costa straight; apex blunt, square; hindmargin
olilique only above anal angle, bowed in the middle.

Hiadwiiigs : with hindmargin faintly crenulate and with a slight projection
at vein 4 ; the anal angle prominent.

Antennae of c? strongly pectinate ; palpi very short ; hind tibiae with four spurs.

Neuration: forewings, cell not half the length of wing; discocellular vertical,
almost obsolete; first median at two-thirds, second before the end of cell; lower
radial from centre of discocellular, ujiper from top end of cell ; last four subcostals
stalked, the first anastomosing with them to form a single areole; the first from
one-third of cell, the stalk of the other four at two-thirds. Hindwings with last two
medians and two subcostals from the ends of cell.

Type: Plocliophglc nolata sp. nov.

To this genus also belongs volutaria Swiuh. = tristictda Swinh.

( --'01 ^

51. Ptochopliyle notata sp. nov.

ForeiuiTigs: yellowish ochreous, dusted witli orange speckles, the markings dull
red-brown ; costs broadly brown ; a thick vertical fascia near base, enlarged along
the median and submedian veins ; cell-spot large, round, white, edged with ochreous,
then with dark brown, followed by a dark brown curved central line, incurved below
the median, and forming lunules between the veins ; exterior line similar, thickened
below costa and above inner margin, and approximated to central line below the
median; submarginal line interrupted, blotchy; all the veins in the lower half
of wing dark brown ; marginal line dark brown ; fringe ochreous.

UindimiKjs: the same, but with only one line beyond the discal spot, whieh
is strongly outcurved in middle ; marginal area above anal angle wholly red-brown.

Head, thorax, and abdomen coucolorous ; face darker. Underside paler, with
the markings all dull pinkish.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One 6 from Fergusson Island.

52. Ptochophyle volutaria innotata subsp. nov.
Along with four specimens of P. volutaria Swinh., taken in Fergusson Island
in the mouths September to December, is a <? from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, taken
in April, which is of the usual olive-ochreous ground-colour, thickly dusted with pink
scales, but without any markings whatever, except the oblique line from costa that
forms the outside edge of the usual central fascia ; fringes paler, without any trace
of darker marginal line ; cell-spots obsolete.

53. Ptychopoda (? j sericeipennis sp. nov.

Foreimigs: silky ochreous, with numerous rufous ochreous obscure wavy Unes,
two submarginal being the most distinct; the margin itself rufous; a small dark
discal spot ; fringe long and .silky, with minute dark dots at base at the ends of the
veins.

Hindivings : the same, with the cell-spot hardly visible.

Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous ochreous ; face reddish. I'nderside the
same, with the markings still more obscure.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

One ? from Fergusson Lsland, October.

Subfamily TKICHOPTERYGINAE.
Pardodes gen. nov.

(?. Fwewbvjs : with costa straight or faintly sinuous, convex before apex, which
is strongly rounded ; hindmargin strongly curved.

Ilindwings : narrow, with round hindmargin.

Abdomen long, with the claspers very long and exserted ; eyes large ; antennae
thick, llattened ; palpi twice as long as head, the second joint inclined upwards,
the third poiTect ; tongue ill-developed ; legs long; hind tibiae with four spurs.

Neurativn: forewings, cell half as long as wing; finst median at two-thirds,
second close before end, third from end of cell ; lower radial from centre of disco-
cellular, upper from top angle of cell ; first two and last three subcostals stalked, the
second anastomosing with stem of the other three, forming a single areole ; the
fourth and fifth cui-ved downwards in middle. Hindwings with discocellular

( 295 )

angulated, the radial from the angulation; costal anastomosing with subcostal to
near end of cell ; both subcostal nervules from upper angle ; first median at three-
fourths, second before end of cell, third from end ; iuuer-margiual area restricted,
with one short internal vein.

Type : Pardodes Jiavimacidata sp. nov.

54. Pardodes flavimaculata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale yellow, with four double slightly curved and interrupted orange
bands, forming blotches on inner margin and above the median ; hindmargin with
an apical blotch and another above anal angle connected with the submarginal band ;
some orange marks at base; fringe very short, yellow.

Hiudunngs : yellow, tinged with orange.

Underside duller yellow, with the orange markings fainter.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, mottled with orange.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Three cJc? from Fergusson Island, November and December.

55. Remodes brunnescens sp. nov.

Forewings : dull silvery grey, crossed by deep olive-green lines and shades ;
five vertical and wav}' before middle; the second and fifth broadest, the fifth forming
a blotch on costa ; cell-spot dark olive-green, in a broader pale fascia of ground-
colour ; four postmedian lines, the first two vertical, the others wavy and excurved
between veins 7 and 2, the first and fourth much narrower than the second and
third ; two broad excurved submarginal shades, the inner one double, with a paler
line down the centre ; fringe grey like the margin ; the scales around the anal
incision are darker green.

Hindvnngs : brownish fuscous.

Face, palpi, head, and thorax olive-green ; abdomen oehreous grey ; antennae
dark fuscous grey. Underside olive-lirown, tinged with yellowish towards inner
margin ; tibial tuft black and brown; lateral tufts of abdomen oehreous; anal tuft
bright ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One (^, Fergusson Island, December.

56. Sauris nigricincta sp. nov.

Forewings: pale oehreous, covered with dull olive-green denticulated lines, which
in parts are darkened with blackish scales; all the lines blackish at costa ; the ante-
median lines blackish below the median, and forming a blackish blotch on inner
margin from near base to middle ; cell-spot oblique, blackish ; all the lines between it
and margin between veins 3 and 5 blackish, and on either side of vein 2 ; sub-
marginal line blackish from apex to below middle, then olive-green ; a row of black
marginal spots; fringe green.

Tlindvdngs : dark grey.

Collar, thorax, and base of abdomen olive-green ; abdomen grey ; vertex and base
of antennae pale greenish grey ; face and palpi dark olive-green; antennae, front of
vertex, and a line in front of each shoulder deep black. Underside dull greenish
grey.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One <S, Fergusson Island, October.

( 20(1 )

Subfamily DEILINIINAE.

57. Borbacha parviscripta Warr.
One ?, two SS, ill good condition from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, dated April
and Way, and one ?, three SS, all somewhat worn, from Fergusson Island,
Sei)temher to December, agree well with the type described Nov. ZooL. III. p. 130,
from S. Java, except in being somewhat larger.

o8. Scardainia fasciata sp. nov.

Formdngs ; with base and costa dull leaden-grey, speckled with black ; a tine
vertical crimson fascia at one-fifth, preceded on inner margin by an orange blotch ; a
thicker crimson fascia at one-fourth; a broad central crimson fascia, swollen below
costa, and containing a silvery discal spot ; a slightly curved broader orange fascia at
four-fifths, containing scattered black strigae ; a dull crimson submargiual fascia with
a few black strigae on it, and the veins across it leaden-grey ; all these fasciae are
separated one from another by dull leaden-grey fasciae of uniform width, the first two
vertical, the third angled beyond the cell, the fourth slightly waved, the fifth
marginal, containing a row of black dots between the veins; fringe with inner half
dull crimson, the outer half leaden-grey.

Hindwings: the same, without the leaden-grey costal margin.

Thorax and abdomen leaden-grey, tinged with orange-crimson ; collar, face, and
palpi fuscous. Underside pale yellow, with broad blackish marginal bands.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One c? from Fergusson Island, October.

Subfamily PLUTODINAE.

59. Plutodes signifera sp. nov.
Forewings: yellow, darker towards costa, which is yellow throughout, washed
with silvery scales; a brown basal blotch on inner margin, edged by a darker metallic
line; terminal half of wing pale pinkish brown, washed with yellowish, and edged
by a metallic leaden line, irregularly D-shaped, the inner edge slightly waved and
oblique; a little before the middle of this blotch is a dull wavy brown shade; fringe

yellow.

Hindwings: the same, but the liasal blotch is continued down the inner margin
nearly to anal angle ; the D-shaped blotch is narrower.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellowish brown ; vertex and antennae pale
yellow. Underside dull yellowish, the markings faintly brown.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

Five S S from PVrgusson Island, October to December.

A single ? with the brown markings much darker, the apical ones rounded and
more restricted, very much like P. diacigera Butler, is probably the .same species
as the c?cJ above described. P. discigera is recorded by .Mr. Meyrick from Port
Moresby, but he does not state the sex. The jiresent ? differs from discigera only in
the bent margin of the basal patch of the liindwing, which in discigera runs straight
to the inner margin at one-half.

The specimen is marked November, Fergusson Island.

(297 )

Subfamily BRACCINAE.

00. Craspedosis semiplaga sp. nov.
Foreinngs : I^lack, with a narrow obliijuc white fascia from below costa at middle
to above anal angle, of nearly uniform width fliroughout.
Hindivings : wholly black.

Body and underside black ; forewings with the white fascia of uppersidi>.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
Two 6<S, one ¥, from Fergusson Island, November.

CI. Craspedosis uniplaga sp. nov.

Fore^mnfjs : black, with a rather narrow oblique white fascia from below middle
of costa to above anal angle, narrowest at top, swollen in tlie middle, and lilunf,
slightly incm-ved, below.

Hindivings : with a large round white spot fdling the basal half.

Head, thorax, and alidomen black. Underside the same.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One cJ, one ?, from Fergusson Island, November and December.

02. Craspedosis funebris sp. nov.

Wings above dull smoky brown-black, with a purplish and greenish tinge in
certain lights. Forewings with extremely faint traces of a slightly paler fascia from
middle of costa to anal angle. Underside darker, the traces of the fascia on fore-
wings more distinct.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One ? from Fergusson Island, November.

The solitary example is worn and without antennae.

0,3. Panaethia flexilinea sp. nov.

Forewings: slate-colour; a black spot at base; a pair of black basal lines,
curved outwards in middle and thickened on the median vein, incurved towards base
below ; a black central line, slightly outcurved in the upper part, vertical below,
touching a large black oval cell-spot ; an oblique black line thickened on the veins
and slightly excurved above inner margin ; a broad black fascia-form line parallel to
hindmargin ; a submarginal series of spots, oval above and rounded below ; a marginal
series of blotches ; the spots and blotches of the last two series separated by the paler
veins; fringe blackish.

Hindwings : the same, with only a single basal line.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark slate-colour; face and palpi darker. Under-
side dark cloudy blackish, with the cell-spots black.

Expanse of wings : 46 mm.

Four cJ c? from Fergusson Island, Septemlier to Decendier.

04. Panaethia obsoleta sp. nov.

Forewings: dull smoky slate-colour; a deep black oval cell-spot; (irsi line
indistinct, marked by a dull black costal sfiot and another at base of first median ; a
fine curved blackish exterior line, obsolete below tirst median ; a submarginal row of
dull blackish lilotches ; fringe concolorous.

21

( 298 )

Hindinngs : the same, but without first line.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; eyes brown. Underside the same, with
the cell-spots only black.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

Four S S from Fergusson Island. October to December.

fio. Panaethia atrimargo sp. nov.

Foreivinf/s : yellow ; the costa broadly black ; hindmargin black fi-om just beyond
middle of costa to before anal angle; its inner edge curved and slightly waved; no
trace of grey subterminal shade, as in cyanoxantlui Aleyr.

Ilindwings : with the marginal one-fourth black.

Face, thorax, and abdomen yellow; collar blackisli ; pal[ii fuscous. Under.side
like upper.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One $ from Fergusson Island, December.

Subfamily EUBYJINAE.

C6. Cusiala semiumbrata sp. nov.

FoTCtvinigs : white, with dark atoms; the whole wing, except along inner margin
and a patch at middle of hindmargin, overspread with rufous fuscous, the base along
costa being somewhat paler ; first line at one-third, blackish, angulated ; outer line at
two-thirds, irregularly dentate, excurved opposite the cell, and incurved below it, where
it throws out an angle to touch the central line ; central line vertical and wavy,
touching an irregular S-shajjed discal mark, and nearly touching outer line on inner
margin ; submarginal line parallel and near to hindmargin, slightly waved ; a row of
black spots along hindmargin between veins ; fringe white, fuscous above.

Hi'udwings : white, speckled with fuscous olive, without dark suffusion; the
extreme base fuscous; two sinuous bent blackish lines, one before, the other beyon<l
the middle; submarginal line black and straight from anal angle to ojiposite cell,
then angled to costa ; fringe white.

P'ace and palpi dark grey ; vertex and thorax smoky grey ; abdomen whitish, grey
at base. Underside of forewings dirty white at base and along inner margin ; apical
half dull smoky grey, except the whitish spot in middle of hindmargin; hindwings
■wholly dull white.

Expanse of wings : (iO mm.

One cJ from Fergusson Island, December.

Subfamily ASCOTINAE.

G7. Cliogada epistictis .Meyr., Tr. K. S. (1889), p. 499.
The examination of seventeen specimens from Fergusson and Trobriand Islands
shows this to be a much more variable species than Mr. Meyrick's description would
lead one to suppose. Indeed, I am not sure that the species described by him on the
previous page as lioarmia caliicrussa, also from Port iMoresby, is not one of its
aberrations; and if such should prov(! to be the case, the name cnlUcrossa nmst be
retained for tiie species. The " flat spreading tuft of white scales from posterior edge
of thorax covering base of abdomen in the c? " is very distinct in all the c?c?. Of
this, in adlicrossa, Mr. Meyrick makes no mention ; but his description of the ^

( 299 )

tallies precisely with one of the aberrations received from Kiriwini, Trohriand Islands.
In view of the wonderful variability shown by these examples, I have thought it. well
to give a brief description of the four principal aberrations, premising that Meyrick's
type-form is pale ochreous, with fuscous irrorations.

ab. fasciata ab. nov.

S. Ground-colour as in type-form ; a broad blackish fascia occupying the space
between median and postmedian lines of forewings, and extending somewhat beyond
the latter ; in the hindwings forming a still broader blackish central fascia ; basal
line of forewings and submarginal line of both wings strongly marked with blackish;
in the forewings opposite the cell two black streaks connect the submarginal line with
the hindmargin ; abdomen with blackish band corresponding to the band of hindwings.
In several of the whiter forms, otherwise agreeing with Meyrick's description, the
hindwings have a distinct greyish or fuscous central fascia, but the dark markings in
general are not so pronounced as in the aberration /M6ci«i«.

ab. semialba ab. nov.

c?. Forewinfjs : entirely suffused with blackish fuscous, e.xcept a blotch at apex
and on middle of hindmargin, and a semicircular space from base of costa to inner
margin beyond middle, which are pale with fuscous specklings ; submarginal line only
distinct and edged with ]ialer.

Himhvinc/s : witli only the apical region blackish; the lines only clouded with
lilack.

One S from Fergusson Island.

ab. rufigl'isea ab. nov.

¥. F(yreu!ings : wholly dull grey, with a reddish tinge, the veins dusted ochreous
and fuscous ; space between first line and median shade whitish ; cell-spot prominent,
(lull grey, with whitish scales in centre ; a dark fuscous submarginal blotch below apex.

Hindwiiiijs : the same, but the whole basal third white; fringes of both wings
whitish.

One ? from Kiriwini, Troliriand Islands.

ab. suffusa ab. nov.

¥. Forewings: wholly sufl'used with dark reddish grey; a yellowish jiatch at
liase ; the first line preceded and the second followed by an irregular Iiand of yellowish
and blackish .scales, the vein.s being yellow towards hindmargin.

Ulndivings: the same; fringes of botii wings dull grey.

Abdomen grey ; thorax and head whitish gre}'.

One 5 from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands.

This aberration, except in point of size, answers well to the description of
Meyrick's 5 callicrossa ; hut nearly all the examples under consideration are from
48 to 50 nmi. in expanse.

The undersides nf all the above forms agree, being pale or dull smoky cinereous,
with large black cell-spots and blackish submarginal shade, leaving apex and spot
in middle of hindmargin of forewings and the whole hindmargin of hindwings paler.
The pale shades are, as a rule, more developed in the ? than in the <S.

( 300 )

0)8. Elphos subrubida sp. nov.

Foreu'inf/s : whitish, dusted with fuscous and ferruginous; the three lines, as
usual, double, dark fuscous ; traces of a darker suffusion between the exterior and
submarginal lines from costa to hindmargin in middle.

Uindinncjs : similar.

Head and thorax fuscous; abdomen paler. Underside of forewings whitish ; a
large cell-spot, dark ; a very broad submarginal dark fascia not reaching inner margin
and touching hindmargin opposite the cell. Hindwings with the submarginal fascia
very broad at costa, narrowing to anal angle ; costal region whitish ; all the rest of
the wing dull reddish orange.

Expanse of wings : 90 mm.

One ? , Fergusson Island, October.

The single ? is in too pioor condition to admit of more detailed description, but
is sufBcientl}' distinguished by the luiusual coloration of the hindwings lioneath.

Zygoctenia Wan-., Nov. Zool. II. p. 128.
The opportunity of examining a series of inKdesm good condition of the following
.species has enabled me to correct the original diagnosis of this genus in one point.
In the c? the outer side of the shaft of the antennae is armed with strong fascicles of
cilia, appearing almost pectinated, the inner side it'ilh simple cilia; the ujiper
surface of the shaft being clothed with thick hairlike scales. The genus is a develop-
ment of Gyadroma l^winh., and with it must be referred to the Medusina group, vein
11 of forewings being given off from 12, and 10 being free.

00. Zygoctenia albisparsa sp. nov.

(?. Foreivings: red-brown, much dotted with white; the markings indistinct,
darker brown; first at one-fourth, denticulate; second at three-fourths, denticulate, the
teeth marked by blackish vein-dots ; incurved below middle, where it is approached
by an obscure curved brown shade from costa beyond middle ; submarginal line wavy,
edged and indicated by paler; a black cell-spot ; fringe red-brown.

Hi'iubniu/s : like forewings ; the central brown streak curved.

The white dots, though sometimes occurring over the whole wing, are more
often confined to the space between the central and outer lines. The ? is paler,
the ground-colour being more broken up by ochreous tints, especially along the
hindmargin, where the apex and lower half of wing are strikingly paler. Underside
dark red-brown, with irregular wliite frecklings, whicli are sometimes (juite wanting.

Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous cinereous; the tufts of hair on underside of
hindwings rufous ; ridge of hair on antennae fuscous ; tufts of hair on hind tibiae and
femora of (J ochreous, those at the base of the femora blackish.

I'^xpanse of wings : 02 mm.

Seven cjj, one ?, from Fergus.son Island, November and December.

Paradromulia gen. nov.

Forewinrjs : with costa sinuous, convex near base and towards apex, incurved
between ; apex and hindmargin rounded, the latter subcrenulate.

Hindii'itifja : with hindmargin rounded and more strongly crenulate.

Antennae of S finely ciliated, of ? simple ; palpi short, very stout, iipcurved.

( ^<»1 )

teniiinal joint niiimte ; hind tiljiae of <? swollen, with a pencil of hairs ; jiectus, femora,
and base of abdomen hairy ; fovea of forewings present. Hindwings of <? with a
ridge of hair beneath along the snbmedian fold.

Nciu-alioii: forewings, 10 and 11 stalked, and .separating only a little before
costa ; 7, 8, 9, stalked.
Type : Paradromulia amhi(jua sp. uov.

70. Paradromulia ambigua sji. nov.

Forewings: dark fuscous, .speckled with blackish, and varied with ferruginous
ochreous ; first line at one-fourth, curved, second at two-thirds, sinuous, marked by
dark spots on veins — both very obscure and hidden by the dark fuscous shading ; a
large dark cell-spot ; submarginal line dentate, the teeth filled up with dark and tipped
with pale ; a row of black dots along hindmargin ; fringe mottled testaceous and
fuscous ; veins paler, dotted with fuscous.

Hindivings : with ba.sal two-thirds dark ; the outer and submarginal line as in
forewings ; the margin crenulate, with black basal line ; in the more usual form the
marginal area of both wings is more or less ferruginous ochreous, especially above
anal angle of forewings, but in some cases the whole wing is dark, with only the pale
dots of the submarginal line standing out.

Underside smoky grey, with large blackish cell-.spots and broad darker marginal
band ; the ochreous marginal markings sometimes showing through.

Head, thorax, and abdomen mottled fuscous and ochreous.

ah. maculata ab. nov.
In this form the ground-colour of both wings is darker, but the anal angle of
both is marked by two rounded contiguous blotches of bright i)ale ochreous, the apex
of forewings also being pale ochreous; all these jiale patches are shown on the
underside.

ab. rufigrisea ab. nov.

Forewings reddish ochreous, striated and in parts sufl'used with fuscous; the
lines distinct; the costa spotted with black; central fascia between the two lines
silvery grey, with dark central shade, the grey on hindwings extending to the base ;
apical area of forewing bearing a dark patch. Underside whitish grey, with the other
markings as in the type-form.

Expanse of wings : 44 — 48 mm.

Six Jc?, two ? ?, of the type-form, two S S of ab. maculata, and a S and ? of
ab. rufiyrisea, all from Fergussou Island, November and December.

Subfamily SELIDOSEMINAE.

Polycrasta gen. nov.

Forewings: with costa straight, slightly convex before ajiex ; hindmargin
oblique, faintly irregular; inner margin convex.

Hiiulwiiigs: broad; costa and inner margin convex; apex bluntly angled;
hindmargin rounded, subcrenulate ; anal angle truncate.

Abdomen of cJ long ; antennae strongly pectinated, the apex simiile ; palpi stout,

( 302 )

iipenrved, jvnd appressed to face; second joint liaiiv, third sraootli, sliort and bent
Ibrwai-ds; tongue well developed; legs long ; hind tibiae with four spurs; base and
cell of lx)th wings strongly hairy beneath.

Neuratimi : forewings, cell not half as long as wing ; discocellular straight ;
first median at one-half, second before end of cell, third from the end; lower
radial from slightly above the centre of discocellular, upper from top end of cell;
last four subcostals stalked from well before end ; first anastomosing strongly with
costal ; all the veins strong and straight. Hindwings with costal approximated to
subcostal close to base, then curving away to the apical angle ; first, subcostal con-
siderably before end of cell ; no radial ; first median at two-thirds, second before end
of cell.

Type : Folycrasta ocellata sp. nov.

The genus appears to be a develoimient of Pctdia H.S. The tyi>ical species
reminds one su])erficially of the American species of Th>/snnopjji/<i. wilh wliirh il
agrees also in having the anal tuft of abdomen whitish in the cJ.

71. Folycrasta ocellata sp. nov.

Forewinijs: fuscous, striated witii darker; a ver}' obscure curved shade near
base, and a curved thick central shade before middle; the small black cell-spot lying
just beyond ; a dark brown line edged internally with dull orange, incurved from
apex to anal angle; the marginal area included pale grey, mi.xed with brown, and
with traces of a toothed submarginal line through it ; a row of minute black dots at
ends of veins ; fringe fuscous.

Hindwings: browner, with traces of two dark curved central fasciae; cell-spot
oval, black, finely edged with yellow; extreme hindmargin from apex to opposite cell
yellow ; fringe fuscous, with yellowish basal line.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous ; the anal tnft white; collar, face, paljii, and
antennae darker. Underside didl cinereous brown.

Ex|)anse of wings: 40 mm.

One (J from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, April and May.

Subfamily SEMIOTHISINAE.
72. Azata variegata sp. nov.

S. Foreivings: yellowish, thickly dusted with dark brown, and more or less
suffused with greyish purple ; the lines thick, dark brown ; first at one-fourth, angled
below the costa, then oblique to inner margin near base ; second central, oblique, and
slightly waved ; third more waved, at three-fonrtlis ; submarginal line distinct only in
the lower half ; the purplish suffusion is thickest between the first and second lines,
and beyond the third line, the space between the second and third and the ajiical
region remaining yellower; fringe mottled dark puriilish and yellowish, with a row of
dark lunules at base.

nimhmwjs : the same, but all the lines thicker, the first wanting.

Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish grey, the segments of the abdomen i)aler ;
the vertex of head dusted with yellow. Underside paler, thickly dusted with brown,
the lines brown ; the hindmargin broadly brown ; forewings with a large ferruginous
orange costal lilotch before ajjcx. ? uniformly paler, with the lines finer, the
purple suffusion less intense, but embracing the whole wing.

( :i()3 )

Expanse of wiugs : c?, 28 mm. ; ¥ , 2G mm.

Three cJc? and three ? ? from P'ergusson Island, September to December.

Differs from typical Azala in the forewings not being excised below the apex,
the liiiidmargin being regularly cm-ved and suberenulate ; the antennae are quite
three-fourths as long as the forewings, in the c? thickened beyond the base with
slight serrations and densely pubescent. The fovea in tlie forewings of the c? is
strongly expressed, oval, and semihyaline.

73. Calletaera sordida sp. nov.

<S . Forewings: dull oehreous grey, covered with dark atoms; the costa witli
dark spots at the origin of the lines, which are indistinctly darker; first at one-tliird,
.second in middle, third at two-thirds; the last indicated by black dots on the veins
and followed by a broad dull grey fascia ; fringe coucolorous, dusted with blackish,
a row of black dots at base between the veins.

Hindwings: the same.

Underside bright straw-colour, the margins deeper; forewings dusted witli lihick,
with two oblique bands, the one central, narrow, the second subniargiiial, liroad and
denticulate; hindwings with both bands, but with the ground-colour unspeckled.

? with the forewings broader than in the S ; the underside brighter.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

Two S <S , two ? ? , from Fergusson Island, September to December.

Near C. grisea Warr., from Nias Island.

74. Luxiaria(?) straminea sp. nov.

?. Foreiuings : pale straw-colour, sparsely speckled with fuscous olive scales;
the lines hardly expressed, indicated on costa by the usual dark spots; the exterior
with a slight olive shade beyond it ; submarginal line marked by a double black spot
beyond the angle of exterior line ; a lilack subapical costal blotch ; fringe straw-
colour, tijiped with dark opposite the \eins and with black spots at base between
them.

Hinihvings: the same, but the basal area paler, not so much suffused with the
olive atoms.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; face and palpi ferruginous. I'nderside
brighter straw-colour, with all the markings more distinct ; both wings with a diffuse
rusty submarginal fascia.

Expanse of wings : 36 — 38 mm.

Two ¥ ¥ from Fergusson Island, dated December; occurs also in Nias Ishuid.

Orthotmeta gen. nov.

Fwewings : vtiih costa straight, faintly curved at base and becoming convex
before apex; hindmargin irregular, witli two blunt teeth below apex, then excised,
and again bulged outwards, witli two blunt teeth at ends of veins 3 and 4, thence
oblique to anal angle, which is obtuse ; inner margin rather convex.

Ilindtmigs : with anal angle squared, the apex truncate, with two strong teeth
at ends of veins 6 and 7 ; hindmargin straight from vein G to anal angle.

Antennae of <? biiiectinate, the pectinations pubescent; of ? minutely serrate;
palpi with second joint hairy, stout, obli(iuely ascending and reaching beyond front;

( 304 )

third joint smooth, clecuinboiit ; tongue present; hind tiliiae of cJ tliickenod, with
fom- spur.s.

Neuratimi: as in Luxiui-ia, of which it is a development.

Type : Ortlwtmeta dentala sp. nov.

75. Orthotmeta dentata sp. nov.

Foreunngs: grey-brown, with shuil black transverse striae, and more or less
suffused with tawny ; first line ferruginous, dark brown on costa, veins, and inner
margin, from costa at one-fifth, lielow which it is excurved, thence irregularly sinuous
to inner margin near base ; exterior line from costa at three-fiftiis, irregularly dentate
and more or less parallel to hindmargin, indistinct to submediau fold, then black and
vertical to inner margin at middle ; an obli(iue thick black-brown central line from
middle of costa, slightly augulated in cell, to inner margin close before exterior line ;
a submarginal dentate line, indicated by dark blotches internally ; fringe irregularly
crenulate, concolorous, with a row of black lunules at base.

Hiiuhvings: paler, less suffused and varied with darker; the lines very
indistinct, the exterior one denoted by black spots on veins.

In the ? the markings are paler, the lines finer, more ferruginous; the outer
line more oblique above inner margin, more e.'vourved and nearer the hindmargin.
Underside ferruginous orange, speckled with blackish, especially in the forewings,
with three oblicjue irregularly sinuous black lines, the third very broad on hindwings
and inner margin of forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with ground-colour of wings ; vertex
and collar ferruginous ; face and palpi dark brown.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

A good series from Fergussou Island, October to December.

76. Semiothisa connotata sp. nov.

(?. Ochreous drab, with scattered fuscous atoms; first line brownish, at one-
fourth, bent below costa, then slightly oblique to inner margin ; second line brownish
in middle, forming a broad angulation outwards opposite the cell and a smaller one
on the submediau fold ; discal spot brown ; sulimarginal line dull ferruginous,
straight, from a little before anal angle to before apex, where it is retracted to costa ;
marginal area more thickly dusted with fuscous, especially below apex along the
shallow excision ; fringe ochreous, mixed with fuscous.

Hindwings: without basal line; a ferruginous central line passing over the
black cell-spot ; outer line sUghtly curved from costa before apex to anal angle.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous. Underside like niijier, with all the
frecklings and markings thicker and coarser.

? with the markings as in S, but the ground-colour from base to outer line
whitish ; outer line not so near the margin, double, with a pale centre ; the marginal
area broader and darker, with two small Uackish spots beyond the outer line
on either side of the third median nervule. Underside with a ferruginous sub-
marginal fascia, entire on the hindwings, distinct only towards costa in forewings,
interrupted by dark fuscous and grey below ; marginal area varied with fuscous
and grey.

Expanse of wings : cj, 34 mm. ; ? , 36 mm.

Two S i , tliree ? ? , from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, March to May.

( 305 )

77. Semiothisa isospila Meyr.

Macaria isospila jNIeyr., Tr. E. S. (1889), p. 501 (S).

Mr. Meyrick described the species from a single ?. The c? is darker, with the
strigulations denser, and all the lines thicker and more distinct; in particular
the exterior line below the angulation is distinctly double, and much more oblique.

iSeveral examples from Fergussou Island, September. Jleyrick's specimen was
(presumalily) from Port JSIoresby.

Subfamily EXNO.MIXAK.

78. Corymica oblongimacula sp. nov.

Fm'eiviiifjs : bright yellow, the costa dotted with brown, at the base with a
shallow brown and grey patch ; a dull rust -red triangular patch, on hindmargin from
apex, where it is deep brown, to near the anal angle ; its apex connected by a
ferruginous tinge with a similar-coloured sliade at base of costa ; no trace of cross
lines; on the inner margin the ordinary brown patches are connected so as to form
an olilong patch with an oval yellow centre.

Hindivings ; with a rust-red cell-spot and a postmedian curved line of similar
spots, those on costa and iimer margin being red-brown ; a brown white-centred spot
on middle of costa ; inner-marginal area dull ochreous, without markings as far as
vein 2 ; hindmargin rusty ; fringe of both wings white, with brown-red marginal line ;
fringe of forewings along the patch ferruginous tipped with white.

Face, vertex, thorax, and base of abdomen yellow ; palpi, antennae, and collar
brown ; abdomen ochreous, the ti}) brown. Underside yellowish ; in forewings varied
with grey and lirown ; the marginal triangle red-brown ; the oblong patch of forewings
and costal spot of hindwings filled in with whitish.

Exijanse of wings : 34 mm.

One (J from Fergusson Island, December.

7'J. Hyposidra schistacea sp. nov.

? . Forewings : dull silvery slate-colour, the markings darker, purplish slate-colour ;
first line at one-fourth, bent below costa, thick; the basal area within it darker along
inner -marginal half; a dark fascia beyond middle, edged internally by a nearly straight
line and outwardly by a wavy and bluntly angulated one-, hindmargin suffused with
darker, preceded by an obscure wavy dark submarginal line and a dark vertical streak
at anal angle.

Hindivinrjs: with basal two-thirds more or less suffused with dark, the whole
marginal area pale, with the darker waved submarginal line more distinct. Underside
like upper, but duller, neither wing with the base darker.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all concolorous ; the centre of abdomen blacker.

Of six c?(?, one agrees both in colour and markings with the j f ; of the other
five, three have only the edges of the fascia darker, but agree in colour ; the remaining
two not only have no fascia represented, but are much browner in tone, being varied,
especially in the hindwings, with greyish ochreous scales.

Expanse of wings : 5,50— 60 mm. ; cJ, 36 — 46 mm.

Three J $ , six (J(?,from Fergusson Island, Xovember and December ; one ? from
Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, March.

( :!()(■> )

8(1. Hyposidra variabilis sp. nov.

? . Fweiviiifjs : dull grey-brown, freckled witli darker and varied \vi(h ferruginous,
the latter tint being confined to a wavy subniarginal fascia and the inner margin ;
traces of two darker brown lines, one straight and oblique in middle, the other beyond
it and strongly excurved.

Hindmugs : more or less freckled witli pale grey and ferruginous, with two dark
curved central lines and a ferruginous subapioal costal blotch.

Underside dull dark brown, with two dark lines on each wing. Head, Ihorax,
and abdomen concolorous.

cJ like ?, hut with the markings cleaver; the ferruginous suliai>ical patcli
marked on upperside ; discal spots black above and below.

ab. pallida ab. nov.

S Ferruginous ochreous, with the costal region fuscous ; a dark brown-black curved
mark from inner margin close to base to middle of wing; a thick brown-black slightly
bent line from middle of costa to middle of inner margin ; the exterior line marked
by dots from the costa, but becoming brown-black at inner margin, and followed by
an undulating line at anal angle ; the centre of inner and hindmargin pale ochreous.
In a second example of this form the lines are less distinct, bnt the central one
is contiguous to a round lilack blotch on inner margin. Uuder.side testaceous ochreous,
freckled with darker, and with the two lines and discal spots dark.

ab. nubilosa ab. nov.

S. Darker, more suffused with purplish, with the lines darker; apex of forewings
dark purplish beyond the usual ferruginous patch; a purplish brown cloud at anal
angle, with undulating edge reacliing middle of wing. In a second example this
cloud is restricted to a V-shaped mark at anal angle. Underside dull slaty grey, witli
the lines and freckles black.

All the forms agree in having a ferruginous submargiual liand distinct on the
underside of forewings, and on the upperside towards the anal angle on the inner
margin of hindwiugs a small pale blotch, edged above by a doulile black line, and
below by a ferruginous patch.

Expanse of wings : ? , 64 — 72 mm. ; S , 44 — 48 mm.

Two 5 $, six SS, from Fergusson I.sland, October to December.

Related to //. incoviptaria Wlk., from Aru, and //. corlicala ^^'lk., from 'i'undano.

Note. — Since this paper was sent to press I have discovered that two species have
been already described. C'omostola fiavichicta, p. 288, is the same as G. neseidaria
Snellen, from Celebes. Borhacha jxtrviscripta, p. 290, originally described on
p. 130, is identical with Onychodea euchrysa Lower, the type of which, now in the
Tring Museum, I have lately seen. This will stand as Borhacha euchrysa Lower.

( 307 )

NEW INDIAN EPIPLEMIDAE AND GEOMETBIDAE.
By W. VVARKEN, M.A., F.E.S.

Family EPIPLEMIDAE.

1. Epiplema arcuata sp. nov.

Forewinrjs : dark leadcii-giey, with numerous dark fuscous strigae, and a large
dark discal blotch ; lines indistinct, dull ferruginous ; first at one-fourth, curved below
costa, then vertical to inner margin; second at two-thirds, forming two angles, one
below costa, the other lielow middle, thence incurved to inner margin at two-thirds;
a large dark semicircrdar patch ou hinilmargin from apex to the middle tooth;
fringe dark leaden-grey.

Hindwinfjs : with outer line a little beyond the middle, forming two curves
meeting at an angle in middle, ferruginous, edged outwardly with ochreous ; basal
two-thirds dark leaden-grey, with a chestnut middle streak from base, joined by
a dark streak on the discocellular ; marginal space ochreous, especially towards costa
and inner margin, suffused towards outer margin with brown and leaden-grey scales,
and striated with darker ; fringe dark grey, with a rather lustrous paler grey line
at base.

Face and palpi lilackish ; head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey. Underside
of forewings dull dark grey, with fuscous mottlings ; of hindwings paler, somewhat
tinged with ochreous, with straggling fuscous streaks.

Expanse of wings : cj, 26 mm. ; ? , 32 mm.

One <S (August), one ? (February), from the Khasia Hills. The ? is consider-
ably paler than the <?.

2. Epiplema fiilvata sp. nov.

Fm-cwlngs : white, with patches of fulvous scales and striae ; costa at base with
a few fuscous striae ; a small darker spot at one-fourth and one-half, from the first
of which a faintly double curved fulvous line arises, and beyond the second another,
accompanied by fulvous scales internally and with a black lilotch above inner margin ;
fuhous patches on costa before apex, above anal angle, and at middle of hindmargin ;
a minute black subapical dot before the hindmargin.

Hindwings: almost wholly sufiused with orange-fulvous, the base, a narrow
aiitcmedian space, and the hindmargin alone remaining white ; a double curved
postmedian line, only distinct in the middle, where it is blackish ; a minute black
dot before the lower tail.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; face wliite, with a brown central bar; palpi
white, ringed with black. Underside of forewings ochreous fuscous, of hindwings
whitish ; both with darker central fascia.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

Une cJ from the Khasias.

Near E. ruj^taria Moore.

( 308 )

I'AMiLY GEOMETRWAE.
Subfamily PSEUDOTKKPNINAK.

3. Pingasa subviridis .sp. uov.

Forewinga: gi-eenisli white, dusted and suffused witli dull frrey-greeu ; first line
near base, forming two curves in the middle; second line beyond middle, outwardly
curved and strongly dentate, as in P. Mora Cram. ; a large diffused grey-green
discal lilotch; marginal space beyond second line darker, especially towards cost a ;
submarginal line pale, wavy, indistinct; a row of dark dots along base of fringes;
inner margin, especially at anal angle, tinged with rosy.

Hinfhviwjs : like forewings, but with the base darker; the rosy tinge along
inner margin at anal angle more pronounced.

Head, thorax, and abdomen coucolorous ; toji of face and vertex of thorax \erv
dark green. Underside white, tinged with yellow towards base; both wings with
broad black submarginal baud, touching hindmargin oppo-site the cell; forewings oulv
with black cell-sjjot.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

Three <? c? from Cherrapunji, October 1893.

4. Terpna funebrosa sp. uov.

Farewinr/s: dull rufous, thickly suffused and striated with dark green; two
oblique wavy subbasal Ijlack lines, the space between them filled up with dull pale
green ; a curved black discocellular mark ; postmedian line l)lack, denticulate,
shaped much as in vigena Butler ; submarginal line indicated by whitish spots on the
veins ; a white subapical blotch on the hindmargin ; friuge dark green, with black
spots at base between the veins.

Hinchvings: the same, without the subbasal lines; the veins rufous, with dark
specks.

Palpi pale, mixed with reddish ; lower half of irons black ; upjier lialf, vertex,
and front of thorax pale green ; patagia dark green ; abdomen greyish rufous, with
oblique black streaks at the sides of the tufts, and blackish lateral blotches ; under-
side of abdomen ochreous whitish; legs blackish, spotted with white; fore femora
red above. Underside of forewings white, with broad black marginal band, containiug
a white blotch at apex; a large black discocellular spot; baud of hindwings sub-
marginal, leaving the whole margin white.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

Several specimens from the Khasias, all SS, February and March 1894.

Most like T. upicalis Moore, but distinguished from that species by the pure
wldte ground-colour of the underside of the wings.

Subfamily GEOMETRINAE.

Comostolodes gen. nov.

Foreivings: with costa faintly curved; apex rounded; liindmargiu oljliquely
curved.

Uindivlags : with fully rounded hindmargin.

Palpi reaching beyoud forehead, with third joint distinct. Antennae of <J pecti-

( 309 )

nated to two-thirds, of $ simple ; hind tibiae not dilated, with four spurs. Forewings
with the upper radial and last four suhcostals stalked, the first free ; last two medians
from lower angle of cell. Hindwings with the two suhcostals stalked. Frenulum
present, but fine. Abdomen with white red-edged spots.

Type : Comostolodes albicatena sp. nov.

Here belong also inductaria Guen., dispansd '\\\k., and smaragdtis Hmpsn.

5. Comostolodes albicatena sp. no\.

Forewings : green, rather thinly scaled ; cosfa red-lirown, streaked longitudinally
with white scales, towards apex with a white central streak; a white red-edged spot
at one-third and two-thirds indicates the origin of the two lines; first line shown by
a small white red-edged spot at origin of first median, and a larger one on inner
margin before middle ; second line by a small similar dot on third median and n
larger one at anal angle, and by .small red dots on the other veins ; hindmargin with
a .snow-white line bounded inwardly by a row of curved red marks, and outwardly liy
a red line at base of fringe, which is ochreous reddish.

Ilindioings : with only the marginal lines, the white spots at end of third
median and at anal angle larger ; a Ijrown-red streak along middle of inner margin ;
both wings with discal mark dark green.

Thorax and base of abdomen green ; face and vertex green, often fading to
rufous; abdomen ochreous, the basal and anal segments marked with red and white;
the antepenultimate segment white, with a red ring above it ; palpi ochreous, red-
brown above. Underside whitish green, becoming pale green towards eosta of
forewings.

Expanse of wings : 2G mm.

F'our 6 c? from the Khasias, January to March.

Intermediate between inductaria Wlk. and smaragdus Hmpsn.

0. Hemistola rectilinea sp. nov.

Fororiitgs : bluish green, suhtransparent ; costa white, speckled with red; the
lines whitish, indistinct, straight, not denticulated as in //. rubrimargo Warr. ; first
near base, curved and distinct only on inner margin, where it is followed by a reddish
spot ; second from two-thirds of inner margin, where it is preceded by a larger
reddish spot, jjarallel to hindmargin, and becoming obsolete before reaching costa ;
extreme hindni.argin white, edged internally by a fine red line consisting of a series
of curves ; fringe reddish, with the tijas yellowish.

Hindwings: with an oblique faintly curved white median line, preceded on
inner margin by a reddish spot ; fringe as in forewings; discal spot in both wings
slightly darker green.

Head and thorax blue-green; abdomen ochreous, red along the dorsum, wilh a
white line down the middle; face red-brown ; verfox green. Underside paler.

Exjianse of wings : 30 mm.

One c? from the Khasias.

7. lodis delicatula sp. nov.

Fm-eivings : pale pearly green, with fine iridescent scales; first line pale, indi.---
tinct, wavy, with slightly darker shade externally; second line pale, and regularly
dentate, parallel and near to hindmargin, internally edged with darker.

( 310)

Hindirings : with the outer line angled, and running parallel to hindmargin ;
fringe of both wings coneolorous ; a distinctly black spot on the lower arm of the
discocellular of each wing.

Face, thorax, and abdomen pale green ; \ertex and front of thorax white. Under-
side silvery white, the costa of forewings yellowish green.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Both sexes from the Khasias, INIav 1894.

Subfamily STEKKHIXAE.

8. Craspedia hyphenophora sp. nov.

Fwemngs: very pale whitish ochreous, sparsely dusted with black scales; the
lines faintly darker ochreous ; inner line marked by a few black scales forming dots
on the veins; cell-spot and central line hardly darker; exterior line marked by
black scales on veins, the spot on the radial distinctly black and hyphen-shaped ; a
row of deep black sjiots along margin between veins ; fritfge concolorous.

Hindwings : like forewings, but the cell-spot small and black.

Face and palpi dark ; collar pale ochreous brown ; thorax and abdomen con-
colorous with wings, the abdomen slightly spotted with black along back. Underside
with the costa and cell of forewings fuscous ; the cell-spot black and linear; the two
outer series of sjjots in both wings expressed.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One c? from the Khasias, March 1894.

9. Craspedia nigridentata sp. nov.

Fomoings: ochreous, sparsely dusted with black scales; first and ccntial lines
brownish, cvn\ed and sinuous, the first mai'ked with black scales on inner margin ;
discal dot small, black, with some brownish scales ; exterior lino brownish, double,
marked by black points on the veins at the ends of the denticulations, with a black
W-shaped mark oiJposite cell, and a double black denticulated mark on inner margin
before anal angle; submarginal line pale, wavy, and indistinct, marked by a dark
patch opposite cell, and another at anal angle ; a row of black marginal spots between
the veins ; fringe concolorous, with a row of dark dots along the base at ends of
the veins.

Hindwings: with black cell-spot preceded by a brownish line; the other lines
as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, the last with black dorsal spots ; face and
palpi black. Underside paler, with all the marginal markings distinct and black ; disc
of forewings sufifused with grey.

Expan.se of wings : 2() — .SO mm.

One cJ from Shillong, November; another from the Khasias, .August.

The black markings sometimes become more or less obsolete.

10. Craspedia undulataria ab. straminea ab. nov.

Like lyjjical undalalaria iluore, but the ground-colour wholly straw-colour.
Shillong, July to October.

(311 )

ab. subcarnea ah. nov.

Ground-colour greyisli ochreous, tinged witli jiink, and thickly dusted with
fuscous atoms.

Shillong, February.

ab. pulverosa ab. nov.

Ground-colour greyish ochreous, without the reddish tinge, and with verj' scant
dusting ; the markings in the 5 cloudy and indistinct.
Khasia Hills, ]\Iarch.

The ground-colour of Moore's type is whitish ; it differs from remotnta Guen.
in having all the lines more oblique and complete, the outer ones not incurved
beyond the cell. The three forms here determined agree in these respects with the
type-form, while differing much in colour; they are easily confounded with the cor-
respondingly colottred forms of i'ei/io/.«irt Guen., though on the average larger in size.

11. Discoglypha variostigma sp. nov.

Foremings: fulvous red, dusted with darker; the costa darker; cell-spot small,
dark ; lines as in D. injltiramata, to which it is closely allied, difl'ering in the absence
of the unsufl'used fulvous streaks ; fringe wholly fulvous red ; a row of dark red spots
along hindmargin between veins, but no trace of wliitish spots at the ends of the veins.

Hinchuings : with the discal spot large and round, either white with black edges,
or wholly filled up with black ; never triangular, as in inflammata. On the under-
side the two outer lines are botli strongly marked.

Expanse of wings : 30 — 32 mm.

Two (JcJ, one ?, from the Khasia Hills.

12. Eois costiguttata sp. nov.

Foreicings : dull olive-grey; the lines wavy, pale ochreous, rising from large
ochreotts costal blotches, at one-third, one-half, and three-fourths respectively ; an
ochreous subapiical costal blotch, and row of ochreous spots along hindmargin; fringe
olive-grey.

Hindwings : with three wavy ochreous lines and marginal row of ochreous spots.

Face blackish ; vertex and shoulders ochreous ; thorax and abdomen grey, lender-
side paler, with the lines as above ; the marginal spots all but obsolete.

Expanse of wings : 14 mm.

One c? from the Khasias.

The forewings are elongate, with apex produced ; hindmargin straight and very
oblique; hindwings with hindmargin ver\' distinctly angulated in middle.

i:'>. Eois(?) maculata sp. nov.

Forcvingx : rufous ochreous, with dark fuscous olive markings ; these consist of
basal, antemedian, ]iostmedian, and submarginal fasciae, all considerably interrupted,
and distinct only on costa and inner margin; a marginal row of dark spots; cilia
ochreous.

Hinchvings : with the four fasciae complete, their outer edges irregular.

(312 )

Underside the same, in the forewings suffused with grey. Head, thorax, and
abdomen ochreous, the latter with dark middle segments.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

One cJ from the Khasias, March 1895.

The only example has the forewings rubbed; probably in fresh specimens the
dark fasciae are as well marked as in the hindwings. The antennae are subserrate
and finely ciliated; the hindwings deeply emarginate on either side of the middle;
the forewings elongate, with apex produced, and hindmargin very oblique and
.slighth' elbowed in middle. It is here placed in Eois provisionally ; veins 6 and 7
of hindwings are on a very long stalk.

14. Perixera flavispila sp. nov.

Formmngs : stone-colour, thickly an<l very uniformly dusted with ])inkish grev
atoms ; the costa slightly darker ; first and third lines very fine, wavy and denticulated,
both marked Iiy dark dots on the veins ; cell-spot dark, linear, or narrowly oval ; an
indistinct waved and denticulate cloudy dark shade between it and the third line ; a
pale submarginal line is hardly visible ; a row of black marginal spots at liase of fringe
between the veins ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwings: the same, but the discal spot round and filled up with orange,
edged with black.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; palpi and upper part of face dull red-
brown ; lower part of face wlnte. Underside whitish, unspeckled, with the co.sta, linear
discal spot, the dark spots on the third line and the marginal lini' darker; hindwings
with no discal spot shown.

Expanse of wings: 38 mm.

Common from the Khasia Hills ; also occurring in Fergusson Island.

The species is distinguished from its allies by the yellow-centred cell-spot of the
hindwings; it is referred by Ilampson to interpidsaria Wlk. = CM-enosariti Moore,
but it is certainly not identical with Moore's species.

15. Perixera nifidorsata sp. nov.

Foivvnngs : ochreous, dusted with pinkish and fuscous scales; costa narrowlv
fu.scous; cell-spot linear, blackish; first line shown by three or four dark dots on
veins ; a very obscure darker central shade ; exterior line marked by dots on veins,
the upper four lying in a curve nearer the base than the lower four ; submarginal line
indicated by dark cloudy patches ; fringe ochreous ; a row of large black spots at ends
of veins and of small dots between the veins.

Hinchvings : like forewings ; discal spot round and large, smoky lilack with paler
centre.

Head, thorax, and alidomen ochreous, the last tinged with red along the back;
face and palpi ochreous, tinged above with ro.sy. Underside paler, freckled with
rosy, with the costa, discal line, and row of large marginal .spots blackisli ; upper
spots of exterior line al.so marked ; the black discal mark of bindwiMg only showing
through.

Exjjanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two c?cJ from the Khasias.

A form occurs with the centre of the discal spot of hindwing large and white.

( 313 )

16. Ptychopoda albiflava sp. nov.

Fm'evnnfjs: white, with very sparse black atoms; the lines pale yellowish
ochreous ; the first curved at one-third ; the central and exterior both outcurved round
cell, and somewhat strongly inangulated opposite cell ; exterior line and marginal
area yellowish ; a row of minute black marginal dots ; fringe yellowish ; cell-spot
large, black.

Hinchvings : similar.

Face and palpi dark brown; head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous. Under-
side whitish ; the marginal spots of both wings only shown.

Expanse of wings : 1 8 mm.

One ? from the Khasias, April 1 894.

Resembles P. complanata, but smaller, whiter, with the apex of forewings more
rounded.

17. Ptychopoda complanata sp. nov.

Foreivinga : white, with pale ochreous-brown markings ; the dark dusting very
minute and often obsolete, except along costa ; basal, inner, and central lines oblique,
rather thick, and curved only towards costa ; exterior line double, forming an oblique
fa.scia with wavy edges ; hindmargin ochreous brown like the lines, so that the sub-
marginal wavy space is distinctly pale ; fringe concolorous, with a row of exceedingly
minute dark dots along margin.

Hindxvings : like forewings ; a minute black cell-spot in both.

Face and palpi dark brown ; collar pale brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen
whitish ochreous. Underside with the outer lines of forewing expressed, the base and
disc suffused with fuscous ; hindwings wholly whitish.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

Abundant from the Khasias, April 1894 ; also from Darjiling.

All the Darjiling examples are devoid of dark dusting, while most of the Khasia
specimens have it more or less developed.

Allied to aspilataria Wlk., which, however, has no cell-spots.

18. Ptychopoda consimilata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, dusted thickly with blackish or fuscous ; the lines pale
brown ; exterior line much nearer hindmargin than in P. inangulata, and marked by
black points on veins ; not inangulated, as in inangulata, beyond the cell ; sub-
marginal line indistinct ; a row of black marginal points between the veins ; fringe
ochreous, with a row of smaller dots opposite the veins.

Hinchvings : the same.

Face and palpi dark brown ; collar pale brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen
ochreous ; abdomen sometimes with dorsal black spots. Underside pale, with the
exterior lines strongly marked ; forewings suffused with grey.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

Numerous from the Khasias, January to April.

Distinguished from inangulata by the different course and position of the outer
Unes.

19. Ptychopoda grisescens sp. nov.
Foreivings: mouse-grey, with darker dusling; first lino black at one-fourth,
toothed outwards on subcostal, median, and submediau veins ; second line from middle

22

( 314 )

of costa, starting from a black spot, then fainter, curved round the bh\ck cell-spot,
and vertical to inner margin at middle ; exterior line blackish, sinuous inwards
opposite the cell, outwards below it, then incurved and reaching inner margin near
central line ; followed by a dark fuscous fascia with lunate edge, which is interrupted
opposite the cell ; its pale edge formed by the submarginal line ; fringe paler, with a
row of dark spots in it at base.

Hindiviiifjs : similar.

Head dark brown ; vertex and thorax grey ; abdomen dark grey. Underside
uniform dull grey.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One S from the Khasias, :March 1895.

Allied to huvieraria Wlk., of which it may prove to be a dark race.

20. Ptychopoda inang^ulata sp. nov.

Forewings: yellowisli ochreous, dusted with black scales; the lines thick, pale
brown, wavy, and denticulate ; central line strongly inangulated in cell to touch the
lilack cell-spot ; exterior line double, brownish, the inner area marked with dark
.scales ; both strongly inangulated beyond cell ; hindmargin brownish, leaving the
wavy pale submarginal line distinct ; a row of black spots along margin between the
veins ; fringe clear ochreous, without spots.

Hindimngs: the same.

Face and palpi dark brown-black ; collar brownish ; head, thorax, and abdomen
ochreous, sometimes speckled with black. Underside paler, with the marginal black
spots distinct ; forewings suffused with grey.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

Several of both sexes from the Khasias, April, June, and August.

21. Ptycliopoda quinquestriata sp. nov.

Fwewings: whitish ochreous, sparsely dotted with blackish atoms; the costa
whitish; the forewings crossed by five pale brownish ochreous oblique lines; the first
angled below costa, the next three slightly curved opposite cell, the last marginal ;
fringe ochreous, finely black-speckled, with a row of small black dots at base.

HindvAivjfi : with four lines; both wings with minute black cell-spot.

Face and palpi dark ; thorax and abdomen ochreous. Underside ochreous, with
dull rusty frecklings ; base of forewings greyish fuscous ; the lines ochreous grey.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

One ? from the Khasia Hills.

22. Ptychopoda semilinea sp. nov.
Forevmigs : fawn-colour, dusted with black atoms ; costa black at base ; first line
fine, black, oblique from costa to subcostal vein, then interrupted, marked by a spot
on median and at inner margin; outer line at four-fifths, slightly cm-ved inwards
formed of small round vein-dots connected by a fine threadlike line ; submarginal
line wavy, hardly discernible exciqit at costa, where it is preceded by a black
tridentate blotch, and at anal angle, where it is edged with blackish; fringe
concolorous, with a row of largish black spots opposite the end of the veins ; a very
obscure dark central shade, which develops into a black blotch at middle of inner
margin.

( 315 )

Hinchviwjs: the same, but with the central shade broad and black, containing
a black cell-spot.

Face dark brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous, the last with a dark
ring. Underside pale ochreous, with the markings distinct and black ; base and
costa of forewings fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

A pair from the Khasias.

Allied to P. ohliquUinea Warr.

23. Ptychopoda unilineata sp. nov.

Foreivings : ochreous, not dusted with darker; the markings pale brownish
ochreous; first line thick and slightly curved, the area within it likewise brownish
ochreous ; central shade broadening towards costa, and containing a pale diseal spot ;
exterior Une twice bent, slightlj' oblique outwards from costa, then oblique inwards,
marked with brown opposite the cell and ou the sulimedian fold ; a broad sub-
marginal and marginal brownish ochreous shade, the wavy submarginal line paler ;
fringe pale ochreous, with four or five small dark marginal dots below apex, and
a pale line at base.

Hhuhmnijs : with antemediau brownish ochreous shade; small black cell-spot;
a fine exterior line, and the submarginal and marginal bands and fringe as on
forewings.

Face and paljii brown ; collar jmle brown ; thorax and abdomen ochreous.
Underside paler, with all markings greyish ochreous, the exterior line especially
marked.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from the Khasias.

Distinguished by the single dark line and pale cell-spot of forewings.

Subfamily HYDRIOMENINAE.

24. Xanthorhoe subbrunnescens sp. nov.

Forewings: dark leaden-fuscous, mixed with chocolate; first line at one-fourth,
angled just below costa, then straight and oblique to inner margin, plumbeous,
inwardly edged with rufous and preceded by a broadish velvety black fascia ; outer
line at four-fifths of costa, oblique outwards and sharply angulated below costa,
incurved opposite cell, and forming another angle below third median, then incurved
to inner margin, followed by a plumbeous line with a dark outer edge, which again
is succeeded on costa by a short ochreous yellow tooth-shaped mark ; in the outer
half of the broad central fascia is seen a dark brown line; submarginal line dark
puqjlish brown on costa and opposite the cell, obscure below, the space between
it and the fascia being occupied by a dull chocolate band ; fringe dark leaden-
brown.

HindtuingB : dark purplish grey.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark purplish grey. Underside dull ]iuri)lish grey,
with darker central and marginal fasciae.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One ? from the Khasia.s, September 1894.

Allied to Xanthorhoe obfuaaata Warr.

Subfamily ASTHENINAE.

25. Laciniodes deuig^rata sp. nov.

Like L. plurilinearia Moore, but the general colour yellower, entirely without
lilack or dark markings.

Head, face, and collar yellow, not black ; the exterior band of white spots much
more distinct and not interrupted in the middle ; inner line curved below costa, not
angulated ; outer line recurved to ccsta, not rimning straight as in plurilinedria, its
upper half therefore being sinuous.

Three ? ? from Shillong, .May and July.

Subfamily TEICHOPTERYGINAE.

Probmphe gen. nov.

c?. FwevAngs : ample, triangular; the costa with a prominent bulge at one-
third, followed by a slight indentation before the convex outer half; ai)ex blunt;
hiudmargin as long as inner margin, straight and oblique, and strongly creuulate in
the u]>per half, the teeth at cud of veins 4 and 6 being prominent.

llindinmjs: small iu comparison wdth the .size of forewings, with roundeil
apex and hiudmargin ; the inner margin thickened towards base, then lobed to anal
angle ; the lobe folded over flat on upperside, and hairy within.

Palpi short, pointed, porrect ; tongue present ; forehead and vertex somewhat
protuberant ; antennae lamellate.

Neuration: forewings, cell not half as long as wing; discocellular vertical in
upper area, oblique below ; first median at one-half, second at five-sixths, third from
lower angle of cell ; lower radial from the angulation of discocellular, upper from top
angle of cell ; first subcostal anastomosing with stem of the other four, forming a
single areole. Hindwings, costal connected with .subcostal by a bar; the subcostal
bent downwards to middle of wing ; first subcostal nervule from the bend ; second
fi-om the end of cell, reaching hiudmargin below middle ; discocellular very strongly
aud acutely inangulated, the radial and last two medians radiating from the acutely
pointed lower end of cell ; first median some distance before end ; the first and
second running tlirough to the hiudmargin of the lobe that is folded over.

Type : Proomphe lobata sp. nov.

A development, as the neuration shows, oi Dysethia Warr.

20. Proomphe lobata sp. nov.

Fwewwigs ; ochreous flesh-colour, the lines paler ; a red-brown triangular spot
on costa near base; another ju.st beyond the costal bulge, edged internall}- by the
jjale first line, which is abruptly angled at the apex of the spot and runs slightly
wavy to inner margin at one-third ; outer line from apex to two-thirds of inner
margin ; a third, but more indi.stinct, brown costal triangle is visible ju.st beyond the
luiddle of wing ; fringe concolorous.

Hi ;tdiui'nt/8 : more yellowish, without any markings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; face dark browii. Underside yellowish,
in forewings tinged with reddish, in hindwings mottled with darker yellow.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One J from Sikkim, May 1889 (Pilcher %.).

( :^17 )

Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.

27. Tephroclystia nigrilinea sp. nov.

Forexvings : shining grey, witli numerous wiued blackish "cross lines ; three or
lour in the basal area ; three close together in and beyond middle ; these latter
excurved beyond cell, followed by a thick slightly curved black line, bent above
inner margin ; marginal area beyond it rather darker, with se\eral wavy lines ; the
submarginal finely paler ; fringe grey, with a fine black marginal line at the base ;
cell-spot distinct, black, on the first of the three central lines.

Hindwinfjs : grey, with three basal lines, one central and darker, and sevend
marginal.

Underside paler, with the same lines. Head, thorax, and abdomen all grey, the
last with a distinct black lateral streak.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Kasauli, August 1893.

28. Tephroclystia tenuisquama sp. no\-.

Forewings : thinlj' scaled, dull pinkish ochreous, dusted witli gre3- and blackish
atoms ; the veins with black linear dashes in places ; cell-spot blackish, with distinct
raised scales ; basal markings indistinct ; an antemedian line angled below co.sta ;
another line just beyond middle, strongly angled opposite the cell, then sharply
oblique inwards, and vei'tical to inner margin ; the space between these two lines
rather darker; a postmedian dark augulated fascia edged on either side by a pale
fascia, each with a dark line along its centre; marginal area dark grey, with the sub-
marginal line distinctly paler and line; fringe mottled pale and dark ochreous, witli a
darker basal line.

HindiL'ings : with the whole costal half pale, without markings; the inner
margin with alternate dark grey and ochreous fasciae.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey. Underside whitish ochreous, with the
markings indicated; the cell-spots and marginal dark line distinct.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

Three ? ? from Darjiling, ]\Iarch and Ajiril fPilclirr /«/.).

Resembling the European T. abbrevlatn.

Subfamily DEILINIINAE.

29. Parasynegia (?) rufinervis sp. nov.

Forewings : yellow, with coarse ferruginous orange mottlings; costa at liase dark
brown ; first line at one-fourth, thick, brown-black, curved and slightly indented in
middle ; second line at two-thirds, thick, parallel to hindmargin ; submarginal .sinuous,
denoted by fuscous ferruginous patches ; a similar-coloured cloud between veins 3
and 4 from outer line to hindmargin ; veins all orange-ferruginous ; the third
median brown, and the upper radial with a brown mark towanls liindmargin ; disco-
cellular orange, with a small dark dot in middle; fringe yellow, with tine orange
basal line.

Ilindtvings : similar; the dark central line slightly bent ; the basal fringe-lino
rust-coloured.

Face, palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, mottled with orange; collar
yellow, with brown-black edge. Underside similar, but paler and duller.

( 318 )

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One 9 from the Khasia Hills, November 1894.

I have queried the genus of this insect, being a 9 . Moreover it differs in
neuration : vein 11 rises near cell from the common stem of 7, 10, 9, 8, which rise in
the order named.

Subfamily SCOTOPTERYCIIXAE.
30. Catascia eolaria Guen. ab. fuscobrunnea ab. nov.
In this form the ground-colour of both wings above is dull rufous brown, without
any pale dusting. Underside as in the type-form.
One (S from Cherrapunji, October.

In Fauna of British India, Vol. III. p. 253, Hampsou mentions a specimen of
this coloration.

31. Scotopterix f?j squamosa sp. nov.

Fnreu'ings : duU olive-grey, covered with dark olive-fuscous transverse strigae ; the
fasciae dark olive; costa with si.x dull olive-fuscous blotches — one at base, two forming
the origin of the basal fascia, two more in the middle, from which the dark central
fascia springs, and the sixth before the apex, forming part of the submarginal shade ;
a similar marginal blotch opjiosite the cell; a blackish linear cell-spot; the whole
wing is sprinkled with shining scales, and above the anal angle are some yellowish
scales.

Hindwings : paler, with the fasciae distinct only on inner margin ; fringes of
both wings dull grey, with dark spots along their base.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey. Underside dull grey, the forewings darker
than the hindwings.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One ? from Sikkim, June 1889 (Pilcher leg.).

I have only seen two specimens of this insect, both ? and more or less worn.
It seems to be most nearly allied to thibelaria Oberth.

Subfamily ASCOTINAE.

32. Ectropis serratilinea sp. nov.

Forewings: whitish, densely speckled throughout with olive-grey striae; the
lines black and denticulate; the basal, subbasal, and median all indistinct ; the post-
median with the denticulations strongly marked and regular ; submarginal irregular,
followed by a denticulate white edging; fringe whitish, with dark spots opposite the
veins, and black spots at the base between the veins, the latter connected by dark
horizontal streaks with the submarginal line ; a black cell-spot before the median line.

Hindimngs : like forewings, with antemedian, po.stmcdian, and submarginal
lines and distinct cell-spot.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; face paler below ; palpi black, with pale
li'rminal joint. I'nderside blurred cinereous, with the lines thicker and duller ;
costal region of forewings ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

A few of both sexes from the Kh.isia Hills, June 1895.

( 319 )

33. Poecilalcis (?) deceptrix sp. nov.

Forewings : ocbreous, almost wholly suffused with fulvous and fuscous, and with
blackish sfrigae and clouds ; first line hroad and pale, edged with darker, sharply
angled below costa, then oblicjue and straight to inner margin close to base; a large
diffuse blackish cell-spot, followed by a curved and indistinct dark central line; outer
line pale ocbreous, tinged with fulvous externally and edged vrith darker internally,
straight from costa to inner margin, nearly paralh'l to hindmargin ; submarginal line
fine, white, irregularlv dentate and wavy, forming a larger sinus opposite the cell, filled
in with blackish and bent outwards to anal angle.

Ifindwinr/s : paler, the costal region ochreous ; a large dark cell-spot, with a
dark line from it to inner margin ; a broad pale line edged internally with darker,
corresponding to the outer line of forewings ; a dark wavy pale-edged submarginal
line, with a black blotch opposite the cell; fringes of both wings dark, with their
base and tips pale ; hindmargin of liindwings crenulate from apex to vein 4.

Head, front of thorax, and liase of patagia olive-tawny ; tops of shoulders, the
ends of the patagia, and the metathorax dark fuscous; basal segment of abdomen
with a white ring ; rest of abdomen mottled fuhous and fuscous. Underside pale
straw-colour, mottled with fuscous ; both wings with large black cell-spot ; forewings
with hindmarginal area dark fuscous, excepit a spot at apex and in middle ; hindwings
with a black blotch in middle of hindmargin.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One J, two 5 J , from Sikkim, March and April 1889 (J. G. Pilcher leij.).

Resembles F. atrostipata Jloore, but easily distinguished by the different direc-
tion of the first line. The neuration also is different, and appears variable. In all
three 10 and 11 are stalked together, and 11 anastomoses with 12 ; in one ? 9 is also
stalked with 10 and 11, and afterwards anastomoses with 8 ; in the other, 7, 8, and 9
are stalked; while in the J 9, 10, and 11 are stalked together, 9 not anastomosing
with 7 and 8, but separating from 10 near the costa.

SriiFAMiLY SEMIOTHISINAE.
34. Hypepliyra subangulata sji. nov.

Forewings: rufous ochreous, with darker rufous stri-ae and dusted with silvery
scales; the basal and marginal areas dull dark brown; the lines ferruginous; first
line curved and interrupted at one-fourth ; second at three-fourths, distinct and
irregularly wavy, preceded by a rusty shade ; discal spot small, ferruginous ; marginal
space dark leaden-brown, with a dull ferruginous patch near costa and a small
brighter spot in tlie middle ; fringe concolorous with this marginal area.

Hindwings : the same, but with only the extreme base dark, and the basal two-
thirds more den.sely striated with fuscous.

Head and thorax dark bi'own ; face and abdomen rufous. Inderside yellow, with
the marginal area dark leaden colour, with a yellowish patch at middle.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One ? from Sikkini, May 1889 (.1. G. Pilcher leg.).

Distinguished from the other two species of the genus by the blunt angulation
of the hindwings.

( 320 )

35. Semiothisa temeraria Swinh. ab. fumosa ah. nov.

Foreivbigs : entirely dull smoky brownish grey, the lines rust-colour; the area
beyond the postmedian line, except at apex, dark smoky fuscous, the veins, as usual,
remaining paler.

Hiiuhviivjs : the same, without the dark marginal area.

Underside testaceous grey ; inner and hindniargins of forewings slaty fuscous,
the latter with the fascia .showing blackish ; hindwiugs with only the extreme hind-
margin grey. Thorax and abdomen paler grey.

One (? from the Khasia Hills, April 1894.

A very distinct-looking insect from the type-form.

Subfamily ENNOMIXAE.

36. Fascellina fascoviridis sp. nov.
Foreiuings: dark green, suffused except towards the apex with purple fuscous,
and with darker strigulations ; the costa dark purple fuscous, containing a pale olive
blotch in middle, streaked with darker ; traces of diffuse oblique basal and median
dark purple shades ; postmedian line irregularly wavy, preceded in middle of wing
by a deep purple shading and edged outwardly by a dull silvery line which on costa
becomes a brighter blotch ; marginal area, except towards apex, darker, traversed by
a zigzag faintly lustrous line ; a minute white spot on costa before apex ; fringe dark
purple-brown.

Hiiulwi'iujs : purplish rufous only near base and along costa, with a central
slightly curved dark-edged lustrous line, and a faintly silvery zigzag submarginal
one. •

Thorax and abdomen olive-green ; face and palpi red-brown. Underside of fore-
wings olive-green and yellowish, with dark striations ; the costa yellow, with rich
brown lilotches ; the postmedian line brightly edged with white; the marginal area
lilack and tawny. Hindwings yellow, with olive striae ; the costal region more thickly
striated with red-brown ; a blotched straight median line, and a fine curved sub-
marginal one.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One c? from Cherrapunji, November 1893.

The outer margin of the forewing alone is e.\cised, the inner margin remaining
straight.

37. Mimochroa lugens Butler ab. castanea ab. nov.

All the green shades on tlie upperside replaced by chestnut, the underside
remaining as in the type-form. In one e.xample, however, all the yellow of the
underside also has di.sappeared, being replaced by dull chestnut ; the usual dark
brown limiting line is represented by a broad whitish line, while the hindmargin is
varied with whitish.

The palpi in ail three example.-^ are rufous chestnut, not orange.

Three c?cf from Darjiling, March and May 1889 (J. G. Pilcher leg.).

38. Omiza cinerea sp. nov.
Forewinfjs : dingy grey-green, dusted with dark atoms, which are much denser
beyond the postmedian line ; antemedian line at one-fourth, starting from a sliort
inwardly oblique black costal dash, excurved below costa, then inwardly oblique and

( "-SI )

wavy; postmedian line blackish, more distinct, slightly bent at middle and becoming
obsolete towards apex, followed above inner margin by a dull rufous grey shade ;
discocellular annulus oblique, grey-centred, with dark outline.

Hindivings : with a median dark line, bent below costa.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull grey-green. Underside dull dark cinereous,
tinged with greenish, with the lines indistinct.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One S from Shillong, March 1893.

39. Eurytaphria pallidula sp. nov.

? . Forewings : pale straw-colour, sparsely dusted with brown atoms, somewhat
more densely along base of costa and above anal angle ; first line brown, indistinct
towards costa, from which it runs outwardly oblique to cell, then inwardly oblique and
bent to inner margin near base ; second line also brown, straight and oblique from
apex, where it is slightly thickened, to inner margin at two-thirds, before which it is
slightly curved and intersects a brown blotch ; discal spot brown ; fringe concolorous.

Uindwimjs : with brown dash at base ; round brown cell-spot, and brown median
line, angled bluntly below costa.

Underside duller, tinged with cinereous, the outer line appearing partially double.
Thorax and abdomen concolorous ; face and palpi somewhat darker.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One ? from Daijiling, March 1889 (J. G. Pilcher leg.).

The antennae are minutely serrate and pubescent.

A cJ from the Khasias must be referred here, but whether the same difference of
coloration always obtains between the sexes must remain doubtful in the absence of
further examples. This J is pale dull green, with the lines and speckles as in the ? ;
forewings with a black dot in the middle of the base ; palpi blackish. Antennae
evenly and delicately pectinated.

( 322 )

NEW LEPIDOPTERA.

By THE HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD.

1. Papilio aristolochiae lombockensis suhsp. nov.

(??. U\ie P. aristolochiae anliplnis. hut differs as follows: the white streak?
on the underside of the forewing are much shorter and narrower, the black border
of the wing being almost twice as broad as in antiphus from Sumatra ; the red sub-
marginal spots on the hindwing below are mostly larger and less linear, the middle
ones often overpowdered with black scales ; the tail is broader at the base and at
the apex, being sometimes as broad as in aristolochiae kotzebueus.

Hah. Sawela, Lombock Island, 1000—2000 feet, June 1896 (W. Doherty).

2. Papilio memnon clathratus subsp. nov.

Papilio memnon merupii, Nnv. Zocil. 18'Ji. p. 315 (t) {rx p.).

I am now in possession of a Sumba specimen of merapu, and find that W. Doherty
was right when he told me during his last visit here that the Sanibawa and Sumba
memnon are not identical, but belong to two subspecies. Therefore I ha\e to give
a name to the Sambawa form. Besides the inferior size, clathratus is distinguished
from merapu by the marginal area of the underside of the hindwing being less
ochreous, mostly grey, and more extended on the disc, and by the grey rays of the
upperside of the hindwing being, near the margin of the wing, broader. Tlie female
of TTverapu is unknown ; that of clathratus I have described in Nov. ZooL. 1895. p. 316.

Hah. Sambawa (\V. Doherty, September 1891).

3. Papilio albinus thomsoui ah. mordiugtoni ab. nov.

This most singidar specimen reminds one strongly in its style of aberration
of Papilio nubilus Stand, and P. walkeri .Tans., and I should have gladly given
it equal specific rank with these two forms, but it was sent together with a great
number of P. albinus thomsoni which show so much variation that I can clearly see
that this specimen can be made out as an extreme sport.

Forewim/: black-brown, with a few white scales between cell and apex.

Hindwinij: black-brown; four wiiite patches on disc, one in apex of cell
extending half-way to base and rather ill-defined, the second between veins 6 and 7,
the third almost obliterated between 2 and 3, and the fourth triangular before vein T.
One oblong red jiatch between abdominal margin and vein 2 near anal angle; another
more indistinct, 11 mm. long, between veins 2 and 3.

Underside as above, but hindwing without white patches ; the two red patches
near anal angle larger and much more distinct. Both above and below these two
spots are dusted with blue .scales.

The two first of the series of red sulmiarginal spots of albinus are present,
although altered in shape.

Hab. Little Kci Island, one ? (('apt. II. Cayley Webster).

Although as a rule I do not give a per.sonal name to an aberration, I do so in
this case at tlie request of the collector.

( 323 )

4. Papilio sarpedon dodingensis subsp. nov.

Pajiilio sarpedon antheclni, Nov. Zo.ii.. Isp.j. p. 444 (A) (ixp.).

(? ? . I have recently received some more specimens of sarpedon from the
^Moluccas, and find now that these islands are inhabited by two forms, one occumng
on the southern group of islands (Amboina, Ceram, and the adjacent islets), the other
on the northern islands (Halmaheira and Batjan). The characters in pattern which
distinguish the northern form from the southern one are in so far highly interesting
as we meet with them again in the Celebensian subspecies; sarpedon dodingeiisis
from the Northern Moluccas, therefore, being in pattern more closely allied to smpedon
rnilo'ii and sarpedon monticohis (]) from Celebes than to sarpedon anthedon from
Amboina and Ceram.

P. soTpedon dodingensis differs from saipedoii anthedon as follows : band on
forewing narrower, having behind a breadth of from 5 to 6 mm. instead of 8 mm. ;
the band on hindwing also about 2 mm. narrower, which is especially obvious at
costal margin and in cell. First submarginal spots on hindwing less arched, almost
straight. On underside of hindwing there is, as in milon and monticolus (!), a red
spot before cell between veins 6 and 7, which is absent from all the other subspecies
of sarpiedon.

The bands are in the J, not in the ? , more blue than in anthedon.

Hah. Halmaheira {type) ; Batjan.

The differences in the genital armature of dodingensis and anthedmi will be
explained in another place.

5. Papilio sarpedon timoixnsis subsp. nov.

P. sarpedon jxirxeclon, Nov. Zooi.. 1895. p. 442 (f/) {ej:p.).

6. I am now in possession of Australian specimens of sarpedon which agree
with the type of P. saj-pedon parsedon, Tr. Ent. Soc. Land. 1872. p. 99. t. 5. f. 1, and
which show that I was wrong in a])i)lying this name to the Timor insect ; jjarsedon
is nothing else but a small specimen of choredon killed .shortly after the emergence
from the pupae.

For the Timor subspecies I propose the name of timoremis. It has the bluish
green colour of choredon ; the middle band of the forewing is posteriorly not so
broad as in choredon, while the four anterior .spots are larger; especially the third
.spot is comparatively very large, having a diameter of 4mm. This spot is placed
closer to the apex of the cell than in choredon and sarpedon sarpedon. The hind-
wing is longer than in chwedon, and the tooth even more prominent than in teredon,
Nov. ZooL. 1895. p. 442 (c) ; the baud has at the costa a breadth of 7 mm. On the
underside the red costal mark of the hindwing stands closer to the median band
than in choredon; the black line separating it from tlie band is thinner than the
red mark.

A Wetter specimen differs from tlie Timor furm in luniiig the median band of
both wings broader. On the left Iiindwing this individual has a small blue-green
discal spot near the apex of the cell between veins 4 and 5, which reminds one of
the discal series of spots present in P. agamemnon and allies.

Hab. Timor (type) ; Wetter.

The male genital armature will ho figured and the differences between it and
that of choredon pointed out by Dr. K. Jordan in another place.

( S2l )

6. Papilio sarpedon jugans sub.-p. nov.

d. A small form with green, not blue-greeu, markings. The band of tlie wings
shai)ed as in iimwensrs ; third spot of the same size and jiosition as in that fomi.
Red costal line of underside of hiudwiug narrower than the black line which separates
it from the median band. Hindwing shaped as in Indian sarpedon ; therefore much
shorter than in iiinorensis and adonarensis.

Two of my four specimens have an additional green spot lietween the second spot
of the median band of the forewing and the costa.

The genital armature resembles more that of thnwensis than that of sarpedon
and ado^iareriisis.

Ildh. Waingapoeng, Sumba.

This form combines to a certain extent the characters c)f sarpedon sarjjedon and
sarpedon timwensis.

7. Papilio sarpedon adonarensis subsp. nov.

Papilio sarpedon jxirsedmi. I.e. p. 442 (rf) (i.r p.).

S. The median band of the forewing is nearly shaped and coloured as in
sarpedon sarpedon. The first spot is relatively large, its diameter being 2| mm.
The following four spots increase gradually in size ; their i-espective diameters are
3 mm., 3J mm., 4 mm., 4i mm., and 5 mm. ; the diameters of the remaining four
spots are ()| mm., 8 mm., 7J mm., and TJ mm. The band of the hindwing has at
the costa a breadth of 8 mm., and at the median vein of ?i^ mm. Below, the red and
black costal lines of the hindwing are both half as broad again as in timoi-e^wis.
Shape of hindwing nearly as in timorensis, but the tooth less pointed.

Distinguished from sarpiedmi timoreoisis and sarpedon choredon by the colour
of the median band, by the larger anterior spots of the forewing; from timorensis,
moreover, by the position of the third spot; and from both by the male genital
armature (as will be explained later on by my assistant. Dr. K. Jordan). I''rom
sarpedon sarpedon it is distinguished especially by the much longer hindwings and
their shorter band.

Four specimens from Tambora, Samhawa, collected by W. Doherty, at an
elevation of 2000 — 4000 feet, in May 1896, stand exactly intermediate between
adonarensis and Indian sarpedon in the shape of the hindwing.

Hab. Adonara {type) and Sambawa.

w. Papilio phorcas ansorgei subsp. nov.

c? . Differs from P. phorcas F. as follows : the spots of the forewing situate along
the stem of veins 7 and 8 are smaller, and are separated from the spot at the base of
the fork by a black interspace ; the spot of the median band before vein 5 is absent,
and the following spots are shorter tlian in phorcas. The submarginal band of spots of
the hindwing stands farther from the margin, being at vein 5 situate midway between
margin and cell. The tails are broader than in phorcas.

Hab. Man, Uganda Protectorate, May 18th, 18!>5, two 6(S (Dr. \\'. .1. Ansorge).

Named in honour of the collector,

( 325 )

9. Papilio phorcas congoanus subsp. iiov.

c?. Considerably larger than p/torcns, the forewing having a length of 60 mm.
The markings of the upperside are in all three individuals yellowish green ; the
median band is anteriorly broader, the spot between veins 4 and 5 measuring 7 mm.
in length, that before it 5i mm., while the spot behind the stem of veins 7 and 8 has
a length of 9 mm. The yellowish green basal area of the hindwing does not extend
quite so far to the apex of the cell as in phorcas.

Hah. Lukolele, I'pper Congo, two S S (tijpe) ; and French Congo, one d .

Whether the peculiar colour of the median band of the upperside is due to damp
I do not know ; but, as the three specimens have been caught at two different
places by different collectors, the colour may be natural. The chief difference between
cOngoanvs and phorcas is the length of the forewing and the form of the median band.

10. Appias montanus sp. nov.

6. Allied to A. phoebe Feld. The black apical region of the upperside of the
forewing is more extended ; the black spot at the apex of the cell is larger; the hind-
wings are creamy white, with a narrow sulphur-yellow border and a few black scales
at the anterior nervules. t)n the underside the differences are very much pronounced :
the apex of the forewing and the whole hindwing are yellow, not white ; the hindwing
has a black dot upon the second discocellular veinlet, and some very faint traces of
black jiatches in the outer half.

Hab. Mount Calaon, Negros, Philippine Islands, 6000 — 7000 feet, February
1896 (J. Whitehead).

jNIr. J. Whitehead sent a good series of this remarkable insect, which was found
only at high elevations.

11. Euryglottis dogaini sj). nov.

Near to E. aper (Wlk.) and E. davidianus Dogn., but differs as follows : —

Forewing: the subbasal transverse yellow bands are absent; the broad discal
transverse band is similar to that in E. aper, but is almost obliterated.

Hindivinij : has the white band as in aper, but much more distinct.

Underside : without bands.

Abdomen with four longitudinal rows of white spots ; the lateral orange patches
of aper are replaced by large white ones.

Hab. Loja, Ecuador {type), and Columbia.

12. Herpa meeki Rothsch. sp. nov.

?. Foi'emintj : two-thirds of wing creamy white, outer edge of this white
area rounded ; outer third black, with three white subapical spots ; base and veins
in black area bright metallic blue, the blue extending one-third along costa from
base, and also costa from white area for 6 mm. into black area is blue ; tip of
fringe white.

Hindwing : white, bordered broadly with black ; base and submarginal border
bright blue, the latter colour running along some of the veins for a short way into
black area.

Underside: as above, but hindwing with a white spot at apex.

( 326 )

The whole of body blue, except last six segments of abdomen, which are clay-
brown.

Expanse : forewing AM 27 mm. ; EM 17 mm. ; PM 20 mm.
„ hindwing ,, 20 ,, ; „ 17 „ ; „ 12 „

Woodlark Island (type) ; and Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux group, December
1894 (A. S. Meek leg].

This species has the general appearance of a true Ckalcosia, liut the neuration
agrees best with Herpa.

The Fergusson single ? , which is in had condition, has the black border of hind-
wing somewhat broader than the four Woodlark ? ? .

13. Oenetus marginatus sp. nov.

S. Foreiving : bright yellowish grass-green, broadly reticulated with darker
green ; just beyond the centre is a transverse band of seven lunulated silver s[iots, and
the costa is heavily spotted with brown ; exterior margin with larown spots.

Hindimng : salmon-red, with green border starting from middle of abdominal
margin, widest at anal angle, and running gradually narrower to the costa.

Underside: forewing salmon-red, with margins spotted green; costa brown,
spotted with green. Hindwing nearly shaped as in ramsai/l 6 , liut shorter, broader,
and at the apex more acutely produced ; green, slightly washed with red ; abdominal
third red ; costa green and brown-spotted.

Head and front of thorax dark green ; mesothoras green, washed with grey, and
with two brown dots ; rest of thorax and anterior half of abdomen salmon-red ; end
half of abdomen green.

? . Foreiving : golden green to greenish gold, with very heavy dark green
reticulations, forming often complete transverse lines ; a broad central band extends
from inner margin, almost reaching to costa, and is composed of round brown spots
varying in number and distinctness.

Hindwing : darker red than in male ; outer border greenish yellow.

Underside : forewing red, shaded with yellow towards outer margin. Hindwing
yellow, washed with red, more so in cell. Body as in male.

Expanse: S, forewing: length, 37 mm. ? . 60 mm.
breadth, 18 „ „ 22 „

„ hindwing: length, 29 „ „ 38 „

breadth, 20 „ „ 22 „

Hab. Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, March and April 1895 (A. S. Meek leg.).

Described from a good series.

14. Phalaenoides centralis sp. nov.

?. Forewing: burnt umber-brown, densely powdered with isabelle scales; the
usual metallic spots in cell and a broad metallic band along vein \b to inner angle;
three creamy white spots ; one 3 mm. from base and triangular ; second almost
triangular beyond middle of cell, separated from the first by a long brown patch ; third
spot large and ovate, situated outside cell, its size 6 by 3 mm.

Hindimng : uniform burnt umber, with white fringe ; in centre of wing a round
creamy-patch, 3 mm. in diameter.

Underside: ground-colour burnt umber, shading off into creamy butt" towards
margins ; markings as above, but hindwing with a small additional creamy patch
near,' base.

( 327 )

Head and three streaks on thorax cream-colour ; rest of thorax burnt umber.
Abdomen above smoky black, last three segments orange. Legs and underside of
abdomen pale yellow; fore tibiae and fore tarsi spotted brown.

Expanse : forewing AM 24 mm. ; E.M 13 mm. ; PM 17 mm.
„ hindwing „ 17 „ ; ,, 13 „ ; „ 11 ,,

Uab. Kockhampton, Queensland (coll. Baniard).

15. Milionia dysphanioides sp. nov.

cJ. Forew-inrj : shaped as in j¥. eletjans, Nov. Zool. 189.5. t. vii. f. 1;
purplish black, but without any metallic sheen ; a large oblique grej'ish white patch
is situated in the basal fourth, and extends from inner margin to median nervure,
and is broadest in front of vein \b; at apical half of cell there is an oblique greyish
white band extending from the costa to submedian fold, and split up into three
spots by the nervures ; another bandlike spot near inner angle between veins 1 and 3 ;
a subapical band consists of three spots, two close together near costa, and one between
veins 3 and 4, near outer margin.

Hinrhuing : deeper black, with the following cadmium-yellow markings : at basal
third a band extends from the abdominal margin across the wing to near apex of cell,
stopping at middle fold of cell ; then a second narrower from abdominal margin close
to anal angle to vein 3 ; lastly two large spots between veins 3 and 6, nearer to
the margin.

Underside : markings more extended, and on underwing the two subapical spots
coalesce with second band.

Abdomen cadmium-yellow, except first segment, which, like rest of body, is black,
as are four small round spots on each side of abdomen.

? only differs from male in the broader wings, the first band of hindwing
above being indistinct ; below in not having the second band joined to confluent
subapical spots, and in having the middle segments of abdomen black.

Expanse slightly smaller than in M. elegans Kothsch.

Hah. Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux group.

Three Si, one ?, collected by A. S. Meek, September to December 1894.

16. Milionia flaviventris sp. nov.

S. Forewiitg : black, but most of the wing occupied by orange-red, leaWng
a broad black band along inner margin from base to near inner angle, where a
small black patch between veins 16 and 2 is joined to it at right angles ; the hand
is 3 mm. broad in centre, and tapers off to each end ; the apical region is also
black, 10 mm. broad at costal margin, and gradually narrowing to vein 2 ; a black
patch 7 mm. long and 3i wide reaches obliquely from middle of costal margin to a
little beyond the cell ; costal margin narrowly black.

Hindwing : entirely black.

Underside: as above ; retinaculum black.

Thorax yellowish brown ; abdomen yellow ; head, underside of thorax, and legs
sooty black.

Expanse : forewing AM 28 mm. ; EM 17 mm. ; PM 20 mm.
,, hindwing „ 20 ,, ; ,, 15 ,, ; ,, 14 „

Hah. British New Guinea, between Mounts Alexander and Nisbet, two SS,
January 189G (A. S. Anthony).

( 328 )

17. Milionia mediofasciata sp. nov.

? . Fommng : black, crossed by <a broad transverse discal white band G uini.
wide at costa and hiiidmargin and 9 mm. in centre ; inner edge of band straight
and at right angles to inner margin of wing ; outer edge conve.x.

The second .specinieu has the white band somewhat narrower, especially from
median vein to costa.

Ilindunng : black, with broad oblique band of Chinese orange, reaching from
abdominal margin close to anal angle to beyond vein 7 ; its width is 4 mm. at ends
and 8 in centre ; inner edge of band slightly undulated, and outer edge convex.

Underside : as above, but paler.

Body above black, below sooty brown.

Expanse : forewing A5I 38 mm. ; EM 21 mm. ; PIM 23 mm.
„ hindwing „ 26 „ ; „ 19 „ ; ,, 16 „

Hab. British New Guinea, between Mounts Alexander and Xisbet, two ? ?,
January 1896 (A. 8. Anthony).

18. Milionia rawakensis woodlarkiana subsp. nov.

Differs from type in the extreme narrowness of the marginal band to hindwings,
which has a uniform breadth of 3 mm. i

I have a specimen of rawakensis from the Sattelberg, near Finschhafen, German
New Guinea, which is intermediate.

Hab. Woodlark Island, collected by A. S. Meek. f

"i
i

\

NoviTATES Zooi.oGic^.Voi,.III.189G.

Pl.XX.

*

4

^:.

f^|r

J Gtcoti iel. «* Uti..

TESTUDO EPHIPPlUM.Juv.

(DUNCAN ISLAND)

Mint«mSro9 «5>-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC^.VOL.I1I.189S.

Pl.XXI.

A.

^SBSIp'^*^

N ^

fc/

J.Greon del ctlttJv.

THIRD &L SEVENTH CERVICAL VERTEBRA
OF TESTUDO EPHIPFIUM.

MiivtomBros imp.

?&0£c

NOVITATES ZoOLOGICffi.VoL.III.lSSS.

PL.XM.

^

A

&.

J Gr«cn dei et ilU\ .

EIGHTH CERVICAL VERTEBRA
OF T^STUDO EPHIPPIUM^

MmtenvBros my

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. III. DECEMBER, 1896. No. 4.

TESTUDO EPHIPPIUM.

By dr. a. GItNTHER, F.R.S.

(Plates XX., XXL. and XXII.)

THE subject of this paper is based upon materials which Dr. G. Baur collected
ia Duncau Island during his visit to the Galapagos Archipelago in IsOl,
and wliich were afterwards acquired by the Hon. Walter Rothschild. A large
stuffed wall- with bones (carapace 291 in. long, measured in a straight line) and the
skeleton of a smaller fi'irude (carapace 22i in.) were retained for the Tring
Museum, whilst the skeletons of two ni(de.-< (respectively 2Ti and 2.j in. long)
were transferred to, and are now in, the Natural History Museum.

These Duncan Island specimens belong to the species which I described
from a stutfed adult male in the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art under
the name of Tesfiido ephippium* The direct comparison with the type, of
which carapace, skull, pelvis, and large liml)-bones are preserved, leaves no
doubt as to their specific identity. The agreement is so perfect as far as rhe
parts mentioned are concerned, that they do not require a new description, but I am
enabled to su]iplement my first account by describing the carapacx^ of a voung
friivde, and tlic vertebral column which had been lost in the Edinburgh specimen.

Carapace of the Female, 22i in. long (PI. XX.). — The thickness of the shell
is much greater than in Testndo abingdonii, but the individual plates are attenuated
on the margins so as to leave now and then a narrow cleft between them.

As regards general form the differences from the adult male are clearly
due either to sex or to less .advanced growth. The front part of the carapace
is less compressed, but the upper profile from the middle of the central
dorsal plate is almost horizontal ; the sides of the front part are decidedly
concave, the concavity being deepened by the reverted anterior margins. The
upper jiart of tlie shell, when viewed from above, is flat and broad ; the hinder
part is rounded, its middle portion being steeply declivous, whilst the marginal
plates above tlie hind-legs are as strongly arched outwards and upwards as
in the adult male. The posterior margin of the sliell is deejdy scalloped, more
so than the anterior. Tlie plates are deeply striated, the striated portion lieing
very distinct from the areolai'. Although we know the mode antl rate of growtii
of the epidermal plates from Aldabra specimens kept in captivity, and although,
in a state of nature, tlie growth most probably proceeds intermittently but at
ri'gnliir annual jieriods, so that each stria rejiresents the extent of sm annual
growth, it would be somewhat hazardous to calculate the age of our individual from
tlie number of striae. The oldest .striae gradually disapjiear, and more prominent
striae are mixed with less projecting. Thus, if in our sjiecimen each visible
stria is taken into consideratiou, its age might have been from fourteen to fifteen

' I'Idl. Tram. Vol. 10,') (187.".), p. L'7I ; or flhjaitt. Land Turl . (IS??), p. SI, witli plates.

23

( 330 )

years, whilst jif only the motst iintmiiieiit striae .ire coimtei
tortoise would uot exceed ten years.

The steruniu is slightly concave, trnncated in front anti
margin being slightly excised and attenuated.

Length of carapace in a straigiit line

„ „ over curve
Width of carapace in a straight line

„ „ over curve

Depth of carapace
Length of sternum
Width of sternum
Length of cau<lal ]ilate

AVidth of caudal idate

Circumference of vertical section of carapace

the age of this
thickened, the Innd-

2 •_).!,

26 "
10.1
24 i
10

loi
o"

4.1
41.'.

in.

A description of the sindl would be superfluous. The skulls of these Duncan
Island tortoises agree minutely with that of the type of T. ephippium, showing
especially the same want of dei)tli in the concavity of the palatal region, by which
this species is distinguished from 7'. nhinydoitii. It may be useful to give the
measurements of the skulls and cervical columns of the specimens examined : —

3 Thing.

i X.H.M.

i X.H.M. ' \ Thing.

Length oE carapace . . [ 20^ in.
skull ... i\ ..
„ ceiTieal (roluma . 19 ..

27i in.
* >•

IS ,.

2.5 in.
17 „

22i in.

34 „

13 ,.

For reasons which presently will become sufficiently apj)areut, I have compared
the cervical vertebrae jiarticularly with those of T. ubingdonii, to the description of
which I refer the reader. They are rather less slender, of a heavier build bnt
altogether smaller. The crests and ridges are less developed. In otlier respects
they are shaped of the same type, hut the third, seventh, and eighth show
distinctly specific characters.

In the atlas the lateral portion of the neural arch is conspicuously constricted,
and in its broadest ]iart it is as wide as the triheilral zygajiopliysis ; this latter
is hiuger than that part of the bone which forms the roof of the neural arch.

The tliird cervical vertebra (PI. XXI. fig. a) is jirovided with a high and
sharp neural crest extending the whole length of the bouc ; the haenuil crest is
also well develoj)ecl, though much lower than the neural.

The sixth cervical vertebra has its haemal crest scarcely more j)r(iniinrnt tlian
the preceding vertebrae ; and its jiosterior condyle is nearly completely hipartite.

The geventh cervical vertebra (PI. XXI. fig. b) is, relatively to its length,
much deeper than the corresponding vertebra of T. abiixjdoiiii* and the summit
of its neural crest is swollen, witliout excision in the middle.

The eighth cervical vertebra (PL XXII.) is more solidly built than in
T. ubingdonii,-^ the grooves and impressions being much less conspicuous ; especially
the deep lateral imjiression, which is so characteristic of T. abingdonii, is entirely
absent in 7'. ephipjiiinn.

In order to show the measurements of the several vertebrae as compared
with T. abingdonii, I have jirepared tlic following table: —

• See Oi^Mt. Lanrl Tort.. I'l. I.. H-. ►. t ^-f-, T'- I- H- G.

( -51 )

Distance of outer
margins of pos-
terior zygapo-
physes .

Distance of outer
margins of anter-
ior zygapophyse;-

era <

ft

o

o

s

o'

H." o

«

5

• o

•-:

c'

Horizontal widtli
of middle of
cuntrura

_. a

o

c
. 3

if

o

r,
o

o

?'. abingifonii.

-

^

-

w

CC

T.t'phipphnii (Trinjr fj).

to

.*-

-

-

y. cphippivm (N.H.M. ^).

(X

2

-

^

r. cphippvim (N.H.M. ^).

Oi

tO

y.

ro

ri

-

r

T; flhiin/di'iiii.

to

to

to

OT

Ci

to

to

T. ep/tippinm (Triug ^J).

w

-^

:::

Ol

X

to

s

r. ,p!i,pph,,i, (N.H.M. (J).

^0

oc

o<

--J

lO

to

-1

t

y. ephippinm (.\.H.M. J).

w

CO

c.

to

X

CO

4-

y.

X

T. ahintjdtinu.

s?

li

cc

-^

-

5

03

£

T. ephippiiim (Tiing ^J).

'i

-^

-1

c-

-

to

■XI

5:

r. f/M!>y«»m (N.H.M. ^J).

ti

rs

-

-

-

^

to

y. ephipphim (N.H.M. J >.

! ii

1

X

o;

»o

tc

H

to
to

y. tihingdotdi.

p-

*t

tc

to

X

X

to

X

o-

T. cphipiriiim (Tring ^).

O

to

»o

X

-

to

X

T. ephipphim (N.H.M. (J).

ro

lO

lO

to

;;

^

to

X

X

T ephipiAum CA.KM. ^y

£'

r

io

ic

to
tJ

't

^

T. ahiiHjilonii.

1

^

CT.

lO

lO

en

X

g

-1

T. e]>hippHim (Tring ^).

to

QO

CO

g

to

-

Ni

-a

c

T. epU-qipivm (N.H.M. $\

Co

o

iL-

'._-,

(^

-

X

rj

r.,ph;p,n,n„ (X.H.M. J,.

M

h^

ft

i;

t=

X

X

y. ahiiujdonii.

5-

t^

wO

-J

Cf

-

tc

T. ephippiuni (Tring ^).

CS

o

ll".

to

X

to

lO

^

^1

T. i-phipphnii (.V.H.M. J).

to

X

OT

ti

to

!r

10

-1

y. rphippiinn (N.H.M. (JV

s

i:

^,

=

•^

V

■-0

J. (iliiitilthnui.

F"

t

CO

o

St

^1

E

ot

^

y. cphippivm (Tring ^ ).

tc

w

a1

'£

g

r;

s

y. epMppium (N.H.M. J).

•w

ii

i:

H

H

r=

~;

y. rphippiiiw (N.H.M. JV

p.

s

5

-

s

cv

y. ahin>iilonii.

X

m
!>:•

to

51

-

CO

T. epliippimn (Tring J').

■x

4h.

to

US

-J

to

03

-1

g

r. epiiippium (^.HM. J).

o

P.

s

s

■J

w

to

T.fphippimt (N.H.M. ^).

( 332 )
The dorsal vertebrae have the following measnrements ;

Lenuths of Centra

OK DOBSiL VeKTKBB^VE.

1st.

2nd.

3rd.

4tli.

5th.

6th.

7th.

8th.

9th.

10th.

N.H.M. S
X.H.M. S
Tring ?

56 mm.
30 „
39 „

60 mm.
.57 „
45 „

68 mm.
60 „
51 .,

69 mm.
61 „
56 „

64 mm.
58 „
*8 „

49 mm.
43 „
37 „

37 mm.
33 „
29 „

26 mm.
22 „
18 „

14 mm.

1* >■
13 „

14 mm.
13 „

The nnmber oi cnathd rprtchnte is 2T iu the midi', and ^!0 in tXxe femnle.

^^ ith regard to the attachment nf the iliac bones X\\e femiih' specimen differs
frnm the two males. In the latter the iliac hones abnt against the plenrajiojihyses
of the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth vertebrae, the protuberance for the articulation
being opposite to the plenra])ophysis of the tenth vcrtelira. In the snuiller /('//('//c
the jdenrapojihyses of the ninth and tenth form the articulary tubercle, the eighth
joining it by anchylosis, and the eleventh (which is rather stout) and twelfth (which
is a very slender rod) by cartilage. Of course this is not to be regarded in the
light of a sexual character, but merely as an individual variation.

In the foregoing notes I have paid particular attention to a comparison of
the material before me with T. ubim/donii, not only because the two sjiecies are
outwardly very similar, but also because Dr. Baur, in a ])aper published some
years before his visit to the Galapagos," maintained that T. abingdonii and
T. ephippi'im were the same species. He took this view for two reasons.

I. Dr. Baur's first argument refers to the history of the type of T.
ephippiiim.

In my first description of this ty]iet I had stated that "nothing is known
of its history " % ; but considering Porter's notice of the peculiar saddle-shaped
carajiace of the Charles Island tortoise applicable to the type of T. ephippium,
I suggested that this latter might have come from that island. Two years later
I abandoned this view, and thought Indefatigable Island more likely to be the
true habitat of this race.§

However, iu the ]>aper quoted above {.\mer. Sat. 188'.), ]). lir.i'.)), Dr. Baur
informs us of a very interesting discovery whicli ilcserves our fullest attention.

• Amei: Nat. 1889, December, p. 1039.

t Philog. Tiatu. l.r.

% I believe this statement was fully justified on my part. To a letter which I addressed in 1872
to the then Director of the Museum of Science and .\rt, asking for information .ibout the history of
the specimen, I received the following reply : —

" EDlNltUltUH, Ml'tJEUM Ot SCIENCE ASI) .\BT.

" Maieh Sill, 1872.
'• DE.\R Db. tiLXTHER,—

" Mr. Archer having handed me your letter about the tortoises, I am sorry to say we have no
record of it.'i history witli which we can assist you in your work. It belongs to the i)rehistoric period
of our museum !

" Yours ever faithfully,

" (si/.) Ramsay H. Traqcair."

Two years later I made another attempt, and requested my late friend, Dr. Alexander Smith of
Edinburgh, to make further inquiries into the matter ; but he also, under date of February Hith, 1874,
wrote to me that he had been unsuccef.sful in finding out anything about the histoiy of the
specimen.

^ Gigant. Laml Tort., p. 11 (1877). It is unfortunate that in republishing in 1S77 my first
description of 1874, I omitted to alter the p.issage treating of the probable habitat of this species, and
to state the rea.son8 by which I was induced to change my opinion.

( 3:i:5 )

He happened to cousiilt an edition of Captain Basil Hall's ExtrucU from a
Journal (London, 1840), in wliich the author, when speaking of the Abingdon
tortoises, says : " I preserved one in a cask of spirits, and it may now be seen
in the Museum of the College at Edinburgh: if i.s of mediitm x/ze"* (the
italics are mine). This discovery received further confirmation wlien Dr. Traqnair.
on renewing his inqniries, found in the records of the old College ]\Iuseam an
entry of a " Large Turtle from South Sea — Captain Basil Hall." Unfortunately
no mark or label is attached to the specimen, by which its identification could
have been placed beyond question, so that — as Dr. Traqnair says at the end of
a letter to Dr. Baur — " we Iiave no ahxolnti' certainty as to whether our TeMudo
tpliippiiim is the specimen from the ' South Sea ' presented by Captain Basil
Hall or not."

In this I must share Dr. Traquair's <>])inion, particularly as there is some
difficulty in reconciling Hall's statement of the si/.e of his s])ecimen with that of
the Edinburgh specimen.

The types of Textudo aljiiKjdonii brought home by Captain ('onkson, K.X.,
are of extreme age, and- have evidently reached the limit of size to which this
species grows : one weighed :^01 pounds, with a carapace 40i inches long
(over the curve) and a sternum 26 inches long. Hall, who also gives the measure-
ments of the Abingdon tortoise, and of course for that iwrpose would have
selected a large individual, states that a specimen weighing 100 pounds had a
shell 43 inches and a sternum 29 inches long. Now, the type of T. ephippinm with
a shell of 40 and a sternum of 24 inches is but little smaller than those giants
from Abingdon Island. Is it likely that Hall would have described this sj)ecimeu
as " one of medium size," suitable for jireservation in a cask of spirits ? Yet,
as far as the historical evidence goes, if there were no other grounds for
disagreeing with Dr. Baur's conclusions, I should have felt bound to let the
matter rest where he left it.

II. But Dr. Baur thinks to clinch the matter by adding in a footnote on
p. 1043 that he had an opportunity of e.xamining a skeleton from Abingdon
Island in the U. S. National Museum, and that " a comparison of the elements
missing in the British Museum specimens with the corresponding ones of Testudo
epliippium leaves no doubt that Tesfudo ahingdonii is not different from Testudo
cpkippium." I cannot see the logic of Dr. Baur's argument. Even if it were
the fact that all those missing elements agree in both species, still there remains
the difficulty about those elements which are preserved in botli the Edinburgh
and British Museum specimens, and which do differ in a remarkalile manner, as
I have already described. Take, for instance, the skull, as to wliich I am in a
sufficiently good position to form an ojiininn. Of this jiart of the skeleton I
have examined and comjiared

Three skulls of Trutxdo '(him/iloriii.
One of the tyjie of Te.itiido rpldpphrra.
Four of the tortoise from Duncan Island.

* Dr. Baur states that in quoting Basil Hall I had omitted this note. This may give a wron"
impression .is to my manner of quoting. The edition which I used is Hall's cwn original tiition
(Kdinb.. ls2i), and that note does not appear in it. It was inserted by Hall in Inter popular editions
of the existence of which I was ignorant ; the edition used by Dr. Baur is not even in the libr.ary
of the British Museum, and I found it only in that of the Admiralty. The note in question appears
for the first time in Constable's MisoManij of Original and Sikctal Publications (Edinb., lS2li-7,
IGmo).

( =534 )

Of these the live latter agree iu all resjjects, aud purtieiilarly, iiKlepeiideutlv
of age, in the remarkable flattening and shallowness of the palatal region, while
the three skulls of T. nbinf/domi have this part narrower and deeply concave.
This agreement iu the latter is all the more significant as tlie skulls are tliose
of old individuals, in which one might have expected a certain anioiuit of individual
variation.

The enumeration of other distinctive characters would he merely a repetition
of what I have pointed out iu my former description atid in the first part of
the present paper.

Dr. Banr himself admits the distinctness of the Duncan Island tortoise from
that of Abingdon Island. He says : " We were fortunate enough to find a new
species of tortoise in this island." *

Now as far as shell, skull, and large limb-bones — the" only jiarts preserved
of T. epliijjpium — are concerned, the agreement of the Duncan Island specimens
with T. epiiippium is perfect, and therefore I see no reason, at present, for
s< parating tliem under a distinct name, as Dr. Baur seems inclined to do. Indeed
a glance at the map of the Archipelago shows the great improbability that the
tortoise of Duncan is identical with that of the outlying Abingdon. Not only
are the two islands more than 1° of Lat. distant from each other, but there is
James Island intervening, which is, or was, inhabited by a distinct type of a deep-
black colour and rounded circular shape. Now, if I am correct in assigning the
Duncan Island tortoise to T. ephippi^nn, the fact of this identity would be strong
evidence against the supposition that tlie type of tlie latter sj)eci(.'s is Basil Hall's
specimen.

Where, then, does the type of '/'. cpliippiam come from ? As mentioned
above, in the Synopsis of the Gigantic Land Tortoise.-f, written long after the
descriptive jwrtion, I stated that it came from Indefatigable Island. At this time,
after a la]ise of twenty years, I have no recollection of the grounds which induced
me to substitute that island for Charles Island. Possibly Commander Cookson, who
by tliat time liad returned liome, gave me information pointing to Indefatigable
Island as the probable home of T. ephippiam. If this sliould prove to be the fact,
then its identity with the Duncan Island tortoise could be readily accounted for
by the close proximity of Indefatigable and Duncan Islands.

I do not despair that tliis as well as other obscure points in tiie distribution
of these tortoises are still capable of definite solution, althougli tlie majority of
the races may be extinct or are being exterminated. There must Ite many
remains of specimens whicji perished ages ago, scattered over the islands. It is
of great importance that iu future visitors sliould collect and preserve those
remains, esjjccially skulls. Those found at a great distance from the shore would
be the more valuabh>, as they afford iucontestalile evidence of being derived from
animals really indigenous to the island. For we must not forget that those
picked up near landing-places may be remains of specimens wiiic.li were transported
by crews of vessels from some other island and slaughtered when or wherever
their meat was retjuired.

* Kin licftiich dtr GaJapaijos Ijisrln (Miiuchcii, 1>'92), p. .35: ''Wii' waren so glucklich, auf dieser
Inscl eine neue Art von Scliildkroten to tincien "

( 335 )

NEW SPECIES OF DBEPANULIDAE, THYRIDIDAE,
UBANIIDAE, EPIPLEMIDAE, AND GEOMETRIDAE IN
THE TEING MUSEUM.

By W. WAKREN, M.A., F.E.S.

Family DUEl'AXULIDAE.

]. Albara humerata sp. nov.

Fm'ewlngs: fawn-colour, the costal edge from base to middle yellowish; the
tines ferruginous, starting from dark brown costal spots ; first at one-fourth, oblique
outwards, angled on the subcostal, then straight and vertical or slightly oblique
to inner margin beyond one-third ; second line from costa at middle, runs outward
along the subcostal vein for two-thirds of the distance to the apex, is then sharply
aiigulated, incurved opposite the cell and outcurved below it, reaching the inner
margin straight at four-fifths; submarginal line strongly denticulate, blackish;
marginal area dark grey, witli some irregular black marks before the fringe, which
is chestnut with a pale basal line; a)iical one-third of costa with a chestnut
streak, the apex itself with one or two snow-white spots; cell-spot large, blackish,
followed obliquely below it by four small while spots edged with black, and
sometimes altogether black.

Hindwinijs : fawn-colour, in the ? with the costal area ochreous ; in the d
with the ochreous tint suffusing the wing and leaving only the inner and anal
margins fawn-colour; a curved postmedian line, abbreviated in the S, reaching
to the ochreous costal part in the ?, which also has a short antemedian line on
inner margin which is wanting in the J.

Underside glossy yellow, in the forewings more or less suffused with grev.
Face and palpi blackish ; fillet and antennae purple-black ; collar ferruginous ;
thorax and abdomen fawn-colour; legs and abdomen beneath yellow; the forelegs
fuscous-tinged.

Expanse of wings : 22 — 24 mm.

!\hu]y examples from llie Khasias, dated May, September, and December.
Distinguished by the strongly arched base of costa of the forewings.

2. Cobanilla jaspidea sp. nov.

Fot'eirings : red, the basal and outer areas tinged with paler and ochreous;
first line at one-third, dark red, curved below costa and oblique inwards ; lia.sal
area varied with ochreous and darker reticulations, the costal portion rosy ; second
line fi-om costa at three-fourths, sharply angled outwards towards apex, then
oblicpie to inner margin beyond middle, before which it is slightly bent, dark
]iurple, edged with whitish scales ; cell-spot lunulate, red with paler centre and
surrounded by a bronzy orange patch ; marginal area beyond second line pinkish
ochreous with a few dark reticulations, becoming deep red again along hindmargin :
apex niaiked wilh lihu'k.

( :i:5G ;

IItiuhnil(js : with tlie bronzy oraii<re iiatcli larger, edged liv an anguhited line;
the disc and inner margin spotted with i.atches of white scales; the outer area
towards cosfa with dark siwts between the veins; fringe of both wings deei) red.

Underside fulvous, spotted with fuscous; tl;e oblique line and anal angle of
forewings deep brown. Face, palpi, and forelegs bright red ; thoiax paler ; alidomen
deep red.

E.xpanse of wings : 48 mm.

One ? from Cedar ]?av, south of Cooktown, (j»iieensland (.\. S, Meek).

.". Drapetodes interlineata sp. nov.

Forewiwjs : pale brownish ochreous, the costal edge wiiite : a snbco.-tal line
of shining black scales from middle of base to near a()e.x, before which it i.- bent
at right angles and waved to third median, and again bent and oblique to inner
margin before middle; in the lower part and along tlie waNcd aiiii-al portion it
has a broad pale inner edge ; between the two lines are two similar brownish
lines from inner margin nearer base, waved before apex ; a very fine dark lunulate
submarginal line from apex, marked with black dots on veins, divergent inwards
from the margin above anal angle, to inner margin at three-fourths, and there
thicker ; fringe concolorous, with a fine dark line ; some black streaks on costa at
base and before apex ; two black discocellnlar dots.

Hindudngs : crossed by a succession of straight lines; l)asal area pale; two
dark antemedian lines enclosing a brown fascia with a line along its centre; a
pale fascia with the black cell-dot in it, edged by a brown line; exterior line
black, finely crenulate, with a jiale broad inner edge, preceded and followed bv a
pair of brown lines; submarginal line .straight, dark, the margin bevond it darker;
fringe with a fine dark basal line.

Underside pale ochreous, with only the outer lines shown, l-'ace and palpi
ocln-eous below, red-brown above ; thorax and abiloincn brownish ochreou.-.

E.xpanse of wings : cJ, 24 mm. ; ? , 26 mm.

A pair from South Java, 1891 ; loOO feet (Fruhstorfer).

The antennae of the 6 are not only thickened and flatteni'il. but uniserrate,
tlie teeth curved and close together.

4. Drapetodes lunulata sp. nov.

Foreioings: brownish ochreous; the inner margin at base and an oblique
streak from apex to middle of inner margin ochreous yellow ; some darker brown
irregular streaks on inner area, oblique outwards from costa and inwards to inner
margin; the pale streak towards apex is crossed by two series of stronglv sagitti-
form brown markings, succeeded by six broad whitish lunidar marks, the last three
lying in an oblique line to the inner margin ; a triangular space at anal angle
dark grey-brown; marginal line dark brown; fringe chequered pale and dark
ochreous.

Hindioinijs: with liasal area yellowish, crossed by two brown lines; median
area greyish ochreous, with two black discal spots and a po.st median darker line;
marginal space narrowly dark grey, broadening towards anal angle, preceded liy a
••ow of large irregular yellow lunules, eacli edged internally by a i>aler brown-edged
erescentic mark; fringe ochreous grey, with slight pale markings.

( 337 )

Thorax iuid abdomen oclireous lirowu, the latter whitish at sides; lace and
vertex pale oclireous. Underside cream-colour ; the fringe and some suhmargiual
spots greyish.

Expanse of wings : 3(i mm.

One ? from West Java.

5. Eiichera absentimacula sp. nov.

Nearest to suJistiijinarut Ifiib., from whicli it is at once distinguished liv the
entire absence of the round cell-spot in both wings, above and below ; in its place
on the upperside of forewings is a flattened oval oblique jiale sjjot. All the grey
markings are rufous-tinged, especially those towards apex of forewings ; the edge of
the basal area and the inner edge of the central fascia, after angulation on the sub-
costal, descend nearly vertically to inner margin, instead of being obli(jue and curved ;
the outer edge of central fascia opposite the cell is blunt and vertically waved, not
oblitpie and angulated ; and the exterior wavy line is complete throughout, the
marginal area coloured with rufous grey. The hiudwings are without any darl';
suffusion or blotches on the outer line towards apex. On the underside the costal
region of forewings is broadly tinged with rufous gre}'. The same size as siibstujmaria.

One c?, one ?, from Java.

Gonocilix gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa arched ; apex slightly produced, blunt ; hindmargin angled
at vein 4, with a shallow excision above and below; anal angle distinct.

Hintlwlnijs : with apex rounded ; anal angle square ; hindmargin bluntly toothed
at vein 4.

Antennae thickened and flattened ; paljii porrect, not reaching beyond face :
tongue and frenulum present.

Neuration : discocellular .strongly inangulated ; the first subcostal free, running
close to second; second anastomosing with stem of third and fourth, forming a long
areole ; the fifth subcostal given off just before the end of areole ; the upper radial
from the areole. Hind tibiae with four spurs.

Type: Gmiocili.c ocellal.a sj). nov.

0. Gonocilix ocellata sp. nov.

Foreu'inys : white, the markings blue-grey ; fir.~t line at one-fourth, marked by
three blotches, one on costa, another in the submedian interspace, the third on inner
margin ; at end of cell is a large oblique oval pale olive blotch, edged outwardly
with fu.scous brown, the veins within it silvery white, an oblique costal blotch above
it, and a larger diffuse one beyond it ; a silvery white streak on the inner edge of the
ocellus is continued to iimer margin as an olive double streak, the branches of which
are divergent ; a subajiical costal blotch and submarginal blue-grey band of partially
connected spots; a marginal row of dark grey blotches, continued into the paler grey
fringe, which has a fine white basal line and is chequered with white at the ends of
the veins, and is altogether white at apex and anal angle ; between veins 2 and '.\
beyond the ocellus is a round hyaline space, and three or four mon> in the submarginal
band, that at the top, beneath the subajiical blotch, the largest.

i/iWlwiif/s : with a double basal line; an ocelloid blue-grey blotch, containing

( 338 )

first a white line, then the veins silvery, tipiioil with Mack, and followed by three
hyaline patches ; the rest as in forewings.

Underside silvery white, blotched with cinereous lirowii, most extensively in
forewings. Face and palpi brown; thorax and abdomen white, the latter with the
three middle and anal segments marked with biui'-grey.

Expanse of wings : (J, 36 ; J , 48 mm.

A pair from the Khasia Hills.

~. Oreta fuscimargo >p. nov.

Foreir't'iujsi : yellow, tinged with rosy in parts; no first line; a slightly darker
cloud on the discocellular ; hiudniargin tinged with red and darkened by i)urple and
grey scales, witli a darker blotch below the middle ; an oliseure fine reddish line from
before apex to inner margin beyond middle.

Hindwimjs: with the red line central and plainer; traces of an antemedian
line ; the area between the two tinged with rosy, and the apex also reddish ; fringe
yellow, but red at apex ; altogether dark red in forewings.

Underside glossy yellow; forewings with a brown marginal liand. Face, pectus,
and forelegs red ; thorax and abdomen yellow.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

tine ? from Coomooboolaroo, Duaringa, North (Queensland (A. S. Meek).

The antennae are densely serrate.

8. Phalacra strigata sp. imv.

Forewimjs : ochreous, suffused and dusted with pale brownish ; a double
angulated line at one-third, the inner arm marked by brown spots on the \-eins, the
outer by brown blotches ; from the middle of the discocellular a straight brown striga
runs to the hindmargin ; three bro%vn subapical costal sjiots, from each of which runs
a curved series of vein-dots, those before the margin the